RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dentistry is one of the unique specialties that deals with both humans and machines. This fact illustrates the strong potential for artificial intelligence (AI) implementation in dentistry, which makes awareness and attitude toward AI an important indicator for the future of this technology in the field. Hence, this scoping review aimed to report the status of awareness and attitude toward AI in dentistry. METHODOLOGY: To ensure the quality and transparency of the present review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) flow chart is reported. Four databases were searched for related topics (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Google Scholar, and Scopus); 1,430 studies were identified, and after screening and filtering, 21 cross-sectional studies were included. RESULTS: Twenty-one cross-sectional studies were included and yielded 7,688 participants. With an average level of 50.31% among all the studies that reported awareness (18 studies). Four subgroups' average levels of awareness toward AI in dentistry were reported: 67.16% among dentists, 42.58% among dental students, 45.56% for studies conducted on both dentists and dental students, and 69.53% for studies reporting awareness of AI in oral radiology. Regarding attitude, out of 13 studies, an average level of 44.13% felt threatened or thought AI would replace them. CONCLUSION: The average level of awareness is in accordance with the attitude toward AI in dentistry. The low levels of awareness are important indicators of the gap formed between the inevitable application of AI and the lack of utilization in the dental field. AI implementation in dental schools' curricula is required since the lowest reported level among subgroups was among dental students.
RESUMO
This in vitro study investigated the extrinsic tooth-whitening effect of bleaching products containing polyphosphates on the dental enamel surface compared to 10% carbamide peroxide (CP). Eighty human molars were randomly allocated into four whitening-products groups. Group A (control) was treated with 10% CP (Opalescence). The other groups with non-CP over-the-counter (OTC) products were group B = polyphosphates (iWhiteWhitening-Kit); group C = polyphosphates+fluoride (iWhite-toothpaste); and group D = sodium bicarbonate (24K-Whitening-Pen). L*, a*, b* color-parameters were spectrophotometer-recorded at baseline (T0), one day (T1), and one month (T2) post-treatment. Changes in teeth color (ΔEab) were calculated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Bonferroni test (α = 0.05). Groups A, B, and D showed significant differences in ΔL*&Δa* parameters at T1, but not in Δb* at T0. Group C showed no difference for ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* at T0 and T1. Group A showed differences for ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, at T2, while groups B, C, and D had no difference in any parameters at T0. At T1, ΔEab values = A > D> B > C (ΔEab = 13.4 > 2.4 > 2.1 > 1.2). At T2, ΔEab values increased = A > B > C > D (ΔEab = 12.2 > 10.6 > 9.2 > 2.4). In conclusion, the 10% CP and Biomimetic polyphosphate extrinsic whitening kit demonstrated the highest color change, while simulated brushing with dark stain toothpaste and a whitening pen demonstrated the lowest color change at both measurement intervals.
