Association of Triglyceride and C-reactive Protein Level with Severity of Angiographically Defined Coronary Artery Disease.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is considered as a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to find out the association of C-reactive protein (CRP) and triglyceride (TG) level on the severity of CAD in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). This cross-sectional study was performed in the Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of March 2018 to February 2021. Total 431 patients with ischemic heart disease were enrolled after taking informed written consent. CRP values were categorized into normal (<6 mg/L), borderline (6-10 mg/L) and high (>10mg/L) and TG level were categorized into normal (<150 mg/dl), borderline (150-199mg/dl) and high (≥200 mg/dl). Patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) were stratified according to CRP value and TG level. Severity of CAD was assessed by the Gensini score. Most of the patients (33.4%) belonged to age 51-60 years. The mean age was 51.31±10.30 years. The majority (74.5%) of patients were male. Among risk factors, the highest 205(47.6%) patients were smokers followed by hypertension 190(44.1%) and diabetes mellitus 175(40.5%). The association of TG and CRP with the whole spectrum of IHD was found statistically significant (p<0.05). Severe CAD was found higher in high TG and high CRP level group compared with the other groups and was statistically significant. Inflammation assessed by high CRP and hypertriglyceridemia associated with the risk and severity of CAD.

Evaluation of Early Renal Involvement in Essential Hypertension by Measuring Urinary Biomarkers.

Hypertensive kidney damage results in glomerular as well as tubular dysfunction. Albuminuria is a well-known marker of glomerular damage. On the other hand, urinary uromodulin is increasingly considered as a potential biomarker of early tubular dysfunction. The aim of the study was to assess glomerular and tubular function of the kidney by measuring urinary albumin and uromodulin excretion in hypertensive subjects. This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 to June 2019 in Hypertension Clinic of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka and Kidney Care and Research Centre, Sonargaon, Narayanganj, Bangladesh. In this study 122 hypertensive subjects with age >30 years, duration of hypertension <5 years, without accelerated or malignant BP, absence of dipstick proteinuria and eGFR >60ml/min were included. There were also 33 normotensive individuals included as healthy controls. Albumin-creatinine ratio (uACR mg/g), urine uromodulin-creatinine ratio (uUMODµg/g), urinary sodium-creatinine ratio (mEq/g) and potassium-creatinine ratio (mEq/g) were measured from single morning spot urine sample. Urinary uromodulin levels were measured by ELISA method. The hypertensive and normotensive subjects were age matched 49.0±12.0 vs. 48.0±11.0, years (p=NS). The mean uACR was 29.0±65.0 versus 5.6±2.7mg/g, (p<0.001) respectively. The median uUMOD in hypertensive subjects was 3.38 (1.73-9.06) and in normotensives 3.85(2.28-5.69) µg/g (p=non significant). Multivariate analysis showed significant inverse association between diastolic blood pressure and urinary uromodulin excretion. A uUMOD cut-off of 2.9 (25th percentile) showed eGFR, urinary sodium and potassium excretions were significantly lower at low uromodulin group. The glomerular involvement was found in 21.0% of hypertensive subjects as evidenced by albuminuria. No difference was observed in urinary uromodulin level between hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Low urinary uromodulin level was associated with lower eGFR, Na+ and K+ excretion which indicate simultaneous tubular and glomerular involvement.

Metastatic tuberculous abscess: A rare manifestation of cutaneous tuberculosis.

Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB), a rare manifestation of tuberculosis is one of the most challenging diagnoses to establish. Metastasic tuberculous abscess is a form of CTB which is characterized by cold abscesses on the patient's extremities or trunk without any involvement of underlying tissue. Here we report a case of 56-year-old Bangladeshi male with no previous history of TB, who presented with multiple abscesses over the body for 3 months. His diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lesions by staining, PCR and culture. But no primary focus was found. After 1 month of anti-tubercular therapy, significant improvement was noted.

4-4-(Anilinomethyl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-pyrazol-1-ylbenzoic acid derivatives as potent anti-gram-positive bacterial agents.

A collection of potent antimicrobials consisting of novel 1,3-bis-benzoic acid and trifluoromethyl phenyl derived pyrazoles has been synthesized and tested for antibacterial activity. The majority of trifluoromethyl phenyl derivatives are highly potent growth inhibitors of Gram-positive bacteria and showed low toxicity to human cultured cells. In particular, two compounds (59 and 74) were selected for additional studies. These compounds are highly effective against Staphylococcus aureus as shown by a low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), a bactericidal effect in time-kill assays, moderate inhibition of biofilm formation as well as biofilm destruction, and a bactericidal effect against stationary phase cells representing non-growing persister cells. Multistep resistance assays showed a very low tendency for S. aureus and Enterococcus faecalis to develop resistance through mutation. Additionally, in vivo mouse model studies showed no harmful effects at doses up to 50 mg/kg using 14 blood plasma organ toxicity markers or TUNEL assay in liver and kidney. Investigations into the mode of action by performing macromolecular synthesis inhibition studies showed a broad range of inhibitory effects, suggesting targets that have a global effect on bacterial cell function.

Experimental investigations for assessing the influence of fly ash on the flow through porous media in Darcy regime.

Hydraulic conductivity plays a vital role in the studies encompassing explorations on flow and porous media. The study investigates the compaction characteristics of a river sand (Beas, Sutlej, and Ghaggar rivers) and fly ash mix in different proportions and evaluates four empirical equations for estimating hydraulic conductivity. Experiments show that an increase in the fly ash content results in a decrease in the maximum dry density (MDD) and an increase in the corresponding optimum moisture content (OMC) of sand-fly ash samples. MDD at optimum fly ash content was achieved at low water content, which resulted in less dry unit weight than that of typical conventional fill. In Beas, Sutlej, and Ghaggar sands the optimum fly ash content up to which the hydraulic conductivity value reduced uniformly was found to be 30, 45, and 40%, respectively. Any further increase in the fly ash content results in a negligible decrease in hydraulic conductivity value. The observed hydraulic conductivity of sand-fly ash mix lies in the range of silts, which emboldens the use of sand-fly ash mix as embankment material. Further, the evaluation of empirical equations considered in the study substantiates the efficacy of the Terzaghi equation in estimating the hydraulic conductivity of river sand-fly ash mix.

A study on the geotechnical characterization and water retention characteristic curve of pond ash.

The understanding of the engineering behaviour of unsaturated soil is totally dependent on the water retention characteristic curve (WRCC). In this paper, a comprehensive study of the WRCCs of pond ash along with the ash's geotechnical behaviour has been made. The WRCC has been drawn experimentally using a Fredlund device based upon the pressure plate technique for both wetting and drying cycles. Further, an investigation was carried out to study WRCC hysteresis of pond ash. There exists a considerable hysteresis in drying and wetting curves of pond ash sample. The different WRCC models were used to fit the experimental WRCC data. The effect of compaction on WRCC was also studied. The air entry value in the case of a loose sample is low and the sample gets nearly desaturated at low soil suction as compared to a dense sample. Also, the wetting WRCC is predicted using the Feng and Fredlund model as it is difficult and time consuming to measure the whole hysteresis. The predicted results are compared with the measured wetting WRCC. Since the direct measurement of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is difficult to obtain in engineering practices, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function is predicted using the measured WRCC as the input parameter using SEEP/W software.

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid.

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78 µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

Chemical sensing platform for the Zn+2 ions based on poly(o-anisidine-co-methyl anthranilate) copolymer composites and their environmental remediation in real samples.

A novel nanostructure of poly(o-anisidine-co-methyl anthranilate) (poly(Ani-Co-MA) copolymer has been synthesized by chemical oxidative in situ polymerization technique with equal molar proportion of monomers in the presence of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (SDBS) surfactant. The synthesized copolymers were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray crystallography (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-Vis, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and simultaneous X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study. The ultraviolet visible spectrum shows the π to π∗ transition and n to π∗ transition. XRD diffraction pattern confirms the amorphous nature of poly(Ani-Co-MA)-SDBS composites. The scanning electron microscope image shows the morphology of the copolymer matrix. For the selective detection of Zn+2 cation in neutral phosphate buffer, it was fabricated Zn+2 cation sensor based on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) coated with poly(Ani-co-MA)-SDBS composites as a thin layer with conducting coating binders. The proposed cation sensor has been found to exhibit the inertness in air and chemical environment, long-term stability with good sensitivity, a broad linear dynamic range practically, a reliable reproducibility, short response time, and high electrochemical activity. The sensitivity (0.3560 µA µM-1 cm-2) of Zn+2 cation sensor has been calculated from the slope of the calibration curve. The linearity of the calibration curve is found over the linear dynamic range (LDR) 0.1 nM~0.01 M, and detection limit (DL) is 27.0 ± 1.35 pM at the signal to noise ratio of 3. This novel effort may be considered quite reliable and effective to detect Zn+2 cation in environmental and biomedical sectors on a broad scale. Simultaneously, SDBS doped poly(o-anisidine-co-methyl anthranilate) copolymer composites were measured against medically important organisms Escherichia coli. E. ludwigi, and Bacillus subtilis. Graphical abstract ᅟ.

Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Women from Multan, Pakistan.

Toxoplasma gondii infections are prevalent in humans and warm-blooded animals. Maternal infections during pregnancy may have devastating consequences for transplacentally infected neonates. This study was conducted to examine the seroprevalence of antibodies to T. gondii in pregnant women of childbearing age and determine risk factors associated with pregnancy history, pet ownership, social and cultural factors at Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Samples were collected from 403 women and examined using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii was 17.6% (71) in the 403 samples collected from women. Antibodies to T. gondii were present in 19.4% (45) of 232 pregnant women and 15.2% (26) of the samples from 171 non-pregnant women. This study identified miscarriage history, pet ownership, type of residence, marital status, source of drinking water and eating habits as significant (P < 0.05) risk factors associated with the presence of antibodies to T. gondii infection. Seroprevalence was not significantly different (P > 0.05) in women from different ethnic groups based upon lifestyle and culture.

Association between serum vitamin D, retinol and zinc status, and acute respiratory infections in underweight and normal-weight children aged 6-24 months living in an urban slum in Bangladesh.

We conducted a longitudinal assessment in 466 underweight and 446 normal-weight children aged 6-24 months living in the urban slum of Dhaka, Bangladesh to determine the association between vitamin D and other micronutrient status with upper respiratory tract infection (URI) and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI). Incidence rate ratios of URI and ALRI were estimated using multivariable generalized estimating equations. Our results indicate that underweight children with insufficient and deficient vitamin D status were associated with 20% and 23-25% reduced risk of URI, respectively, compared to children with sufficient status. Underweight children, those with serum retinol deficiency were at 1·8 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·4-2·4] times higher risk of ALRI than those with retinol sufficiency. In normal-weight children there were no significant differences between different vitamin D status and the incidence of URI and ALRI. However, normal-weight children with zinc insufficiency and those that were serum retinol deficient had 1·2 (95% CI 1·0-1·5) times higher risk of URI and 1·9 (95% CI 1·4-2·6) times higher risk of ALRI, respectively. Thus, our results should encourage efforts to increase the intake of retinol-enriched food or supplementation in this population. However, the mechanisms through which vitamin D exerts beneficial effects on the incidence of childhood respiratory tract infection still needs further research.

Jet energy measurement and its systematic uncertainty in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV with the ATLAS detector.

The jet energy scale (JES) and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector using proton-proton collision data with a centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text] TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]. Jets are reconstructed from energy deposits forming topological clusters of calorimeter cells using the anti-[Formula: see text] algorithm with distance parameters [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], and are calibrated using MC simulations. A residual JES correction is applied to account for differences between data and MC simulations. This correction and its systematic uncertainty are estimated using a combination of in situ techniques exploiting the transverse momentum balance between a jet and a reference object such as a photon or a [Formula: see text] boson, for [Formula: see text] and pseudorapidities [Formula: see text]. The effect of multiple proton-proton interactions is corrected for, and an uncertainty is evaluated using in situ techniques. The smallest JES uncertainty of less than 1 % is found in the central calorimeter region ([Formula: see text]) for jets with [Formula: see text]. For central jets at lower [Formula: see text], the uncertainty is about 3 %. A consistent JES estimate is found using measurements of the calorimeter response of single hadrons in proton-proton collisions and test-beam data, which also provide the estimate for [Formula: see text] TeV. The calibration of forward jets is derived from dijet [Formula: see text] balance measurements. The resulting uncertainty reaches its largest value of 6 % for low-[Formula: see text] jets at [Formula: see text]. Additional JES uncertainties due to specific event topologies, such as close-by jets or selections of event samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks or gluons, are also discussed. The magnitude of these uncertainties depends on the event sample used in a given physics analysis, but typically amounts to 0.5-3 %.

Orally co-administrated oleo-gum resin of Commiphora myrrha decreases the bioavailability of cyclosporine A in rats.

Cyclosporine A is a narrow therapeutic indexed immunosuppressant used after organ transplantation. Several herbs have been reported to alter its pharmacokinetics. Myrrh, dried oleogum resin obtained from Commiphora myrrha (Burseraceae) has been used for many common ailments. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of myrrh on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine A. The rats of the control group received 60 mg/kg, p.o. cyclosporine A, and blood samples were collected at predetermined time intervals. Rats of the test group were treated with an aqueous suspension of myrrh (380 mg/kg p.o.) for eight days and on 8th day a single dose of cyclosporine A was administered to the treated group after 1 h of myrrh administration. Blood samples were drawn at predetermined time points and the drug was analyzed in whole blood by using H-Class UPLC-TQD. Pharmacokinetic profiles of control and test group were compared. Statistically significant differences were observed between the pharmacokinetic parameters of control and treated groups. In the myrrh treated group, the AUC(0-t) and C(max) of cyclosporine A was decreased by about 45% and 48%, respectively. The time to reach maximum concentration (T(max)) remained almost unchanged in both groups. Results indicated that the bioavailability of cyclosporine A was reduced by about 45% when co-administered with myrrh. This observation suggests that concurrent consumption of myrrh and cyclosporine A should be avoided. To confirm the clinical relevance of these findings, P-gp and CYP3A based molecular investigations can be performed along with a well-planned clinical study.

Sociocultural and host factors related to extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in rural Bangladesh: A case control study.

Bangladesh ranks sixth among higher TB burden countries. Extra-pulmonary TB contributes 12% of all tuberculosis cases in 2008. Risk factors for EPTB in Bangladesh are hypothesized to be different from pulmonary tuberculosis as seen in other high-burden countries. A case control study was conducted to compare the sociodemographic, household condition and lifestyle characteristics between extra pulmonary and pulmonary tuberculosis. This case control study was conducted in thirteen sub districts of Pabna, Shirajgonj and Cox's Bazar districts from January to June 2013. The samples were classified as either extra pulmonary tuberculosis EPTB (cases) or pulmonary tuberculosis PTB (controls). A total of 490 participants including 245 extra pulmonary tuberculosis (cases) and 245 pulmonary tuberculosis (controls), who were being enrolled in DOTS treatment for last six months, were interviewed for epidemiological and clinical information using a standardized questionnaire. Children, adolescent and younger adults had four-time higher risk of being manifested with extra pulmonary tuberculosis [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.97; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.10 to 14.35] and (AOR 4.50; 95% CI 1.48 to 13.72). Respondents, who lived in their own houses showed three times more chance of getting extra pulmonary disease (AOR 3.11; 95% CI 1.15 to 8.39). Extra pulmonary tuberculosis was seven to eight times more likely to occur among those whose resided in bedrooms ventilated with one (p= .001) or more windows (p =.004) and having window shutter made of glasses or wood slit raised the probability of getting extra pulmonary involvement by twenty times. Households using grain husk and leaves as cooking fuel revealed seven times higher chance of being manifested as extra pulmonary tuberculosis (P <.001). Extra pulmonary cases were three times more common among respondents, who had no history of exposure with known tuberculosis cases than those who had frequent exposure history (AOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.24 to 7.34). Extra pulmonary tuberculosis was found 1.5 times more common among BCG vaccinated respondents than pulmonary tuberculosis (AOR 1.66; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.58). Younger age, house ownership, bedroom ventilation, fuel material used for cooking, contact history and BCG vaccination status might be the important risk factors for the extra pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis relative to pulmonary tuberculosis.

Impact of Herbal Medicines like Nigella sativa, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Ferula asafoetida, on Cytochrome P450 2C11 Gene Expression in Rat Liver.

AIM: Combined use of herbs and drugs may result in clinically important herb-drug interactions. The majorities of these interactions are thought to be metabolism-based and involve induction or inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP). The current study was designed to investigate the effect of some commonly used herbs on rat CYP2C11 gene expression and metabolic activity. METHODS: Wistar rats were treated for 7 days with increasing doses of 3 herbs; Nigella sativa, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Ferula asafoetida. Thereafter, CYP2C11 mRNA and protein levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses, respectively. In vitro metabolic activity of CYP2C11 was performed on rat hepatic microsomes using tolbutamide as specific substrate. RESULTS: Our results showed that all the 3 herbs significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP2C11 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the in vitro enzyme metabolic activity study showed a significant decrease in the formation of 4-hyroxy-tolbutamide, a tolbutamide metabolite, at the higher doses. The inhibitory effects of the investigated herbs on rat CYP2C11 was in the order: Nigella Sativa > Trigonella foenum-graecum > Ferula asafoetida. CONCLUSIONS: The 3 herbs are strong inhibitor of CYP2C11 expression, which can lead to an undesirable pharmacological effect of clinically used CYP2C11 substrate drugs with a low therapeutic index.

Investigating the Potential Effect of Commiphora myrrha on the Pharmacokinetics of Theophylline, a Narrow Therapeutic Index Drug.

AIM: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of commonly used herb Commiphora myrrha on the pharmacokinetic profile of theophylline (narrow therapeutic index drug) in rabbits. METHODS: In the experimental groups, theophylline (16 mg/kg) was given orally to the rabbits. Where aqueous saline suspension of Commiphora myrrha (176 mg/kg, p.o.), was given to the rabbits and the blood samples were withdrawn at different time intervals (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 36 h) from marginal ear vein after dosing and theophylline in plasma was analyzed by HPLC method. RESULTS: It was observed that there a significant differences in the Cmax, AUC, AUMC, t1/2, and MRT of theophylline when coadministered with Commiphora myrrha which indicate that the herb affect the metabolism and elimination when coadministered with theophylline. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that concurrent use of investigated herb alters the pharmacokinetics of theophylline. Confirmation of these results in human studies will warrant changes in theophylline dose or frequency when coadministered with herb under consideration.

Association between elevated B-type Natriuretic Peptide levels with extent of coronary artery disease in patients with unstable angina and NSTEMI.

The study was undertaken to find out the correlation of elevated B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) levels with the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with unstable angina and NSTEMI. This cross sectional analytical study was carried out in the department of cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka during a period of August 2011 to June 2012. A total of 100 consecutive patients with unstable angina and NSTEMI undergoing coronary angiography were included in the study. BNP assay was done by Architect system, a chemo luminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). CAG was done by conventional method within 14 days of index hospital admission. Study patients were divided into two groups on the basis of BNP levels. In Group I, BNP Levels were ≤80pg/ml and in Group II, BNP levels were elevated >80pg/ml. with 50 patients in each group. Angiographic severity of CAD was assessed by vessel score and Friesinger score. Vessel score showed single vessel was involved in 21(47.7%) patients while multi vessel in 23(52.3%) patients was found in Group I. On the contrary 11(22.4%) single vessel patients and 38(77.6%) multivessel patients were found in Group II. There was significant association between vessel involvement (p=0.01). Friesinger score revealed that less severe CAD was found in 22(44%) patients and significant severe CAD in 28(56.0%) patients in Group I. On the contrary 7(14.0%) less severe CAD patients and 43(86.0%) severe CAD patients were found in Group II. There was significant difference between severity of CAD among the study groups (p=0.01). There was linear correlation between BNP pg/ml and coronary artery disease severity in terms of Vessel score (r=0.38, p=0.01) and Friesinger score (r=0.51, p=0.01). The present study concluded that increased BNP level >80pg/ml was significantly associated with the presence and severity of CAD in patient with UA and NSTEMI.

Differential expression of resistance to powdery mildew at the early stage of development in wheat line N0308.

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp tritici (Bgt) is one of the devastating diseases of wheat and causes yield losses in temperate wheat growing regions. A wheat line, N0308 with resistance to powdery mildew was used in this study. A suppression subtractive hybridization cDNA library was constructed from the wheat leaves inoculated by Bgt at the two-leaf stage. The differentially expressed genes in response to Bgt infection in wheat were identified, and a total of 175 positive clones from the library were sequenced, and 90 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were subjected to clustering, BLAST alignment, functional annotation, and classification into different categories. By comparing the EST sequences among the SSH-cDNA libraries, we analyzed gene expression patterns of 7 ESTs associated with the resistance reaction of powdery mildew by using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The expression of 5 genes (sulfatase, pathogenesis-related protein 17, betacarbonic anhydrase 2, thioredoxin h-like protein, and coronatine-insensitive) transcripts was induced, and the transcript levels of these genes were the highest at 72 h after Bgt infection, while those of 2 genes (violaxanthin de-epoxidase and gag-pol-polyprotein) were the highest level at 12 and 18 h post-infection, respectively. These findings suggest that these genes are induced at an early stage of infection and are transcriptionally activated for the host defense response.

Cutaneous anthrax in a school teacher.

Cutaneous anthrax is an infection of the skin caused by Bacillus anthracis. This is a report of a case of cutaneous anthrax attending outpatients of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital in October, 2010. The infected person was a retired school teacher with a very good body build. He reported to handle cow flesh about 4-5 days ago, developed few painless papules over shin of right leg, which gradually became large bullae and blackish eschar developed over the lesion. Smears from the lesions were investigated which confirmed the causative agent B. anthracis. The patient was treated with oral Ciprofloxacin (500mg) twice daily for seven days which cured the infection as observed on his subsequent follow up visits on 7 and 14 days later. Oral Ciprofloxacin is found effective as recommended by the World Health Organization.

Search for quantum black hole production in high-invariant-mass lepton+jet final states using pp collisions at √s=8 TeV and the ATLAS detector.

This Letter presents a search for quantum black-hole production using 20.3 fb-1 of data collected with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at the LHC at √s = 8 TeV. The quantum black holes are assumed to decay into a final state characterized by a lepton (electron or muon) and a jet. In either channel, no event with a lepton-jet invariant mass of 3.5 TeV or more is observed, consistent with the expected background. Limits are set on the product of cross sections and branching fractions for the lepton+jet final states of quantum black holes produced in a search region for invariant masses above 1 TeV. The combined 95% confidence level upper limit on this product for quantum black holes with threshold mass above 3.5 TeV is 0.18 fb. This limit constrains the threshold quantum black-hole mass to be above 5.3 TeV in the model considered.