RESUMO
Emile Zola is one of the greatest writers in universal literature. In his important series of novels called "The Fortune of the Rougon-Macquart", Zola shows a surprising medical knowledge even though he did not have a formal medical education. We highlight not only his outstanding literary talent, but also the scientific relevance of the tremendous contribution to the medical field that can be extracted from his work. In this series, which describe the history of five generations within a large family suffering from neuropsychiatric and general pathologies, Zola emphasizes the hereditary component of several diseases. These observations probably place him as the first novelist who made an explicit emphasis on the power of inheritance in human behavior. He also mentions for the first time several medical aspects that were seldom addressed in the scientific literature of the time, demonstrating the genius of the writer, his outstanding power of observation and the rigorous preparation with which he wrote his work.
Assuntos
História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Medicina na Literatura/história , França , Genética/história , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/históriaAssuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Transtornos Neurológicos da Marcha/diagnóstico , Transtornos Neurológicos da Marcha/etiologia , Doença de Parkinson/complicações , Doença de Parkinson/diagnóstico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Disfunção Cognitiva/psicologia , Feminino , Transtornos Neurológicos da Marcha/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença de Parkinson/psicologiaRESUMO
Emile Zola is one of the greatest writers in universal literature. In his important series of novels called "The Fortune of the Rougon-Macquart", Zola shows a surprising medical knowledge even though he did not have a formal medical education. We highlight not only his outstanding literary talent, but also the scientific relevance of the tremendous contribution to the medical field that can be extracted from his work. In this series, which describe the history of five generations within a large family suffering from neuropsychiatric and general pathologies, Zola emphasizes the hereditary component of several diseases. These observations probably place him as the first novelist who made an explicit emphasis on the power of inheritance in human behavior. He also mentions for the first time several medical aspects that were seldom addressed in the scientific literature of the time, demonstrating the genius of the writer, his outstanding power of observation and the rigorous preparation with which he wrote his work.
Assuntos
Medicina na Literatura/história , França , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/história , Genética/história , História do Século XIX , História do Século XXRESUMO
La estimulación de la Médula Espinal (EME) es una técnica de neuromodulación que ha mostrado ser efectiva en el manejo de los trastornos motores propios de enfermedades tan devastadoras como la Enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) y las lesiones de la médula espinal. Considerando que ambas patologías cuentan con opciones terapéuticas limitadas, la EME se podría posicionar como una técnica prometedora. Los mecanismos por los cuales operaría la estimulación difieren en ambos casos, generando cambios en la circuitería espinal local en el caso de las lesiones medulares, y cambios supraespinales, en el caso de la EP. En esta revisión se busca analizar los efectos de la EME en ambas enfermedades, tanto en modelos animales como en pacientes, hacer una breve descripción de los mecanismos y aludir a los desafíos futuros propuestos para ambos casos. (AU)
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a neurophysiological technique that has shown to be effective in modulating motor dysfunction associated with devastating diseases such as: Parkinson's disease (PD) and spinal cord injuries. Considering that both pathologies have limited treatment options, SCS could be considered as a potential useful technique. The mechanism by which stimulation operates differs in both cases, generating changes in local circuits in the case of spinal cord injuries and supraspinal changes in PD. This review aims to analyze the effects of EES on both diseases, focusing in the results observed in animal models and patients, give a brief description of the mechanisms behind and postulate the future challenges proposed for SCS in both pathologies.(AU)
