Vitrectomy with subretinal tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA) and intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) for submacular hemorrhages treatment: Retrospective analysis of 22 cases.

BACKGROUND: Macular hemorrhages are a severe complication of other retinal pathologies, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or macroaneurysms. Their therapeutic approach is not standardized, and can vary from observation to surgical treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 22 cases of macular hemorrhage, treated with vitrectomy associated to subretinal rTPA and intravitreal anti-VEGF over a period of 5 years. RESULTS: 22 eyes of 22 patients were included, of which 12 (52%) were women. The mean age at diagnosis was 84.4 years. 13 patients were pseudophakic (54.1%) and 19 (86.36%) had previous ophthalmological comorbidities. The etiology of the macular hemorrhage was AMD in 19 patients (86.36%). The mean of best VA corrected at diagnosis was 24.55 (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study score -ETDRS), with a statistically significant improvement to 36.78 3 months after surgery (p = 0.011). With an average of 23.5 months of follow-up, no differences in prognosis associated with the etiology or size of the hemorrhage were observed. CONCLUSION: The treatment of macular hemorrhages by vitrectomy, subretinal rTPA and antiVEGF improves the visual prognosis of affected patients.

Vitrectomía asociada a activador tisular del plasminógeno (rTPA) subretiniano e inyección intravítrea de anti-VEGF como tratamiento de hemorragias submaculares: análisis retrospectivo de 22 casos / Vitrectomy with subretinal tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA) and intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) for submacular hemorrhages treatment: Retrospective analysis of 22 cases

Introducción: Las hemorragias maculares suponen una complicación severa de otras patologías retinianas, como la degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE) o los macroaneurismas. El abordaje terapéutico de las mismas no se encuentra estandarizado, pudiendo variar desde la observación hasta el tratamiento quirúrgico.Material y métodosAnálisis retrospectivo de 22 casos de hemorragia macular, tratados mediante vitrectomías asociada a rTPA subretiniano y antiVEGF intravítreo durante un período de cinco años.ResultadosSe incluyeron 22 ojos de 22 pacientes, de los que 12 (52%) eran mujeres. La edad media al diagnóstico fue de 84,4 años. Del total de pacientes, 13 eran pseudofáquicos (54,1%) y 19 (86,36%) presentaban comorbilidades oftalmológicas previas. La etiología de las hemorragias maculares fue DMAE en 19 pacientes (86,36%). La media de mejor agudeza visual (AV) corregida al diagnóstico fue de 24,55 (puntuación Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study - ETDRS), con una mejoría estadísticamente significativa a 36,78 a los tres meses de la cirugía (p=0,011). Con un promedio de 23,5 meses de seguimiento, no se observaron diferencias en el pronóstico asociadas a etiología o tamaño de la hemorragia.ConclusiónEl tratamiento de las hemorragias maculares mediante vitrectomía, rTPA subretiniano y antiVEGF mejora el pronóstico visual de los pacientes afectos. (AU)

Background: Macular hemorrhages are a severe complication of other retinal pathologies, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or macroaneurysms. Their therapeutic approach is not standardized, and can vary from observation to surgical treatment.Material and methodsRetrospective analysis of 22 cases of macular hemorrhage, treated with vitrectomy associated to subretinal rTPA and intravitreal anti-VEGF over a period of 5 years.Results22 eyes of 22 patients were included, of which 12 (52%) were women. The mean age at diagnosis was 84.4 years. 13 patients were pseudophakic (54.1%) and 19 (86.36%) had previous ophthalmological comorbidities. The etiology of the macular hemorrhage was AMD in 19 patients (86.36%). The mean of best VA corrected at diagnosis was 24.55 (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study score -ETDRS), with a statistically significant improvement to 36.78 3 months after surgery (p = 0.011). With an average of 23.5 months of follow-up, no differences in prognosis associated with the etiology or size of the hemorrhage were observed.ConclusionThe treatment of macular hemorrhages by vitrectomy, subretinal rTPA and antiVEGF improves the visual prognosis of affected patients. (AU)

Vasculopatía coroidea polipoidea bilateral, coexistiendo con degeneración macular asociada a la edad exudativa y atrófica / Bilateral polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy coexisting with exudative and atrophic age-related macular degeneration

OBJETIVO: Presentar el caso clínico de un paciente que presenta vasculopatía coroidea polipoidea (VCP) bilateral y degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE) exudativa y atrófica, su tratamiento. Caso clínico. Mujer de 83 años presenta disminución de agudeza visual en el ojo izquierdo (OI). Al examen presenta DMAE atrófica en el OD, y en el OI una lesión naranja yuxtapapilar con depósitos lipídicos y otra gris subfoveal inferior. En la angiografía fluoresceínica y de verde de indocianina (AVI) se evidencia una membrana neovascular clásica en el OI, y pólipos yuxtapapilares en ambos ojos. Se realiza terapia fotodinámica con inyecciones anti-VEGF con estabilización de lesiones. CONCLUSIÓN: La coexistencia de la vasculopatía polipoidea coroidea y la DMAE exudativa es posible. Ante la sospecha de VCP debe realizarse AVI

OBJECTIVE: To present the case of simultaneous presentation of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and aged-related macular degeneration (AMD). Case report. An 83-year-old woman presented with decreased vision in the left eye (LE). In the examination there was an orange peripapillary lesion surrounded by lipid exudates and another subfoveal greyish lesion in the LE. Disciform scarring was observed in the right eye. Fluorescein angiography showed a classic neovascular membrane in in the LE fovea. Indocyanine angiography (ICGA) showed a polyp-like peri-papillary aneurysmal dilation in both eyes. The patient was treated with photodynamic therapy and anti-VEFG injections with stabilisation of the lesions. CONCLUSION: PCV and AMD can co-exist in unusual cases. When PCV is suspected, ICGA is mandatory for diagnosis

Bilateral polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy coexisting with exudative and atrophic age-related macular degeneration. / Vasculopatía coroidea polipoidea bilateral, coexistiendo con degeneración macular asociada a la edad exudativa y atrófica.

OBJECTIVE: To present the case of simultaneous presentation of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and aged-related macular degeneration (AMD). CASE REPORT: An 83-year-old woman presented with decreased vision in the left eye (LE). In the examination there was an orange peripapillary lesion surrounded by lipid exudates and another subfoveal greyish lesion in the LE. Disciform scarring was observed in the right eye. Fluorescein angiography showed a classic neovascular membrane in in the LE fovea. Indocyanine angiography (ICGA) showed a polyp-like peri-papillary aneurysmal dilation in both eyes. The patient was treated with photodynamic therapy and anti-VEFG injections with stabilisation of the lesions. CONCLUSION: PCV and AMD can co-exist in unusual cases. When PCV is suspected, ICGA is mandatory for diagnosis.

[Benign concentric annular macular dystrophy]. / Distrofia macular anular benigna concéntrica.

CASE REPORT: A case of benign concentric annular macular dystrophy is described. A 32-year-old woman presented with loss of quality in visual acuity. Ophthalmologic examination, fluorescein angiogram, electrophysiologic tests and visual field measurements were performed. DISCUSSION: It is very important to include in the differential diagnosis other dystrophies which present a <> pattern on fluorescein angiography, given that preservation of relatively good visual acuity is a special feature of this disease.

Distrofia macular anular benigna concéntrica / benign concentric annular macular distrophy

Caso clínico: Presentamos un caso clínico de distrofia macular anular benigna concéntrica. Se trata de una mujer de 32 años que se presenta con pérdida de calidad visual. Se realiza exploración oftalmoscópica, angiografía fluoresceínica, pruebas electrofisiológicas y campimetría. Discusión: Es de gran importancia realizar un cuidadoso diagnóstico diferencial con otras distrofias que presenten un patrón angiográfico en «ojo de buey», dado que la conservación de una relativamente buena agudeza visual es una característica señalada de esta enfermedad

Case report: A case of benign concentric annular macular dystrophy is described. A 32-year-old woman presented with loss of quality in visual acuity. Ophthalmologic examination, fluorescein angiogram, electrophysiologic tests and visual field measurements were performed. Discussion: It is very important to include in the differential diagnosis other dystrophies which present a «bull’s eye» pattern on fluorescein angiography, given that preservation of relatively good visual acuity is a special feature of this disease