Mortality in sea lions is associated with the introduction of the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus in Brazil October 2023: whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.

Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus was detected in the South American sea lions found dead in Santa Catarina, Brazil, in October 2023. Whole genome sequencing and comparative phylogenetic analysis were conducted to investigate the origin, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potentials of the H5N1 viruses. The H5N1 viruses belonged to the genotype B3.2 of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus, which was identified in North America and disseminated to South America. They have acquired new amino acid substitutions related to mammalian host affinity. Our study provides insights into the genetic landscape of HPAI H5N1 viruses in Brazil, highlighting the continuous evolutionary processes contributing to their possible adaptation to mammalian hosts.

Pathological fracture induced by Halicephalobus gingivalis (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in a horse limb.

Halicephalobus gingivalis is a free-living nematode that occasionally causes infections in horses. We report a rare case of limb fracture of horse caused by infection with H. gingivalis. An 8-year-old mare was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Lavras with claudication grade 5 of the right hind limb, that had been started 3 months ago. The patient had aseptic arthritis in the tarsal joint and edema that extended to the quartile. The radiographic examination showed punctate osteolysis with exacerbation of bone trabeculation along the calcaneus, talus, proximal epiphysis of the third metatarsal and distal epiphysis of the tibia. Treatment for arthritis was initiated, and the animal showed a slight improvement in limb function. However, 21 days after hospitalization, due to a comminuted fracture of the tibia, it was euthanized. At necropsy, yellowish masses were found from the metatarsal to the tibia, and around the tarsal bones and joint. Similar masses were also found in the left kidney. Numerous nematodes compatible with H. gingivalis were identified. This is the first description of a pathological fracture caused by H. gingivalis infection in an equine limb.

Autosomal Dominant STAT6 Gain of Function Causes Severe Atopy Associated with Lymphoma.

The transcription factor STAT6 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6) is a key regulator of Th2 (T-helper 2) mediated allergic inflammation via the IL-4 (interleukin-4) JAK (Janus kinase)/STAT signalling pathway. We identified a novel heterozygous germline mutation STAT6 c.1255G > C, p.D419H leading to overactivity of IL-4 JAK/STAT signalling pathway, in a kindred affected by early-onset atopic dermatitis, food allergy, eosinophilic asthma, anaphylaxis and follicular lymphoma. STAT6 D419H expression and functional activity were compared with wild type STAT6 in transduced HEK293T cells and to healthy control primary skin fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We observed consistently higher STAT6 levels at baseline and higher STAT6 and phosphorylated STAT6 following IL-4 stimulation in D419H cell lines and primary cells compared to wild type controls. The pSTAT6/STAT6 ratios were unchanged between D419H and control cells suggesting that elevated pSTAT6 levels resulted from higher total basal STAT6 expression. The selective JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib reduced pSTAT6 levels in D419H HEK293T cells and patient PBMC. Nuclear staining demonstrated increased STAT6 in patient fibroblasts at baseline and both STAT6 and pSTAT6 after IL-4 stimulation. We also observed higher transcriptional upregulation of downstream genes (XBP1 and EPAS1) in patient PBMC. Our study confirms STAT6 gain of function (GOF) as a novel monogenetic cause of early onset atopic disease. The clinical association of lymphoma in our kindred, along with previous data linking somatic STAT6 D419H mutations to follicular lymphoma suggest that patients with STAT6 GOF disease may be at higher risk of lymphomagenesis.245 words.

Biallelic deleterious germline SH2B3 variants cause a novel syndrome of myeloproliferation and multi-organ autoimmunity.

SH2B3 is a negative regulator of multiple cytokine receptor signalling pathways in haematopoietic tissue. To date, a single kindred has been described with germline biallelic loss-of-function SH2B3 variants characterized by early onset developmental delay, hepatosplenomegaly and autoimmune thyroiditis/hepatitis. Herein, we described two further unrelated kindreds with germline biallelic loss-of-function SH2B3 variants that show striking phenotypic similarity to each other as well as to the previous kindred of myeloproliferation and multi-organ autoimmunity. One proband also suffered severe thrombotic complications. CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of zebrafish sh2b3 created assorted deleterious variants in F0 crispants, which manifest significantly increased number of macrophages and thrombocytes, partially replicating the human phenotype. Treatment of the sh2b3 crispant fish with ruxolitinib intercepted this myeloproliferative phenotype. Skin-derived fibroblasts from one patient demonstrated increased phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT5 after stimulation with IL-3, GH, GM-CSF and EPO compared to healthy controls. In conclusion, these additional probands and functional data in combination with the previous kindred provide sufficient evidence for biallelic homozygous deleterious variants in SH2B3 to be considered a valid gene-disease association for a clinical syndrome of bone marrow myeloproliferation and multi-organ autoimmune manifestations.

Determination of settled dust sources by analytical techniques and chemical mass balance receptor model.

The identification of sources that produce particulate atmospheric matter (PM) can be of paramount importance for the reduction of air pollution and the development of environmental policies. In order to identify the environmental impact resulting from industrial metallurgical activities in the Metropolitan Region of Vitória, ES, Brazil, it was investigated the contribution to PM that result from industrial activities and from local natural sources. For this purpose, analytical techniques were used to identify the apportionment of sources that contribute to the formation of insoluble settled dust collected at two points near the city of Vitória. Samples of soil, iron ore, limestone, coal, iron ore pellets, sinter, coke, slag, environmental samples of settled dust, and samples representative of the actual flows of materials used in an integrated steel mill were analyzed. Physicochemical characterizations, based on X-ray diffraction and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy of ferruginous compounds found in sources and receptor samples, revealed the presence of highly crystallized hematite and low crystallized hematite. The latter is primarily found in soil samples, while well-crystallized hematite is found in natural samples from iron ores or after thermo-chemical processes applied during the industrial transformation of raw materials, as it happens during the production of pellets. Ferrous crystallographic forms α-FeOOH and Fe5HO8·4H2O, observed in environmental and soil samples, were also found in samples from industrial sources. Source apportionment of carbon based on the IMPROVE_A protocol for thermal/optical carbon analysis showed the participation of the elementary carbon fractions, separating contributions originated from coke and coal sources in the environmental samples. These results allowed a significant reduction of collinearity between source profiles in the application of the chemical mass balance receptor model "EPA-CMB8.2" receptor model. Consequently, it was possible to distinguish sources that process mainly ferrous and carbonaceous materials, identifying the contribution of different sources to the settled dust collected.

Melanoma Maligno Primário do Colo do Útero: Um Relato de Caso Raro / Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Uterine Cervix: Rare Case Report

O melanoma cervical primário é um diagnóstico raro e frequentemente desafiador, especialmente na presença de lesões amelanóticas, cuja confirmação deve ser feita por métodos imuno-histoquímicos. Apesar do tratamento agressivo, o prognóstico para essa doença costuma ser ruim. Relato do caso: Mulher, 79 anos, com histórico de sangramento vaginal decorrente de uma lesão cervical maligna. Inicialmente, a colposcopia revelou uma lesão ulcerada no exocérvix e a biópsia confirmou ser um tumor maligno. No entanto, após uma histerectomia abdominal radical, o exame histopatológico mostrou tratar-se de uma neoplasia maligna epitelioide, confirmada como um melanoma maligno do colo do útero por meio de exame imuno-histoquímico. A paciente recebeu quimioterapia adjuvante e radioterapia, mas eventualmente apresentou recorrência e veio a óbito. Conclusão: O presente relato avalia uma paciente com um diagnóstico incomum de melanoma cervical que, apesar do tratamento agressivo, teve um desfecho desfavorável. No entanto, uma vigilância cutânea minuciosa deve ser realizada para diagnosticá-lo corretamente como primário.

Primary cervical melanoma is a rare and often challenging diagnosis, particularly in the presence of amelanotic lesions, where confirmation should be made through immunohistochemical methods. Despite aggressive treatment, the prognosis for this disease is typically poor. Case Report: A 79-year-old woman with a history of vaginal bleeding from a malignant cervical lesion. Initially, colposcopy examination revealed an ulcerated lesion of the exocervix, and biopsy confirmed a malignant neoplasm. However, following a radical abdominal hysterectomy, histopathological examination displayed a malignant epithelioid neoplasm, confirmed a malignant melanoma of the cervix through immunohistochemical assays. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy, but eventually experienced recurrence and died. Conclusion: The present report assesses a patient with an uncommon diagnosis of cervical melanoma, which, despite aggressive treatment, had an unfavorable outcome. However, thorough skin surveillance should be performed to correctly diagnose it as primary

Use of N-acetylcysteine as treatment adjuvant regulates immune response in visceral leishmaniasis: Pilot clinical trial and in vitro experiments.

This investigation aimed to assess the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an adjuvant treatment to alleviate visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The present work includes both blinded randomized clinical intervention and experimental in vitro studies. The clinical trial included 60 patients with VL randomly allocated into two groups: a test group (n = 30) treated with meglumine antimoniate plus NAC (SbV + NAC) and a control group (n = 30) treated with meglumine antimoniate only (SbV). The primary outcome was clinical cure (absence of fever, spleen and liver sizes reduction, and hematological improvement) in 180 days. The cure rate did not differ between the groups; both groups had similar results in all readout indices. The immunological parameters of the patients treated with SbV + NAC showed higher sCD40L in sera during treatment, and the levels of sCD40L were negatively correlated with Interleukin-10 (IL-10) serum levels. In addition, data estimation showed a negative correlation between the sCD40L levels and the spleen size in patients with VL. For the in vitro experiments, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or PBMC-derived macrophages from healthy donors were exposed to soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA) or infected with stationary promastigotes of Leishmania infantum in the presence or absence of NAC. Results revealed that NAC treatment of SLA-stimulated PBMCs reduces the frequency of monocytes producing IL-10 and lowers the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing (pro-)inflammatory cytokines. Together, these results suggest that NAC treatment may modulate the immune response in patients with VL, thus warranting additional investigations to support its case use as an adjuvant to antimony therapy for VL.

Therapeutic gene editing of T cells to correct CTLA-4 insufficiency.

Heterozygous mutations in CTLA-4 result in an inborn error of immunity with an autoimmune and frequently severe clinical phenotype. Autologous T cell gene therapy may offer a cure without the immunological complications of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Here, we designed a homology-directed repair (HDR) gene editing strategy that inserts the CTLA-4 cDNA into the first intron of the CTLA-4 genomic locus in primary human T cells. This resulted in regulated expression of CTLA-4 in CD4+ T cells, and functional studies demonstrated CD80 and CD86 transendocytosis. Gene editing of T cells isolated from three patients with CTLA-4 insufficiency also restored CTLA-4 protein expression and rescued transendocytosis of CD80 and CD86 in vitro. Last, gene-corrected T cells from CTLA-4-/- mice engrafted and prevented lymphoproliferation in an in vivo murine model of CTLA-4 insufficiency. These results demonstrate the feasibility of a therapeutic approach using T cell gene therapy for CTLA-4 insufficiency.

Partial human Janus kinase 1 deficiency predominantly impairs responses to interferon gamma and intracellular control of mycobacteria.

Purpose: Janus kinase-1 (JAK1) tyrosine kinase mediates signaling from multiple cytokine receptors, including interferon alpha/beta and gamma (IFN-α/ß and IFN-γ), which are important for viral and mycobacterial protection respectively. We previously reported autosomal recessive (AR) hypomorphic JAK1 mutations in a patient with recurrent atypical mycobacterial infections and relatively minor viral infections. This study tests the impact of partial JAK1 deficiency on cellular responses to IFNs and pathogen control. Methods: We investigated the role of partial JAK1 deficiency using patient cells and cell models generated with lentiviral vectors expressing shRNA. Results: Partial JAK1 deficiency impairs IFN-γ-dependent responses in multiple cell types including THP-1 macrophages, Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-transformed B cells and primary dermal fibroblasts. In THP-1 myeloid cells, partial JAK1 deficiency reduced phagosome acidification and apoptosis and resulted in defective control of mycobacterial infection with enhanced intracellular survival. Although both EBV-B cells and primary dermal fibroblasts with partial JAK1 deficiency demonstrate reduced IFN-α responses, control of viral infection was impaired only in patient EBV-B cells and surprisingly intact in patient primary dermal fibroblasts. Conclusion: Our data suggests that partial JAK1 deficiency predominantly affects susceptibility to mycobacterial infection through impact on the IFN-γ responsive pathway in myeloid cells. Susceptibility to viral infections as a result of reduced IFN-α responses is variable depending on cell type. Description of additional patients with inherited JAK1 deficiency will further clarify the spectrum of bacterial and viral susceptibility in this condition. Our results have broader relevance for anticipating infectious complications from the increasing use of selective JAK1 inhibitors.

Intervenção educativa sobre prevenção de lesão por pressão: relato de experiência / Educational intervention on prevention of pressure injury: experience report / Intervención educativa sobre prevención de lesiones por presión: informe de experiencia

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de intervenção educativa sobre prevenção de lesão por pressão com profissionais de enfermagem na terapia intensiva. Métodos: Relato de experiência, desenvolvido durante intervenção educativa com 91 profissionais de enfermagem de seis unidades de terapia intensiva na região nordeste, no período de setembro a outubro de 2018, após aprovação ética pelo parecer 2.495.293. Resultados: A intervenção educativa foi pautada na Teoria Construtivista da Aprendizagem Significativa e enfatizou as novas diretrizes da National Pressure Ulcer Advory Painel e discussão de casos clínicos. Realizaram-se 18 encontros de curta duração com participação de 29 enfermeiros e 62 técnicos de enfermagem. Conclusão: A intervenção educativa foi positiva para trabalhar a temática prevenção de lesão por pressão com profissionais de enfermagem. (AU)

Objective: To report the experience of educational intervention on pressure injury prevention with nursing professionals in intensive care. Methods: Experience report, developed in six intensive care units in the northeast region, from September to October 2018, after ethical approval, opinion 2.495.293. Results: The educational intervention was based on the Constructivist Theory of Meaningful Learning and emphasized the new guidelines of the National Pressure Ulcer Advory Panel and discussion of clinical cases. 18 short meetings were held with the participation of 29 nurses and 62 nursing technicians. Conclusion: The educational intervention was positive to work on the prevention of pressure injuries with nursing professionals. (AU)

Objetivo: Informar la experiencia de intervención educativa sobre prevención de lesiones por presión con profesionales de enfermería en cuidados intensivos. Metodos: Informe de experiencia, desarrollado en seis unidades de cuidados intensivos en la región noreste, de septiembre a octubre de 2018, después de la aprobación ética, opinión 2.495.293. Resultados: La intervención educativa se basó en la Teoría Constructivista del Aprendizaje Significativo y enfatizó las nuevas pautas del Panel Asesor Nacional sobre Úlceras por Presión y la discusión de casos clínicos. Se realizaron 18 reuniones cortas con la participación de 29 enfermeras y 62 técnicos de enfermería. Conclusión: La intervención educativa fue positiva para trabajar en la prevención de lesiones por presión con profesionales de enfermería. (AU)

Procedimentos cirúrgicos na pandemia de COVID-19: revisão integrativa / Surgical procedures in the COVID-19 pandemic: integrative review / Procedimientos quirúrgicos en la pandemia de COVID-19: revisión integrativa

Objetivo: Sumarizar a produção científica sobre procedimentos cirúrgicos durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Revisão integrativa, realizada entre setembro a novembro de 2020, nas bases de dados PubMed, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Literatura LatinoAmericana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), por meio do cruzamento dos descritores: "coronavírus and perioperative care"; "coronavírus and operating room nursing"; "perioperative care and operating room nursing", correlacionados pelo operador booleano "and". Identificaram-se 858 artigos, 15 contemplaram a amostra. Aplicou-se o nível de evidência científica. Resultados: Destacam-se publicações com aplicação de métodos entre recomendações clínicas, relatos de casos e estudos observacionais, com nível de evidência VI, indexadas nas bases de dados PubMed, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE). As publicações trazem recomendações acerca da gestão de procedimentos cirúrgicos, recursos humanos e materiais para o funcionamento do centro cirúrgico durante a pandemia. Conclusão: Ressalta-se a possibilidade de limitar os procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos, com acesso aos testes rápidos e à efetividade na proteção dos profissionais.

Objective: To summarize the scientific production on surgical procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This is an integrative review conducted between September and November 2020 in the following databases: PubMed, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde ­ LILACS), and Nursing Database (Base de Dados em Enfermagem ­ BDENF); combining the descriptors: "coronavirus and perioperative care"; "coronavirus and operating room nursing"; "perioperative care and operating room nursing", connected by the Boolean operator "AND". We retrieved 858 articles and included 15 in the sample. The level of scientific evidence was applied. Results: The publications had methods such as clinical recommendations, case reports, and observational studies, with level of evidence VI, indexed in the PubMed, LILACS, and MEDLINE databases. The articles provide recommendations on the management of surgical procedures, human resources, and materials for the working of the surgical center during the pandemic. Conclusions: We highlight the possibility of limiting elective surgical procedures, with access to rapid tests and effectiveness in protecting professionals.

Objetivo: Resumir la producción científica sobre procedimientos quirúrgicos durante la Pandemia del COVID-19. Método: Revisión integradora, realizada entre septiembre y noviembre de 2020, en las bases de datos PubMed, MEDLINE, LILACS y BDENF, mediante cruce de los descriptores "Coronavirus y Cuidado Perioperatorio"; "Coronavirus y Enfermería de Quirófano"; "Cuidados Perioperatorios y Enfermería de Quirófano", correlacionado por el operador booleano "y". Se identificaron 858 artículos, 15 en la muestra. Se aplicó el nivel de evidencia científica. Resultados: Se destacan las publicaciones con aplicación de métodos entre recomendaciones clínicas, reportes de casos y estudios observacionales, con nivel de evidencia VI, indexadas en bases de datos PubMed, LILACS y MEDLINE. Las publicaciones traen recomendaciones sobre el manejo de procedimientos quirúrgicos, recursos humanos y materiales para el funcionamiento del centro quirúrgico durante la Pandemia. Conclusión: destacamos la posibilidad de limitar los procedimientos quirúrgicos electivos, con acceso a pruebas rápidas y efectividad en la protección de los profesionales.

Health education: a booklet for colostomized people in use of the plug / Cartilla para personas con colostomía en uso del obturador: educación en salud / Cartilha para pessoas com colostomia em uso do oclusor: educação em saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop and validate a booklet on the use of the colostomy plug as a technological support for educational intervention. Methods: Methodological study focusing on the production of soft and hard technologies for colostomized people using a plug, developed in three stages: literature review; validation with 13 experts; and with seven colostomized persons. Results: The content for the booklet was selected based on the analysis of the articles identified in Step 1. In Step 2, regarding the content, the number of pages and appearance obtained a Content Validity Index of 0.85 and 1.00 respectively. In Step 3, the minimum Content Validity Index was 0.71 in two items related to organization and 0.86 for the writing style. The other items obtained a Content Validity Index of 1.0. Conclusion: The booklet was validated among experts and colostomized persons, and the final version, containing 50 pages, was offered to health professionals and colostomized people in use of a plug.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Construir y validar cartilla de uso del obturador de colostomía como suporte tecnológico para intervención educativa. Métodos: Estudio metodológico basado en producción de tecnología leve-dura para personas colostomizadas en uso de obturador, desarrollado en tres etapas: revisión de la literatura; validación con 13 expertos; y 7 personas colostomizadas. Resultados: Contenido que compuso la cartilla fue seleccionado basado en análisis de artículos identificados en la Etapa 1. En la Etapa 2, cuanto al contenido, el número de páginas y la apariencia obtuvieron Índice de Validez de Contenido 0,85 y 1,00 respectivamente. En la Etapa 3, el Índice de Validez de Contenido mínimo fue de 0,71 en dos ítems referentes a la organización y 0,86 en el estilo de la escrita. Los demás ítems obtuvieron Índice de Validez de Contenido 1,0. Conclusión: Validó la cartilla con expertos y personas colostomizadas, y la versión final, conteniendo 50 páginas, ofertada a los profesionales de la área de salud y personas colostomizadas en uso del obturador.

RESUMO Objetivo: Construir e validar cartilha sobre o uso do oclusor da colostomia como suporte tecnológico para intervenção educative Métodos: Estudo metodológico com foco na produção de tecnologia leve-dura para pessoas colostomizadas em uso de oclusor, desenvolvido em três etapas: revisão da literatura; validação com 13 experts; e com 7 pessoas colostomizadas. Resultados: O conteúdo que compôs a cartilha foi selecionado com base na análise dos artigos identificados na Etapa 1. Na Etapa 2, quanto ao conteúdo, o número de páginas e a aparência obtiveram Índice de Validade de Conteúdo 0,85 e 1,00 respectivamente. Na Etapa 3, o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo mínimo foi de 0,71 em dois itens referentes à organização e 0,86 no estilo da escrita. Os demais itens obtiveram Índice de Validade de Conteúdo 1,0. Conclusão: Validou-se a cartilha com experts e pessoas colostomizadas, e a versão final, contendo 50 páginas, foi ofertada aos profissionais da área de saúde e pessoas colostomizadas em uso do oclusor.

Dose-response effect of prebiotic ingestion (ß-glucans isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in diabetic rats with periodontal disease.

BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease is one of the most frequent comorbidities in diabetic patients and can contribute to poor blood glucose control. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of ingesting different doses of beta-glucans (BG) isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on alveolar bone loss (ABL) and inflammatory/metabolic parameters in normal and diabetic rats with ligature-induced periodontal disease (PD). DESIGN: Sixty male rats were assigned into two groups: non-diabetic or diabetic (i.p. 70 mg/kg streptozotocin) with PD. Then, groups were subdivided into five subgroups according BG doses: 0 mg/Kg; 10 mg/Kg; 20 mg/Kg; 40 mg/Kg or 80 mg/Kg. Animals received BG for 28 days and ligatures were placed on lower first molars during the last 14 days. RESULTS: ABL of diabetic and non-diabetic animals receiving BG 40 mg/kg (1.33 ± 0.03 mm and 0.77 ± 0.07 mm, respectively) and 80 mg/kg (1.26 ± 0.07 mm and 0.78 ± 0.05 mm, respectively) doses was lower (p < 0.05) in comparison to respective controls (1.59 ± 0.11 mm and 0.90 mm ±0.08). COX-2 (Control: 1.66 ± 0.12; 40 mg/kg: 1.13 ± 0.07; 80 mg/kg: 0.92 ± 0.18) and RANKL expressions (Control: 1.74 ± 0.34; 40 mg/kg: 1.03 ± 0.29 ;80 mg/kg: 0.75 ± 0.21), together with the RANKL/OPG ratio (Control: 1.17 ± 0.08; 40 mg/kg: 0.67 ± 0.09; 80 mg/kg: 0.63 ± 0.28) were attenuated above the same dose (p < 0.05). BG did not influence (p > 0.05) metabolic parameters in non-diabetic rats. In diabetic animals, doses above 40 mg/kg reduced IL-1ß (Control: 387 ± 66; 40 mg/kg: 309 ± 27; 80 mg/kg: 300 ± 14) and TNF-α (Control: 229 ± 19; 40 mg/kg: 128 ± 53; 80 mg/kg: 71 ± 25), blood glucose levels (Control: 402 ± 49; 40 mg/kg: 334 ± 32; 80 mg/kg: 287 ± 56), total cholesterol (Control: 124 ± 8; 40 mg/kg: 120 ± 10; 80 mg/kg: 108 ± 9), LDL-c + VLDL-c (Control: 106 ± 8; 40 mg/kg: 103 ± 10; 80 mg/kg: 87 ± 10) and triacylglycerols (Control: 508 ± 90; 40 mg/kg: 301 ± 40; 80 mg/kg: 208 ± 61), whereas increased HDL-c (Control: 18 ± 0.5; 40 mg/kg: 19 ± 1; 80 mg/kg: 21 ± 1) (p < 0.05). Optimal dose needed to reduce ABL was higher in diabetic animals with PD. CONCLUSIONS: BG ingestion reduced ABL and improved inflammatory profile in a dose-dependent manner. Best effects were achieved with doses above 40 mg/kg.

Health education: a booklet for colostomized people in use of the plug.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a booklet on the use of the colostomy plug as a technological support for educational intervention. METHODS: Methodological study focusing on the production of soft and hard technologies for colostomized people using a plug, developed in three stages: literature review; validation with 13 experts; and with seven colostomized persons. RESULTS: The content for the booklet was selected based on the analysis of the articles identified in Step 1. In Step 2, regarding the content, the number of pages and appearance obtained a Content Validity Index of 0.85 and 1.00 respectively. In Step 3, the minimum Content Validity Index was 0.71 in two items related to organization and 0.86 for the writing style. The other items obtained a Content Validity Index of 1.0. CONCLUSION: The booklet was validated among experts and colostomized persons, and the final version, containing 50 pages, was offered to health professionals and colostomized people in use of a plug.

Assistência de enfermagem no uso da eletrocirurgia: revisão integrativa / Nursing care in electrosurgery: integrative review / El cuidado de enfermería en el uso de la electrocirugía: una revisión integradora

Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento científico produzido sobre os cuidados de enfermagem relacionados ao uso da eletrocirurgia no período intraoperatório. Método: Revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) e na biblioteca virtual Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), por meio dos descritores "eletrocirurgia", "cuidados de enfermagem" e "recuperação pós-cirúrgica melhorada", correlacionados pelo operador booleano and, nos idiomas português, inglês, espanhol e francês. Dos 213 estudos encontrados, sete compuseram a amostra. Utilizou-se o software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ), por meio dos métodos de análise lexical e de similitude. Para a análise da qualidade metodológica, aplicou-se o nível de evidência científica, segundo recomendações da Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Resultados: Destacam-se publicações entre 2010 e 2012, com nível de evidência V, indexadas nas bases de dados LILACS e CINAHL. Verificaram-se, na nuvem de palavras, termos com maior frequência relativa: "paciente" (n=14); "risco cirúrgico" (n=12); "eletrocirurgia" (n=10); "enfermeiro" (n=8); "conhecimento" (n=6), "cuidado" (n=6) e "prevenção" (n=5). Feita a análise de similitude, identifica-se um leque semântico de palavras mais frequentes. Conclusão: Evidencia-se escassez de estudos, na literatura, com informações significativas para agregação de conhecimentos e construção de novos trabalhos.

Objective: To identify the scientific knowledge produced under the care of nursing related to the use of electrosurgery in the intraoperative period. Method: Integrative review based on the databases: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and in the virtual library Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), using the descriptors "electrosurgery", "nursing care" and "enhanced recovery after surgery", correlated by the Boolean operator and, in Portuguese, English, Spanish and French. Of the 213 studies we found, seven composed the sample. We used the Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ) software, through methods of lexical analysis and similitude. For the analysis of methodological quality, we applied the scientific level of evidence, according to recommendations from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Results: The publications of 2010 to 2012 stand out, with level of evidence V, indexed in LILACS and CINAHL. In the word cloud, we observed the following terms had higher relative frequency: "patient"(n=14); "surgical risk" (n=12); "electrosurgery" (n=10); "nurse" (n=8); "knowledge" (n=6); "care" (n=6); and "prevention" (n=5). After the similitude analysis, we identified the semantic range of more frequent words. Conclusion: There are a few studies in the literature with significant information to aggregate knowledge and build new analyses.

Objetivo: Identificar el conocimiento científico producido sobre la atención de enfermería relacionada con el uso de electrocirugía en el período intraoperatorio. Método: Revisión integradora, realizada en las bases de datos LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL y en la biblioteca virtual SciELO, a través de los descriptores Electrocirugía, Atención de enfermería y Recuperación posquirúrgica mejorada, correlacionados por el operador booleano and, en portugués, inglés, español y francés. Siete de los 213 estudios encontrados compusieron la muestra. Se utilizó el software IRAMUTEQ, mediante los métodos de análisis léxico y de similitud. Para el análisis de la calidad metodológica se aplicó el nivel de evidencia científica, según las recomendaciones de la Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Resultados: Destacan las publicaciones entre 2010 y 2012, con nivel de evidencia V, indexadas en las bases de datos LILACS y CINAHL. En la nube de palabras se encontró términos con mayor frecuencia relativa: Paciente (n=14); Riesgo quirúrgico (n=12); Electrocirugía (n=10); Enfermero (N=08); Conocimiento (N=6), Atención (N=6) y Prevención (n=5). Se identifica un rango semántico de palabras más frecuentes a partir del análisis de similitud. Conclusión: Se demostró la escasez de estudios en la literatura, con información significativa para la agregación del conocimiento y la construcción de nuevas obras.

Serological survey of bluetongue virus in sheep from Minas Gerais / Inquérito sorológico do vírus da língua azul em ovinos de Minas Gerais

Bluetongue is an infectious, non-contagious disease that affects domestic and wild ruminants, caused by a virus from the Orbivirus genus, Reoviridae family, transmitted by arthropod vectors of the Culicoides genus. This paper aims to be the first serological survey of bluetongue in sheep from the Meso-regions of Campo das Vertentes and South and Southeast of Minas Gerais. Samples were collected from sheep from different properties. The serum samples were submitted to Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) and competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (cELISA). 303 serum samples were submitted to AGID and cELISA. In these samples, 164 (54.13%) were positive in the AGID technique, and 171 (56.44%) positive in the cELISA technique, with an almost perfect agreement between the techniques (kappa index = 0.887). In all visited properties, positive animals have been found in the herd. Animals acquired from properties of the studied mesoregions were more likely to be positive in IDGA and cELISA tests than animals acquired from properties in other regions of Brazil (p<0.001). These results suggest that bluetongue virus (BTV) is widespread in the mesoregions of Campo das Vertentes and South and Southeast of Minas Gerais.(AU)

A língua azul (LA) é uma doença infecciosa, não contagiosa, que acomete ruminantes domésticos e silvestres, causada por um vírus do gênero Orbivirus da família Reoviridae, transmitida por vetores artrópodes do gênero Culicoides. O presente estudo representa o primeiro trabalho a realizar um inquérito sorológico da língua azul em rebanhos ovinos nas Mesorregiões de Campo das Vertentes e Sul e Sudoeste de Minas Gerais. Foram coletadas amostras de soro de ovinos de diferentes propriedades. As amostras de soro foram submetidas aos testes de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) e ensaio de imunoadsorção enzimática por competição (cELISA). Ao todo 303 amostras de soro foram submetidas ao IDGA e cELISA. Dessas amostras, 164 (54,13%) foram positivas na técnica de IDGA e 171 (56,44%) positivas na técnica de cELISA, havendo concordância quase perfeita entre as técnicas (índice kappa = 0,887). Em todas as propriedades visitadas, foram encontrados animais positivos no rebanho. Animais adquiridos de propriedades das Mesorregiões estudadas, tiveram mais chances de serem positivos nos testes de IDGA e cELISA do que animais adquiridos de propriedades de outras Regiões do Brasil (p<0,001). Esses resultados sugerem que o vírus da língua azul encontra-se disseminado em ovinos nas Mesorregiões de Campo das Vertentes e Sul e Sudoeste de Minas Gerais.(AU)

Loss of Janus Associated Kinase 1 Alters Urothelial Cell Function and Facilitates the Development of Bladder Cancer.

Inherited Primary Immunodeficiency (PID) disorders are associated with increased risk of malignancy that may relate to impaired antitumor immune responses or a direct role for PID germline mutations in tumorigenesis. We recently identified germline loss of function mutations in Janus Associated Kinase 1 (JAK1) causing primary immunodeficiency characterized by infections and associated with early onset, fatal high-grade bladder carcinoma. Somatic mutations in JAK1, required for immune cell signaling in response to interferon gamma (IFNγ), have been associated with several non-hematopoietic and hematopoietic cancer cell types but pathogenic mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate that JAK1 is required for the intrinsic IFNγ response of urothelial cells impacting immunogenicity and cell survival. Specifically, JAK1-deficient urothelial cells showed reduced surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) after IFNγ stimulation and were resistant to IFNγ-induced apoptosis and lymphocyte-mediated killing. In addition, we identify a previously unknown role for IFNγ signaling in modulating urothelial differentiation. Together, our findings support a role for urothelial cell JAK1 in immune surveillance and development of bladder cancer. Our results have implications for patients with rare JAK1 PID and, more broadly, inform development of biomarker and targeted therapies for urothelial carcinoma.