Development and validation of a questionnaire about reasons for academic cheating by nursing students: A cross-sectional study.

Cheating behavior is spreading among nursing students worldwide, necessitating the development of a validated questionnaire evaluating the reasons for such behavior. Nursing students (N = 482) from 2 universities in Saudi Arabia participated in this observational study. A survey containing items on socio-demographics and the 33-item Reasons for Cheating Scale (RCS) was completed by the respondents. The RCS had a 1-factor structure; the model fit indices were similar between the 1-, 2-, and 3-factor models, but the inter-factor correlations were too high for the 2- and 3-factor models. The measures of the quality of the factor score estimates were as follows: factor determinacy index, 0.987; expected a posteriori marginal reliability, 0.974; sensitivity ratio, 6.178; and expected percentage of true differences, 97.3%. The measures of the closeness to unidimensionality for the overall RCS were as follows: unidimensional congruence, 0.957; explained common variance, 0.875; and mean item residual absolute loading, 0.223. The intraclass correlation coefficient and McDonald's omega were 0.96 (CI: 0.93-0.98) and 0.962 (95% CI: 0.958-0.967), respectively. The severity score, infit, and outfit ranged from -0.847 to -2.015, 0.813 to 1.742, and 0.837 to 1.661, respectively. For all RCS items, the thresholds ranked τi1 < τi2 < τi3 < τi4 and showed invariance between the sexes. The RCS showed robust psychometric validity for both classical and item response theory parameters. It also had excellent test-retest reliability, internal consistency, item discrimination, factorial validity, measurement invariance, and ordered threshold level for the responses. Therefore, the RCS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing cheating behavior among nursing students.

The mediating role of attention deficit in relationship between insomnia and social cognition tasks among nurses in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Insomnia-related affective functional disorder may negatively affect social cognition such as empathy, altruism, and attitude toward providing care. No previous studies have ever investigated the mediating role of attention deficit in the relationship between insomnia and social cognition. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 664 nurses (Mage = 33.03 years; SD ± 6.93 years) from December 2020 to September 2021. They completed the Scale of Attitude towards the Patient (SAtP), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), a single-item numeric rating scale assessing the increasing severity of attention complaints, and questions relating to socio-demographic information. The analysis was carried out by examining the mediating role of attention deficit in the relationship between insomnia and social cognition. Results: The prevalence of insomnia symptoms was high (52% insomnia using the AIS). Insomnia was significantly correlated with attention problems (b = 0.18, standard error (SE) = 0.02, p < 0.001). Attention problems were significantly negatively correlated with nurses' attitudes towards patients (b = -0.56, SE = 0.08, p < 0.001), respect for autonomy (b = -0.18, SE = 0.03, p < 0.001), holism (b = -0.14, SE = 0.03, p < 0.001), empathy (b = -0.15, SE = 0.03, p < 0.001), and altruism (b = -0.10, SE = 0.02, p < 0.001). Attention problems indirectly mediated the effect of insomnia on attitudes toward patients (99% CI = -0.10 [-0.16 to -0.05]), respect for autonomy (99% CI = -0.03 [-0.05 to -0.02]), holism (99% CI = -0.02 [-0.04 to -0.01]) empathy (99% CI = -0.03 [-0.04 to -0.01]), and altruism (99% CI = -0.02 [-0.03 to -0.01]). Conclusion: Nurses with insomnia-related attention problems are likely to have poor explicit social cognition such as attitude toward patients, altruism, empathy, respect for autonomy, and holism.

Influence of the Psychological Effect of COVID-19 on Saudi Student Nurses' Attitudes toward Nursing and Their Future Career Plans.

BACKGROUND: The effects of COVID-19 on the attitude of student nurses toward the nursing profession remain unclear because few studies have been conducted on this topic. Thus, this study examines the influence of the psychological effects of COVID-19 on student nurses' attitudes toward the nursing profession and their desire to become nurses. METHOD: The study utilised a quantitative, cross-sectional, and observational design. It surveyed a convenience sample of 726 student nurses in Saudi Arabia during the first semester of the 2021-2022 academic year. RESULTS: The students reported low levels of COVID-19 fear, anxiety, stress, phobia, and obsession. The students reported positive attitudes toward the nursing profession and 86.0% highlighted their desire to continue with nursing as their future profession. Gender, knowing someone infected with COVID-19, confidence in the government's pandemic response, fear, anxiety, and phobia were significant predictors of the nurses' attitudes. Community, family members in the profession, "COVID-19-related anxiety", and "preference for the nursing profession" were significant predictors of the student's desire to continue nursing. CONCLUSIONS: Living in a rural community, having family members in the nursing profession, having low levels of COVID-19-related anxiety, and having positive attitudes toward nursing increased the likelihood of nursing students continuing their nursing careers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

An integrative review of negative emotions of older adults in later life.

BACKGROUND: Older adults are one of the most vulnerable populations requiring scientific, psychological, and clinical attention. Although several studies have explored psychoemotional needs in later life, one critical gap in the literature is a shortage of studies comprehensively reviewing negative emotional experiences and their antecedents associated with later life. AIM: This integrative review aims to identify negative emotional experiences during older adult years. METHODS: This review of articles from Medline, CINAHL, Science Direct, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Taylor and Francis synthesized negative emotional experiences during older adult years. Across these six electronic databases, we searched and identified 17 relevant articles from 2005 to 2020 containing quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies. RESULTS: Based on the review, we identified five negative emotions (sadness, anxiety, frustration, anger, and loneliness). These negative emotions were rooted in marital problems, separation from families, medical problems, physical functioning and disability, and financial limitations. Additionally, we identified common antecedents of negative emotions. CONCLUSION: At the center of numerous interventions, older adults are reinvigorated to understand the antecedents of negative emotions. The complex array of emotions, specifically regrets and frustration in later life, is depicted by more negativity than positivity. Such array of emotions could help develop strategies to prevent the causes of regret and frustration that nurses see when working with older adults in a clinical practice setting.

Psychometric Validation of the Athens Insomnia Scale Among Nurses: A Robust Approach Using Both Classical Theory and Rating Scale Model Parameters.

Purpose: Few studies have investigated the validity of the Athens insomnia scale (AIS) using a robust approach of both classical theory and the rating scale model. Therefore, in this study, we investigated psychometric validation of the AIS using both of these approaches in nurses. Methods: Nurses (n= 563, age= 33.2±7.1 years) working in health facilities in Saudi Arabia participated in a cross-sectional study. Participants completed the AIS, socio-demographics tool, and sleep health-related questions. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) favored a 2-factor structure with both comparative fit index (CFI), and incremental fit index (IFI) having values above 0.95. The 2-factor model had the lowest values of Akaike information criterion (AIC), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), χ 2, and χ 2/df. This 2-factor structure showed configural invariance (CFI more than 0.95, RMSEA less than 0.08, and Χ2/df less than 3), and metric, scalar, and strict invariance (based on Δ CFI ≤-0.01, and Δ RMSEA ≥ 0.015 criteria). No ceiling/floor effects were seen for the AIS total scores. Infit and outfit mean square values for all the items were within the acceptable range (<1.4, >0.6). The threshold estimates for each item were ordered as expected. Cronbach's α for the AIS tool, factor-1 score, factor-2 score was 0.86, 0.82, and 0.72, respectively. AIS factor scores-1/2 were significantly associated with a habitual feeling of tiredness after usual night sleep (p<0.001), Impairment of daytime socio-occupational functioning (p<0.05), and with a feeling of daytime fatigue, irritability, and restlessness (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings favor the validity of a 2-factor structure of the AIS with adequate item properties, convergent validity, and reliability in nurses.

Nursing care toward older adults with dementia: An integrative review.

BACKGROUND: Dementia among older adults is receiving increase attention due to its neurodegenerative pathologies and poses a significant challenge for healthcare services systems. Caring for older adults with dementia is frequently challenging. This integrative review appraised and synthesised the existing literature describing the nursing care given to older adults with dementia. METHODS: An integrative review was used using six electronic databases (CINAHL, Medline, Science direct-Elsevier, Proquest, Pubmed and Web of Science). The search terms that were included in various combinations using mesh terms were as follows: nurse* OR nursing staff* AND caring OR care OR caring behavior OR affectionate OR compassionate AND older person* OR aging* OR elder* OR geriatric patient* OR older adult* OR gerontology* OR aged* OR old age. A standardised review by Kmet et al. instrument was utilised for appraising the quality of selected 13 articles. RESULTS: The results were presented based on the two major themes: challenges in providing care and identifying and managing older adults' difficult behaviours. CONCLUSION: The findings of an integrative review can be used as a foundation for formulating recommendations for how dementia care by nurses can be improved and highlighting where policy development and further research are needed.

Saudi Arabian nurses' workaholic tendencies and their predictive role in professional quality of life.

PURPOSE: To determine whether nurses' workaholic tendencies and demographic variables predict their professional quality of life. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design was utilized among 427 Saudi nurses which conveniently selected in four tertiary public hospitals in Saudi Arabia. FINDINGS: Nurses' have higher workaholic tendencies level and moderate professional quality of life levels. Working more than 40 h per week correlates with one's risk of workaholism. Certain professional quality of life subscales is associated with gender, marital status, hospital experience, and work addiction tendencies. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The present study contributes to the development of new clinical practices by enlightening readers of the implications of workaholism for nurses' professional quality of life, so that this can be addressed and managed properly.

Anxiety Symptoms Are Associated With Higher Psychological Stress, Poor Sleep, and Inadequate Sleep Hygiene in Collegiate Young Adults-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Anxiety symptoms, stress, poor sleep, and inadequate sleep hygiene are common in university students and these affect their learning and increase attrition. However, limited knowledge exists about the inter-relationship between these factors among university students in low-middle income countries. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and their relationship with sleep quality, sleep hygiene practices, and psychological stress. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a randomly selected sample of students in Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, which included questions about socio-demographics, socio-economic factors, the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire-Mizan, Sleep hygiene index, Perceived stress scale-10 (PSS-10), and Generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale (GAD-7). Results: The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was about 22%. Multivariate regression analysis showed that both anxiety status χ2[(13, N = 480) = 82.68, p < 0.001], and increasing levels of anxiety (model adjusted R2 = 0.204, p < 0.001) were associated with greater psychological stress, inadequate sleep hygiene practices, and poor sleep quality scores after adjusting for age, gender, attendance, substance use, years of university education, time spent in athletic activity every day, and frequency of tea/coffee consumption. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of anxiety symptoms in this study population, and this condition was associated with psychological stress, poor sleep, and inadequate sleep hygiene parameters. These results suggest a need to address the various aspects of mental health and its diverse sleep correlates in university students.

Suicide among adolescents and youths during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns: A press media reports-based exploratory study.

PROBLEM: Suicide incidences among adolescents and youths during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdowns have been reported across the world. However, no studies have been carried out to investigate cumulative nature, patterns, and causative factors of such suicide incidences. METHODS: A purposive sampling of Google news between 15 February and 6 July was performed. After excluding duplicate reports, the final list comprised a total of 37-suicide cases across 11 countries. FINDINGS: More male suicides were reported (21-cases, i.e., 56.76%), and the mean age of the total victims was 16.6 ± 2.7 years (out of a total of 29 cases). About two-thirds of the suicides were from three countries named India (11-cases), UK (8-cases), and the USA (6-cases). Out of 23-student victims, 14 were school-going students. Hanging was the most common suicide method accounting in 51.4% of cases. The most common suicide causalities were related to mental sufferings such as depression, loneliness, psychological distress, and so forth, whereas either online schooling or overwhelming academic distress was placed as the second most suicide stressors followed by TikTok addiction-related psychological distress, and tested with the COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of the temporal distribution of suicides concerning lockdowns may help in exploring and evolving public measures to prevent/decrease pandemic-related suicides in young people.

Nurses' competency in Saudi Arabian healthcare context: A cross-sectional correlational study.

AIM: To measure the competence and characteristics of nurses in Saudi Arabia delivering health care with significant correlations. DESIGN: A cross-sectional correlational study. METHODS: Data were collected in 2019 using a standardized questionnaire, Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses (CIRN), that included a purposive sample of 621 nurses working in Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: A positive evaluation of nurses' overall core competency components is recognizably measured with greater competency levels in their workplace, scoring highest in "legal/ethical practice" while "critical thinking and research aptitude" represented the lowest dimension. Nurses' marital status, years of graduation, length of service, duty hours and nurse-patient ratio affect their competency level. Nurses' competence and their sociodemographic characteristics are significantly correlated attributes. Medical ward nurses are likely to have the greatest competence in delivering safe nursing care within training's legal borders.

Barriers in performing physical assessment among nursing students: An integrative review.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify barriers in performing physical assessments among nursing students through integrative review study. METHODS: The literature were searched in Medline, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Taylor & Francis Online using the descriptors barrier, physical assessment, nursing student et al. Only English-language and peer-reviewed journal articles were included, and there were no year restrictions. RESULTS: Twelve articles were selected for review. Two aspects were extracted: the barriers included personal challenges, challenges related to nursing education, challenges related to clinical practice; establishing competency-based education learning as a method to reduce physical assessment barriers. Student competencies and experiences were influenced by various factors that collectively hindered their successful performance of physical assessments. CONCLUSIONS: The review findings provide valuable insights into the complex issues involved in the performance of physical assessments and guidance for improvement in practice. A collaborative effort should be made to address the issues often faced by nursing students in performing routine physical assessments. Also, more constructive and competency-based teaching methods should be integrated into academic and clinical settings.

The Compassion Competence Scale Arabic version: A validation study among student nurses and interns in Saudi Arabia.

AIM: The aim of this study is to assess the validity and reliability of the Compassion Competence Scale Arabic version for Saudi nursing students and interns. BACKGROUND: Compassion is an essential element of quality health care in which training nursing students to deliver compassionate care is important. Assessment of compassion competence of Arabic-speaking nursing students requires a valid and reliable tool. DESIGN: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. METHODS: This investigation was conducted from April to May 2019 in two universities in Saudi Arabia involving nursing students and interns. Cultural adaptation was performed using a forward-backward translation method. Content validity and construct validity through exploratory factor analysis were established. Internal consistency, stability and reliability were also determined for the scale. RESULTS: The Arabic version has an excellent content validity. The exploratory factor analysis supported a three-factor solution that accounts for 50.62% of the scale's variance. The Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.806, whereas the Cronbach's alpha of the subscales ranged from 0.739 to 0.797. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the two-week test-retest scores was 0.84. The university, gender, year level and family type predicted the students' compassion competence. CONCLUSION: The Arabic version can be used to measure Arabic-speaking nursing students' compassion competence in clinical areas.

Challenges of nurses and care management of depressed older adults: a narrative literature review.

BACKGROUND: The number of older adults with depression has increased in recent years. In relation to this, conducting a narrative review helps provide a better understanding of the adaptive functioning of depressed older adults and the significance of interventions in reducing depression. This narrative review investigates the nurses' management of depressed older adult patients. It also presents a detailed investigation of the barriers preventing nurses from successfully implementing nursing care for older adults. METHODS: A narrative literature review was performed on four electronic databases, namely, (i) Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, (ii) Pubmed, (iii) PsycINFO and (iv) Taylor and Francis. English language and peer-reviewed journal articles were included. RESULTS: A total of 19 articles were selected for the review, and four main themes were generated: (i) the challenges in implementing depression care management, (ii) the role of social support in depression treatment, (iii) the pharmacological management approach and (iv) the health care management process. CONCLUSION: Nurses experience several challenges in implementing depression care management. The role of social support in the treatment of depression, pharmacological management and different types of health care management strategies all provide solutions for depressed older adults. The review findings provide insights for improving health care nursing services for depressed older adults and reducing the negative health outcomes in this population.

Perception of E-Resources on the Learning Process among Students in the College of Health Sciences in King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, during the (COVID-19) Outbreak.

AIM: to assess the impact of e-learning through different e-resources among health sciences students. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional design was conducted among health science students (n = 211; 134 female and 77 male) at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. The data was collected using a previously used structured questionnaire to assess the impact of e-resources on learning. RESULTS: The four most frequently used e-resources were: Zoom (38%), YouTube (31%), Google applications (29%), and Blackboard (27%). More than one-third of the students (35%) reportedly used e-resources for three or more hours daily. The majority of the students (55.9%) recognized a gender-related and age-related difference among faculty members in terms of e-resources usage. The majority of the students (58.2%) believe that online resources recommended by faculty members were credible. The majority of students believed that their academic performance was primarily influenced by these features of the e-resources: organization/logic of the content (64.5%), the credibility of the video (64.5%), and up to date "look and feel" of the video (60.6%). The study identified the most frequently used e-resources, gender, and age-related differences in faculty members' use of e-resources, students' overwhelming reliance on faculty feedback regarding the credibility of e-resources, and three most important characteristics (organization, credibility, and updated status) of e-resources. CONCLUSION: e-learning resources had a significant impact on participating students' education as they were used very frequently during their health sciences' courses.

Obstructive sleep apnea screening in young people: Psychometric validation of a shortened version of the STOP-BANG questionnaire using categorical data methods.

BACKGROUND: The STOP-BANG is an easily administrable questionnaire for the screening of obstructive sleep apnea in adults, which may be adapted for use by young people. Here, we assessed the psychometric properties of the STOP-BN, a shortened version of the STOP-BANG questionnaire, using categorical data methods. METHODS: Four hundred and three young people (age 20.71 ± 1.93 years) were selected by random sampling to participate in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed the STOP-BN, a tool for recording social and demographic characteristics, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), a measure of daytime sleepiness. The obtained data were analyzed using categorical data methods. RESULTS: A two-factor model was identified for the STOP-BN, using the Kaiser's criteria (eigenvalue >1) and the screen test. However, the parallel analysis based on minimum rank, and the cumulative variance criteria (>40%) identified an one-factor model. Factor loadings ranged from 0.364 to 0.745. The identified two-factor model showed acceptable fit as the reported goodness of fit index and weighted root mean square residual were in the ideal range, and the comparative fit index was close to the ideal range. Greatest lower bound to reliability for two factors of the STOP-BN was 0.67 and 0.67, indicating an acceptable internal consistency. A weak to a nonsignificant correlation between the ESS and the STOP-BN score was demonstrated, favoring STOP-BN's divergent validity. CONCLUSION: Categorical methods support the psychometric validity of the STOP-BN in the study population.

Insomnia Symptoms and Their Association with Anxiety and Poor Sleep Hygiene Practices Among Ethiopian University Students.

OBJECTIVE: There is a paucity of research evidence available regarding the impact of anxiety and sleep hygiene on insomnia and related sleep complaints among collegiate students in lower-income countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate if insomnia and insomnia-related sleep complaints are associated with anxiety, age, and sleep hygiene practices among a sample of university students in Ethiopia. DESIGN MEASURES SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The participants were young adults (n=525; mean age 21.5 ± 3.0 years; mean BMI of 20.7 ± 2.7kg/m2). Young collegiate adults at Mizan-Tepi University in southwestern Ethiopia were randomly selected to participate in this cross-sectional study. The measures included the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire-Mizan (LSEQ-M), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7), and the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI). Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression, and multiple linear regressions were used. RESULTS: Insomnia was associated with young age group (≤25 years) (odds ratio (OR) = 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-4.66), higher GAD-7 (anxiety) (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.0-1.10) and SHI (poor sleep hygiene) (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.26) scores. All four insomnia-related sleep complaints were associated with increasing GAD-7 scores, as well as higher SHI scores (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Insomnia was associated with younger age group (≤25 years), higher anxiety level, and poor sleep hygiene. Four major sleep complaints in insomnia, ie, sleep onset problems, poor sleep quality, awakening problems, and daytime disturbances, were all associated with higher anxiety levels and poor sleep hygiene.

Psychometric Properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale Among Saudi University Male Students.

BACKGROUND: Various screening tools have been designed and developed to identify individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The current study aimed to assess the psychometric validation of the GAD-7 in Saudi university male students. METHODS: Healthy university male students (n= 192) participated in this cross-sectional study. All the participants were informed about the study details. Participants were asked to complete the GAD-7, the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and demographic details. RESULTS: In general, the range of the GAD total score was 0-21. There was no issue of the ceiling or floor effects as only 12.5% of participants reported the minimum score of 0, and none of the participants reported the maximum score of 21. The internal consistency score of the GAD-7 was found to be good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.83). The internal homogeneity between item scores was 0.22-0.57 as indicated by the "Spearman correlation coefficient (r)". The total scores and individual item scores of the GAD-7 were statistically associated with the PSS total score (correlation coefficient r = 0.21-0.37), and scores of the 8th and 13th item of the SHI (correlation coefficient r = 0.17-0.26, and 0.21-0.40, respectively). The exploratory factor and confirmatory factor loadings of the GAD-7 items were ranged from 0.60 to 0.81 and 0.51 to 0.80, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study supported the use of the GAD-7 to assess the anxiety level among Saudi university students.

Leeds sleep evaluation questionnaire in Jordanian university students. A psychometric investigation using comparative confirmatory factor analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the fit of different competing factor models (a one-factor model, 3 2-factor models, and 2 4-factor models) of the Leeds sleep evaluation questionnaire (LSEQ) in the data from a Jordanian student population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on university students, with 2 sleep-related tools - the LSEQ and the sleep hygiene index (SHI). The students (n=166) at Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan participated in this study from January-April, 2019. A total of 12 LSEQ models (6 models with all 10-items, and 6 models with one item deleted) were evaluated by using confirmatory factor analysis. The summary statistics of correlation coefficients, descriptive measures of item analysis, the model fit, and Cronbach's alpha were determined. RESULTS: The findings show that a 4-factor correlated solution was a plausible model for the LSEQ with 9-items, compared to a one-factor, 2-factor, and other 4-factor variant models. The deletion of one item from the original LSEQ improved the data fit significantly in the studied population. Moreover, correlation analysis between the LSEQ and SHI confirmed the divergent validity of the LSEQ. CONCLUSION: The results support the validity of a 4-factor structure of the LSEQ with 9-items with adequate internal consistency and divergent validity.

Factors affecting nurses' intention to leave their current jobs in Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE: It is known that job satisfaction and quality of life influence nurses' intention to resign from their jobs. However, health-care systems should examine all the possible factors that contribute to nurse turnover to retain them for the long term. To this purpose, this study further explores the aspects that affect the intention of nurses who work in Saudi Arabia to leave their current jobs. METHODS: A sample of 318 staff nurses working in two public hospitals in Saudi Arabia was surveyed in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was used to assess job satisfaction, stress, quality of life, and intention of recruited nurses to leave their current jobs. Data were collected between April and May 2018. RESULTS: Quality of life dimensions, such as physical and psychological health, predict nurses' intention to resign from their current workplaces. We found that being single or of Filipino or Indian origin, working in the medical and surgical department, or having a low monthly gross salary is correlated with a high intention to leave. CONCLUSION: The results present a unique theoretical underpinning that expands on the previous knowledge and literature on the factors that affect nurses' intent to leave their organizations. The findings of this study can be used as a guide to establish human resource policies toward satisfying nurses' needs and improving job satisfaction and quality of life to promote retention.

Migraine screen questionnaire: further psychometric evidence from categorical data methods.

BACKGROUND: Psychometric investigations of tools used in the screening of migraine including the migraine screen questionnaire (MS-Q), using an adequate statistical approach is needed. We assessed the psychometric properties of the migraine screen questionnaire (MS-Q) using categorical data methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 343 students at Mizan-Tepi University, Ethiopia, age range = 18-35 years were selected by a simple random sampling method to participate in a cross-sectional study. The respondents completed the MS-Q, a semi-structured socio-demographic questionnaire, and a visual analog scale for attention (VAS-A). RESULTS: The cumulative variance rule (> 40%), the Kaiser's criteria (Eigenvalue> 1), the Scree test and, the parallel analysis (minimum rank) identified a 1-factor model for the MS-Q with the factor loadings in the range of 0.78 to 0.84. Fit indices favored a 1-factor model of the MS-Q as indicated by comparative fit index (0.993), weighted root mean square residual (0.048), root mean square error of approximation (0.067), the goodness of fit index (1.00), and non-normed fit index (0.987). The values of the Factor Determinacy Index (0.953), marginal reliability (0.909), H-latent (0.909), H-observed (0.727), explained common variance (0.906) and the mean item residual absolute loadings (0.225) further complimented finding of the 1-Factor model. McDonald's Omega (0.903) suggested adequate internal consistency. Discriminative validity was supported by significantly higher scores for the total and all the MS-Q items except one among those with complaints of attention. CONCLUSION: The categorical methods support the psychometric validity of the MS-Q in the study population.