RESUMO
Polarization states of light, represented by different points on a Poincaré sphere, can be readily analyzed for a Gaussian beam by a combination of wave plates and polarizers. However, this method cannot be extended to higher-order Poincaré spheres and complex polarization patterns produced by coherent superpositions of vector vortex (VV) beams. We demonstrate the visualization of complex polarization patterns by imprinting them onto a solid surface in the form of periodic nano-gratings oriented parallel to the local structure of the electric field of light. We design unconventional surface structures by controlling the superposition of VV beams. Our method is of potential interest to the production of sub-wavelength nano-structures.
RESUMO
All Saudi Arabian residents of the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia aged 30+ years completed a structured interview questionnaire about smoking. The prevalence of current smoking (smoked > 100 cigarettes or any tobacco products including waterpipe in lifetime and still smoking daily or occasionally for 1 month or more) among 196 268 respondents was 16.9% (28.7% among men and 4.5% among women). There was a significantly higher prevalence of smoking at younger ages in men and older ages in women. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that factors independently associated with smoking were lower socioeconomic tatus, lower education, being divorced and occupations such as the military and self-employed.
Assuntos
Fumar/epidemiologia , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Escolaridade , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Renda/estatística & dados numéricos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Estado Civil , Programas de Rastreamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ocupações , Prevalência , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
All Saudi Arabian residents of the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia aged 30+ years completed a structured interview questionnaire about smoking. The prevalence of current smoking [smoked > 100 cigarettes or any tobacco products including waterpipe in lifetime and still smoking daily or occasionally for 1 month or more] among 196 268 respondents was 16.9% [28.7% among men and 4.5% among women]. There was a significantly higher prevalence of smoking at younger ages in men and older ages in women. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that factors independently associated with smoking were lower socioeconomic status, lower education, being divorced and occupations such as the military and self-employed
