Comparative Study of the Major White Matter Tracts Anatomy in Equine, Feline and Canine Brains by Use of the Fibre Dissection Technique.

The spatial anatomy of the white matter tracts is a subject of growing interest not only for researchers but also for clinicians. Imagistic methods have some limitations so that they should be confronted with dissection studies. The aim of this paper was to provide a three-dimensional view of the major white matter tracts in equine, feline and canine brains by use of the fibre dissection technique. Twenty cerebral hemispheres (six equine, four feline and 10 canine brains) were prepared according to the Klingler method. Stepwise mediolateral and lateromedial blunt dissections were performed using wooden sticks and spatulas. The lateromedial dissection was followed by the opening of the lateral ventricle. The use of the same multi-stage procedures resulted in a comparable exposure of the major association, projection and commissural fibres and their spatial relation with the lateral ventricle. To conclude, the proposed techniques are reproducible in equine, feline and canine brains and they can be successfully used for teaching, training or research in the field of neurobiology.

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis must be included in the differential diagnosis of midline destructive disease: two case reports.

Midline destructive lesions have multiple possible etiologies, which can be grouped into neoplastic, infectious, or vasculitis-associated. The purpose of these case reports and literature review was to highlight the need to include mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the diagnosis of midfacial lesions in any patient who has lived in Leishmania-endemic areas because this entity meets all of the clinical criteria to be considered a form of midline destructive lesion. We present two cases of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis that occurred in a Bolivian male immigrant and a European male traveler to Panama, in whom lesions were misdiagnosed as different midline destructive lesions with different causes (Wegener, vasculitis, and natural killer or T-cell lymphoma [NKTL]). The conclusion of our work is that all patients with midline destructive lesions should undergo histologic and molecular studies to be evaluated for mucosal leishmaniasis, particularly patients whose clinical history suggests this possibility. In cases of uvular involvement, biopsy of this region might be a possible alternative to nasal biopsy.

Taquicardia ventricular y fracaso renal agudo secundario a rabdomiolisis inducido por cocaína / Ventricular tachycardia and acute renal failure secondary to cocaine-induced rhabdomyolysis

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Espondilitis brucelósica: a propósito de un caso atípico / Brucellar spondylitis: review of an unusual case

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[Hemoperitoneum secondary to spontaneous rupture of the umbilical vein]. / Hemoperitoneo secundario a la rotura espontánea de la vena umbilical.

Patients with ascites can develop spontaneous hemoperitoneum after injury or as a complication of diagnostic or therapeutic techniques. Spontaneous rupture of intra-abdominal varices is a rare complication of portal hypertension and an infrequent cause of hemoperitoneum that causes high mortality (75%). We present a new case of spontaneous hemoperitoneum secondary to umbilical vein rupture in a male patient with liver cirrhosis and review the cases previously described in the literature.

[The therapeutical strategy for locally advanced breast cancer]. / Strategia terapeutica în cancerul mamar local avansat (C.M.L.A.).

As for the other cancers, the strategy of therapy of breast cancers is going to a unitary standardization. In our department between 1984-1999 we are operated 1040 patients with breast cancers, which means 25.3% of all cancers treated. 688 (64.3%) were CMLA, 646 (96.7%) of them were in patients women and 22 (3.3%) men. The mean age was 52.4 years (3-84 years). All patients were divided into two trials and analyzed: retrospectively (A) 312 (46.7%) and prospectively (B) 356 (53.3%) patients, 51.2% of patients was in III and IV TNM stage. The patients from trial B were treated concerning with specific therapeutically protocol, adapted by age, anatomopathological form, volume of tumor, skin or thoracic wall invasion, inflammatory lesions, lymph node invasion and physiological period. The results were: the increase of number of radical surgical interventions, the decrease of the morbidity, the increase of survival and a better quality of life.

Hipertiroidismo e hipertensión pulmonar

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[A case of intraductal multicentric breast carcinoma with bilateral axillary metastases]. / Un caz de carcinom mamar intraductal multicentric cu metastaze axilare bilaterale.

It is recognized that the breast cancer is frequently accompanied by local and regional nodal metastases, but contralateral axillary dissemination is considered a rarity. It is presented a case of a 42 old female patient with intraductal multicentric right mamar carcinoma (T2) with bilateral axillary nodal metastases who had underwent to the complex treatment: surgical, chemotherapy and radiotherapy and hormonal therapy. The prognosis is reserved. It is required a careful supervision from point of view clinical biological, mamography, echography, tomography, RMN for diagnosis of recurrences, metastases and becoming a bilateral cancer at the remaining breast.

[Synchronous presentation of thyroid carcinoma and malignant lymphoproliferative disease: report of 3 cases]. / Presentación sincrónica de carcinoma de tiroides y enfermedad linfoproliferativa maligna: a propósito de tres casos.

Multiple primary neoplasms are increasing in clinical practice, which is mainly due to the longer survival of cancer patients. Radiotherapy at an early stage of Hodgkin disease or lymphoma is well known to be associated with the future occurrence of secondary thyroid cancer. Nevertheless, the synchronous presentation of these two types of neoplasms is exceptional. We report here three cases of synchronic diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma and a malignant lymphoproliferative disease in patients who had not previously received radiotherapy nor chemotherapy. In malignant tumours of synchronic presentation, there is usually and underlying genetic predisposition involved in the etiology. In our patients, no carcinogenic environmental factor was demonstrated and, while this neoplastic association might be casual, an investigation on the possible individual predisposing factors would be warranted.

[Therapeutic strategy in breast cancer]. / Strategia terapeutica în cancerul mamar.

The authors present the actual concepts of the therapeutic strategy for the breast cancer. The choice of the optimal protocol treatment is based on a complete and correct pretherapeutic evaluation. This implies the staging using TNM/ UICC/ 1987 system (explained in the text) and the definition of the prognostic factors: axillary lymph node involvement, other pathological patterns, the situation of the hormonal receptors and the cell proliferation index. For the stages I-II the strategy of the treatment include: modified radical mastectomy, postoperative irradiation in well defined cases and the adjuvant systemic treatment using chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. The laparoscopic ovariectomy is a safe and simple technique. For the local advanced cancer (IIIA and IIIB) the treatment begins with a systemic aggressive approach, the surgery being applied following the tumoral regression. In the stage IV the complex palliative treatment is indicated.

Efficiency of utilisations of food energy by female growing minks.

The efficiency of utilisation of food energy by female growing minks, from weaning to adult age, was studied. The food given, pelleted according to an original technology, has the following chemical composition on a DM basis: 87.0% organic matter, 37.1% crude protein, 11.7% crude fat, 2.6% crude fiber, 35.6% nitrogen-free extractives and 13.0 per cent ash. Young minks had a feed intake, in relation to body weight, warying from 11.6 g to 58.6 g DM/d. Maximum feed intake related to kg0.75 was recorded at 700 g body weight (approximately 98 g DM/kg0.65). Digestibility of the given food expressed in DE, averaged 87.7 +/- 1.2%, while metabolizability, 82.3 +/- 1.1%. Total heat production related to the intaked gross energy, was 48.0 +/- 3.0%, and the retained energy, 34.3 +/- 4.0 per cent. The net efficiency of the metabolizable energy used for maintenance and production could not be accurately determined. However, taking to account the calculated values required for maintenance, of 649 kJ/kg0.75 in 300 to 600 g young minks, and of 607 kJ/kg0.75 in 600 to 1100 g young minks and also the maintenance efficiency, Km = 0.75, the coefficient for ME utilisation in protein and fat synthesis, of 0.50 and 0.75, respectively, it was able to determine the average ME efficiency used as net energy for maintenance and production: 70%. The highest values of nictemeral metabolism were recorded in the evening, and the lowest ones, at noon; the difference between the maximal and the minimal value did not exceed 6 per cent.