Use of Nile tilapia (Oreocromis niloticus) processing residues in the production of pâtés with the addition of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil.

The effect of the use of Nilo tilapia filleting residues in the production of pâtés with the addition of oregano essential oil stored for 90 days at 4 °C was evaluated. For that, 5 treatments were performed as follows: TSA-control treatment; TES with the addition of sodium erythorbate; and formulation TOE1 with 600 ppm oregano essential oil; TOE2 with 1000 ppm essential oil; and TOE3 with 1400 ppm essential oil. The pâtés showed adequate technological and physicochemical characteristics and microbiological counts within the legislation standards. No significant differences were observed in the luminosity of the pâté formulations during storage, and the addition of oil contributed to the increase in a* values and stability of b* values. Regarding the lipid and protein oxidation, TOE3 showed lower values at the end of the shelf-life. The addition of essential oil did not affect the hardness and cohesiveness of the products. The fatty acids in greater amounts in the samples were linoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. The analysis of biogenic amines indicated that only the treatments with the highest amounts of sodium erythorbate (TES and TOE1) showed losses of spermidine. It was observed that decreasing the inclusion of sodium erythorbate and increasing the inclusion of oregano essential oil resulted in a drop in cadaverine values. A total of 46 volatile compounds were detected in the samples with the highest amount of free fatty acids and all the formulations were well accepted sensorially.

Effect of the addition of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis (BB-12) in free and microencapsulated form and the prebiotic inulin to synbiotic dry coppa.

The effect of the addition of the prebiotic inulin and free and microencapsulated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis (BB-12) strains to synbiotic dry coppa formulations was evaluated during 45 days of ripening. The following formulations were made: control C without probiotic and prebiotic; PROB with free probiotic; SYNB with free probiotic and inulin; ENPROB with microencapsulated probiotic, and ENSYNB with microencapsulated probiotic and inulin. The incorporation of BB-12 with inulin provided adequate physicochemical characteristics (proximate composition, weight loss, pH, water activity (aw), and instrumental color). The treatments PRO and SYNB showed lower lipid and protein oxidation levels. The treatments PROB, SYNB, ENPROB, and ENSYNB had viable cell counts above 109 CFU/g and can be considered probiotic. In the in vitro gastrointestinal simulation, the BB-12 strain showed survival and growth capacity in saline solution and at low pH values for all treatments. The sample SYNB was the most accepted by the assessors in the sensory evaluation. Therefore, dry coppa can be used as a vehicle for the development of a synbiotic fermented meat product.

Supplementation with free methionine or methionine dipeptide improves meat quality in broilers exposed to heat stress.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of methionine dipeptide supplementation on the meat quality of broilers subjected to heat stress. A completely randomized 3 × 2 factorial design with four repetitions of each treatment was used. Three diets, unsupplemented (U), supplemented with methionine (M), and supplemented with methionine dipeptide (MM), were fed to 96 broilers subjected to thermal comfort (TC) or heat stress (HS, 32 °C for 24 h) conditions antemortem. Meat quality parameters, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein and lipid oxidation, and ryanodine receptor type 3 (RYR3) gene expression in breast muscle of 35-day-old broilers were evaluated. Methionine supplementation (M and MM) enhanced the nutritional quality of breast meat. Diet had a significant effect on breast meat pH, color (a*), and nitrogen and lipid contents. Interaction effects of diet and HS on TAC and protein oxidation were not observed. Diet and HS influenced lipid oxidation of breast meat after 7 days of refrigerated storage. High RYR3 expression was observed in breast meat of broilers subjected to heat stress and fed the U diet. No differences were observed between M and MM diets in any of the parameters evaluated. The results showed that both sources of methionine (M and MM) can be supplemented in broiler diets with beneficial effects on breast yield and meat nutritional quality. In addition, HS has made chickens more susceptible to biomolecule oxidation, and MM can potentiate chicken TAC. Further study is needed to better understand the effects of MM on broilers.

Pelleting and sodium monensin increase milk CLA concentration from dairy cows fed flaxseed / El peletizado y la monensina sódica incrementan la concentración de CLA en leche de vacas suplementadas con linaza / Peletização e monensina sódica aumentam a concentração de CLA no leite de vacas alimentadas com linhaça

Abstract Background: Demand for naturally enriched foods is increasing worldwide. Animal nutrition allows incorporating nutraceutical molecules into milk. These molecules are intended for improving human health. Objective: To evaluate the effects of pelleting and monensin addition to the diet on intake, digestibility of dry matter (DM) and nutrients, milk yield and composition, and fatty acids (FA) profile in cows kept on pasture and supplemented with concentrate containing ground flaxseed (GF). Methods: Four Holstein cows were assigned to the following treatments: 1) concentrate with GF; 2) GF + 32.93 mg/Kg monensin (GFM); 3) GF pelleted (GFP); 4) GF pelleted + 32.93 mg/Kg monensin (FMP). Results: Treatments did not show effects on digestibility of dry matter (DM) and nutrients or feed intake, with the exception of ether extract intake, which was reduced by 28% with pelleting. Addition of monensin increased the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration by 47%. Pelleting increased the concentrations of CLA (70%), polyunsaturated FA (PUFA; 25%), and monounsaturated FA (MUFA; 16%), and reduced the concentrations of steric acid (C18) in 19% and total saturated FA (SFA; 14%). Conclusion: Pelleting and monensin does not alter feed intake and digestibility of DM and nutrients. Pelleting of concentrate feed containing flaxseed improves milk FA quality.

Resumen Antecedentes: La demanda por alimentos naturalmente enriquecidos se ha venido incrementado en todo el mundo. A través de la nutrición animal es posible incorporar moléculas nutracéuticas en la leche. El uso de estas moléculas pretende mejorar la salud humana. Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de la peletización y la monensina sobre la ingesta, digestibilidad de la materia seca (DM) y nutrientes, producción de leche, composición y perfil de ácidos grasos (FA) en leche de vacas en pastoreo que consumen alimento concentrado formulado con linaza molida (GF). Métodos: Cuatro vacas Holstein fueron distribuidas en los siguientes tratamientos: 1) ración conteniendo GF; 2) GF + 32,93 mg/Kg de monensina (GFM); 3) GF en pellets (GFP); 4) GF en pellets + 32,93 mg/Kg de monensina (FMP). Resultados: Los tratamientos no mostraron efectos en el consumo y digestibilidad de la DM y nutrientes, excepto por el consumo de extracto etéreo, con una reducción del 28% en las raciones peletizadas. La monensina incrementó la concentración de ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) en 47%. La peletización aumentó el contenido de CLA (70%), FA poliinsaturados (PUFA; 25%) y FA monoinsaturados (16%); y redujo las concentraciones de C18 en 19%, y FA saturados total en 14%. Conclusión: El peletizado y la monensina no alteran la ingesta de alimento ni la digestibilidad de la DM y nutrientes. El proceso de peletizado aplicado a concentrados que contienen linaza mejora la calidad de los ácidos grasos de la leche.

Resumo Antecedentes: A procura por alimentos naturalmente enriquecidos tem aumentado por parte dos consumidores. Através da nutrição animal é possível incorporar ao leite moléculas nutracêuticas, essas moléculas são conhecidas por melhorarem a saúde humana. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da peletização e monensina sobre o consumo, digestibilidade da matéria seca (DM) e nutrientes, produção de leite, composição e perfil de ácidos graxos (FA) no leite de vacas em pastejo e suplementadas com concentrado contendo linhaça moída (GF). Métodos: Quatro vacas Holandesas foram distribuídas nos tratamentos: 1) concentrado contendo GF; 2) GF + 32,93 mg/Kg de monensina (GFM); 3) GF peletizado (GFP); 4) GF peletizado + 32,93 mg/Kg de monensina (FMP). Resultados: Os tratamentos não apresentaram efeitos sobre consumo e digestibilidade da DM e dos nutrientes, exceto para o consumo de extrato etéreo, com redução de 28% com a peletização do concentrado. A adição de monensina aumentou a concentração de ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) em 47%. A peletização aumentou os teores de CLA (70%), FA poli-insaturados (25%) e FA monoinsaturados (16%); e reduziu as concentrações de C18 em 19% e AG saturados totais em 14%. Conclusão: Peletização e monensina não alteram o consumo e digestibilidade da DM e dos nutrientes. O processo de peletização aplicado em concentrados contendo linhaça melhora a qualidade dos FA do leite.

Intake, performance, and efficiency of nutrient utilization in Saanen goat kids fed diets containing calcium salts of fatty acids.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding Saanen goat kids with calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) in diet, on intake, performance, digestibility of nutrients, and blood parameters. Twenty-eight uncastrated male goat kids, with round average age to 112.86 ± 4.81 days and an average body weight (BW) of 19.54 ± 2.76 kg, were distributed in a completely randomized design distributed into four groups with seven animals per group: one control group fed a diet containing 2.5 Mcal metabolizable energy (ME)/kg dry matter (DM) and three groups fed a diet containing 2.6, 2.7, or 2.8 Mcal ME/kg DM, with CSFA added to increase the energy levels. The animals were fed the diets until they reached an average BW of 28 kg. There was hardly any apparent effect of dietary CSFA on intake of DM and organic matter (OM). The digestibility of DM and OM showed an improvement with 2.64 and 2.65 Mcal ME/kg DM in the diet. The diets containing CSFA improved average daily gain and reduced the time on the feedlot to 30 days fed diet with 2.8 Mcal ME/kg DM. However, lipid supplementation increased serum cholesterol levels. Thus, CSFA can be used to increase the energy density of the diet in finisher Saanen goat kids and improve performance by reducing days on feedlot.

Monitoring the nutritional and reproductive state of dairy cows through the presence of urea in milk

The effects of farm, parity (PO) and month of parturition on milk production, percentage of fat and protein, somatic cell count (SCC), and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) concentration were assessed on four specialized dairy farms using 120 cows. Also, the effects of MUN on gestation rate (GR) and artificial insemination rate (AIR) in early lactation were studied. The parameters of production and milk quality were similar among farms and were not influenced by the month of parturition. Farm D presented the highest MUN concentration. Concentration of MUN, percentages of fat and protein and SCC were not influenced by PO. Cows with a value of MUN between 10.1 and 13.0 mg/dL had the highest AIR and GR between days 55 and 70 postpartum and after 70 days in milk. These data suggested that MUN concentration was a useful parameter to predict the nutritional and reproductive stages of dairy cows.

Avaliaram-se os efeitos de fazendas, ordem de parto (OP) e mês de parição sobre a produção de leite (PL), porcentagem de gordura, de proteína, contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e nitrogênio uréico no leite (NUL) de quatro fazendas leiteiras especializadas, totalizando 120 vacas em lactação. Estudaram-se, também, os efeitos do NUL sobre a taxa de gestação (TG) e taxa de inseminação (TIA) no início da lactação. Os parâmetros produtivos e de qualidade do leite foram semelhantes entre fazendas e não sofreram influência do mês de parição. A Fazenda D apresentou a maior taxa de NUL. A OP não influenciou a NUL, por cento de gordura, por cento de proteína e CCS. Os animais com NUL entre 10,1 - 13,0 mg/dL apresentaram as maiores TIA e TG, tanto nas fases de 55 - 70 dias como após 70 dias pós-parto. Conclui-se que o NUL é um parâmetro útil para monitorar o estado nutricional e reprodutivo de vacas leiteiras.