Spontaneous and experimental poisoning of cattle by Palicourea aeneofusca in the region of Pernambuco and induction of conditioned food aversion / Intoxicação espontânea e experimental por Palicourea aeneofusca em bovinos, no agreste de Pernambuco, e indução de aversão alimentar condicionada

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of Palicourea aeneofusca poisoning in cattle in the region of Pernambuco, Brazil and to determine if it is possible to induce food aversion by P. aeneofusca poisoning in cattle raised under extensive management conditions. To determine the occurrence of poisoning, 30 properties were visited in five municipalities of the region of Pernambuco. Three outbreaks of poisoning of cattle were monitored. To induce conditioned food aversion by the consumption of P. aeneofusca, 12 animals were randomly distributed into two groups of six animals each. Cattle were weighed and received green P. aeneofusca leaves in their trough at a dose of 35mg kg-1 body weight for spontaneous consumption. The control group (CG) animals received water (1ml kg-1 body weight) via a feeding tube after the first ingestion of the plant, while the other animals, constituting the aversion test group (ATG), underwent induced aversion with lithium chloride (LiCl - 175mg kg-1 body weight) via a feeding tube. For the ATG cattle, the aversion to P. aeneofusca induced by a single dose of LiCl persisted for 12 months. In contrast, the CG animals continued to consume the plant in all tests performed, indicating the absence of aversion. This study showed that aversive conditioning using LiCl was effective in preventing poisoning by P. aeneofusca for a period of at least 12 months.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos da intoxicação por Palicourea aeneofusca em bovinos, no Agreste de Pernambuco, e comprovar se é possível induzir aversão alimentar à intoxicação por P. aeneofusca em bovinos criados sob manejo extensivo. Para determinar a ocorrência da intoxicação, foram visitadas 30 propriedades em cinco municípios do Agreste de Pernambuco. Três surtos de intoxicação em bovinos foram acompanhados. Para se induzir aversão alimentar condicionada ao consumo de P. aeneofusca, 12 bovinos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de seis animais cada. Os bovinos foram pesados e receberam, no cocho, folhas verdes de P. aeneofusca, na dose de 35mg kg-1 de peso corporal, para consumo espontâneo. Os bovinos do GC receberam água (1mL kg-1 de peso corporal), via sonda esofágica, após a primeira ingestão da planta, e os demais constituíram o GTA, que foram induzidos à aversão com cloreto de lítio (LiCl - 175mg kg-1 de peso corporal), via sonda esofágica. Para os bovinos do GTA, a indução de aversão a P. aeneofusca, em que se utilizou dose única de LiCl, persistiu por 12 meses. Por outro lado, os bovinos do grupo GC continuaram ingerindo a planta em todos os testes realizados, indicando a ausência de aversão. Este trabalho comprova que o condicionamento aversivo usando LiCl foi eficaz para prevenir a intoxicações por P. aeneofusca por um período de, pelo menos, 12 meses.

Spontaneous and experimental poisoning of cattle by Palicourea aeneofusca in the region of Pernambuco and induction of conditioned food aversion / Intoxicação espontânea e experimental por Palicourea aeneofusca em bovinos, no agreste de Pernambuco, e indução de aversão alimentar condicionada

The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of Palicourea aeneofusca poisoning in cattle in the region of Pernambuco, Brazil and to determine if it is possible to induce food aversion by P. aeneofusca poisoning in cattle raised under extensive management conditions. To determine the occurrence of poisoning, 30 properties were visited in five municipalities of the region of Pernambuco. Three outbreaks of poisoning of cattle were monitored. To induce conditioned food aversion by the consumption of P. aeneofusca, 12 animals were randomly distributed into two groups of six animals each. Cattle were weighed and received green P. aeneofusca leaves in their trough at a dose of 35mg kg-1 body weight for spontaneous consumption. The control group (CG) animals received water (1ml kg-1 body weight) via a feeding tube after the first ingestion of the plant, while the other animals, constituting the aversion test group (ATG), underwent induced aversion with lithium chloride (LiCl - 175mg kg-1 body weight) via a feeding tube. For the ATG cattle, the aversion to P. aeneofusca induced by a single dose of LiCl persisted for 12 months. In contrast, the CG animals continued to consume the plant in all tests performed, indicating the absence of aversion. This study showed that aversive conditioning using LiCl was effective in preventing poisoning by P. aeneofusca for a period of at least 12 months.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos da intoxicação por Palicourea aeneofusca em bovinos, no Agreste de Pernambuco, e comprovar se é possível induzir aversão alimentar à intoxicação por P. aeneofusca em bovinos criados sob manejo extensivo. Para determinar a ocorrência da intoxicação, foram visitadas 30 propriedades em cinco municípios do Agreste de Pernambuco. Três surtos de intoxicação em bovinos foram acompanhados. Para se induzir aversão alimentar condicionada ao consumo de P. aeneofusca, 12 bovinos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de seis animais cada. Os bovinos foram pesados e receberam, no cocho, folhas verdes de P. aeneofusca, na dose de 35mg kg-1 de peso corporal, para consumo espontâneo. Os bovinos do GC receberam água (1mL kg-1 de peso corporal), via sonda esofágica, após a primeira ingestão da planta, e os demais constituíram o GTA, que foram induzidos à aversão com cloreto de lítio (LiCl - 175mg kg-1 de peso corporal), via sonda esofágica. Para os bovinos do GTA, a indução de aversão a P. aeneofusca, em que se utilizou dose única de LiCl, persistiu por 12 meses. Por outro lado, os bovinos do grupo GC continuaram ingerindo a planta em todos os testes realizados, indicando a ausência de aversão. Este trabalho comprova que o condicionamento aversivo usando LiCl foi eficaz para prevenir a intoxicações por P. aeneofusca por um período de, pelo menos, 12 meses.(AU)

Necrotizing meningoencephalitis in cattle associated to Bovine Herpesvirus-5 in Pernambuco - Brazil / Meningoencefalite necrosante em bovinos associada ao herpesvírus bovino-5 em Pernambuco - Brasil

Background: Bovine Herpesvirus-5 (BoHV-5) is the most important cause of encephalopathy in cattle in Brazil. Necrotizing meningoencephalitis is an acute or subacute infectious disease that has low morbidity, higher fatal outcome and affects animals of all age groups, but especially young cattle under stress situations. The disease may occur like outbreaks or affect cattle alone. The mortality and morbidity varies from 75-100% and 0.05 to 22% respectively. This study aims to report the occurrence of two outbreaks of meningoencephalitis caused by bovine herpesvirus-5 diagnosed in the state of Pernambuco in the years 2011-2012. Cases: The epidemiological data and clinical signs were obtained with the veterinarians of two properties where the outbreaks occurred. Necropsies in two cattle were performed and samples of brain, spinal cord and tissues fragments from thoracic and abdominal cavities were collected. The material fixed in 10% buffered formalin was processed routinely for histopathological examination. After fixation of the brain, fragments of cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, midbrain, cerebellar peduncles, cerebellum, bridge, medulla oblongata and cervical spinal cord were immunohistochemically processed for rabies. CNS samples were subjected to the technique of PCR for detection of BoHV-5. In affected cattle, the main clinical signs consisted of circling...(AU)

Necrotizing meningoencephalitis in cattle associated to Bovine Herpesvirus-5 in Pernambuco - Brazil / Meningoencefalite necrosante em bovinos associada ao herpesvírus bovino-5 em Pernambuco - Brasil

Background: Bovine Herpesvirus-5 (BoHV-5) is the most important cause of encephalopathy in cattle in Brazil. Necrotizing meningoencephalitis is an acute or subacute infectious disease that has low morbidity, higher fatal outcome and affects animals of all age groups, but especially young cattle under stress situations. The disease may occur like outbreaks or affect cattle alone. The mortality and morbidity varies from 75-100% and 0.05 to 22% respectively. This study aims to report the occurrence of two outbreaks of meningoencephalitis caused by bovine herpesvirus-5 diagnosed in the state of Pernambuco in the years 2011-2012. Cases: The epidemiological data and clinical signs were obtained with the veterinarians of two properties where the outbreaks occurred. Necropsies in two cattle were performed and samples of brain, spinal cord and tissues fragments from thoracic and abdominal cavities were collected. The material fixed in 10% buffered formalin was processed routinely for histopathological examination. After fixation of the brain, fragments of cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, midbrain, cerebellar peduncles, cerebellum, bridge, medulla oblongata and cervical spinal cord were immunohistochemically processed for rabies. CNS samples were subjected to the technique of PCR for detection of BoHV-5. In affected cattle, the main clinical signs consisted of circling...