[Delayed results of vaccination of children with recurrent respiratory infections against measles and mumps].

AIM: Assessment of results of immunization against measles and mumps in children with recurrent respiratory infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Levels of IgG against measles and mumps viruses were measured using enzyme immunoassay. Two hundred and twelve serum samples obtained from 6 groups of children with 20 - 45 persons (boys and girls) in each were tested. Children of various ages were presented in each group. Also, immunologic parameters were measured in all children. RESULTS: It was established that mean antibody titers to measles and mumps viruses did not change during 10 years. In more than 50% of children correlation between high and low titers of antibodies of different specificity was found. CONCLUSION: Recurrent respiratory illnesses determine complex regulation of transition of memory cells into cells secreting antibodies to measles and mumps viruses.

[Enhancement of measles-mumps divaccine using myelopeptide 2 in experiment].

Combined application of mumps and measles vaccine strains in equal doses results in significant decrease of immune response to the former component in humans. It is possible that this phenomenon is related with well-known immunodepressive effect of measles virus, which was demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro. It was previously shown that myelopeptide-2 (MP-2) partially neutralizes suppressive effect of measles vaccine on blast transformation of activated human lymphocytes in vitro. Partial supression of immune response to mumps vaccine by live measles vaccine was reproduced in laboratory animals. It was shown that in experiment MP-2 partially neutralized suppressive effect of measles vaccine.

[Effect of myelopeptide 2 on the immunization of guinea pigs with live measles vaccine]. / Vliianie mielopeptida 2 na rezul'taty immunizatsii morskikh svinok zhivoi korevoi vaktsinoi.

A model is suggested to study the effects the myelopeptide 2 (MP2) immunomodulator on the results of live measles rash immunized by vaccine. Guinea pigs were found to respond to live measles vaccine L-16 the way man does, i.e. the antibodies' level in their sera was increasing until days 28-56 after a single intramuscular vaccine injection. An intramuscular injection of the MP2 immunomodular, made alongside with vaccination, was demonstrated to enhance the immune response to the measles vaccine and to induce its action. Finally, it was for the first time, that the possibility was proven to enhance the action of the live measles vaccine by an immunomodulator.

[Efficiency of revaccination against epidemic parotitis and immunological safety]. / Effektivnost' revaktsinatsii protiv épidemicheskogo parotita i immunologicheskaia bezopastost'.

Seventy-eight children aged 6-7 years were subcutaneously revaccinated with L-3 live mumps vaccine. The vaccine is slightly reactogenic and completely safe. The level of antibodies increased on day 10 postvaccination in 80% of children with initially low antibody titers. Subcutaneous revaccination resulted in appearance of anti-parotitis antibodies in nasal secretions of 60% and in the saliva of 20% children, this indicating sufficiently high immunogenic activity of the vaccine.

[Use of a latex-agglutination test for determining anti-measles antibody titer]. / Ispol'zovanie testa lateks-aggliutinatsii dlia opredeleniia titrov protivokorevykh antitel.

A new diagnostic agent for microtitration of antimeasles antibodies, making use of polyacrolein microspheres conjugated with purified measles virus has been developed. Parallel titration of blood sera of children and adults in latex agglutination test and in routine test (hemagglutination inhibition, passive hemagglutination, immunofluorescent tests) demonstrated a sufficient specificity of the new test, sensitivity compatible to that of hemagglutination inhibition, and correlation of the results of all tests.

[The determination of measles antibody titers in the latex agglutination reaction]. / Opredelenie titrov protivokorevykh antitel v reaktsii lateks-aggliutinatsii.

A new latex agglutination test (LAT) for detection of antibodies to measles virus in blood sera was developed. The latex diagnosticum consists of polymeric microspheres of national make carrying on their surface covalently bound measles virus antigen. The data on the specificity and sensitivity of the test are presented, and the results of titrations of blood sera from schoolchildren by traditional HI test and LAT are compared. LAT was shown to be highly sensitive, much simpler than the available methods for detection of measles antibodies and more economic, and therefore may be recommended for mass surveys.

[Effect of potassium iodide on tumor growth]. / Vliianie iodida kaliia na opukholevyi rost.

In the experiments on mice with primary tumors the authors studied the effect of iodine potassium on tumoral growth. It was shown that tumors became smaller in those animals who obtained iodine potassium. Possible mechanisms of this effect are being discussed.

[The preparation of an IgG diagnostic agent based on stained polyacrolein latexes for use in the latex agglutination reaction]. / Prigotovlenie IgG-diagnostikuma na osnove okrashennykh poliakroleinovykh lateksov dlia primeneniia v reaktsii lateksnoi aggliutinatsii.

IgG diagnosticum for measuring the concentration of 131I-labeled IgG antibodies to enteric antigen beta 1MA by the latex agglutination inhibition (LAI) test has been prepared on the basis of polyacrolein latexes. A method for the titration of anti-IgG antibodies with the use of the above diagnosticum has been developed, based on the late, agglutination (LA) test. The optimum conditions for the microtitration variant of the LA and LAI tests have been defined. High sensitivity, specificity and simplicity of analysis with the use of latex IgG diagnosticum have been demonstrated. The newly developed methods have been successfully used in laboratory trials of a new diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals for the assay of 131I-labeled antibodies in this preparation and for the detection of side effects of immunization on the recipients.

[Experimental studies of the possibilities of radioimmunodetection of cancer of the large intestine by subcutaneous administration of iodinated antibodies to intestinal antigen beta1-MA]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie vozmozhnosti radioimmunodetektsii rakatolstoi kishki pri podkozhnoi vvedenii iodirovannykh antitel k kishechnomu antigenu beta1 MA.

131I- and 125I-labeled rabbit antibodies (AB) to the specific human intestinal beta 1MA were administered sc and iv to nude mice xenografts of human colon carcinoma. A study was made of the pharmacokinetics of labeled AB in the recipients' organs and tissues, measuring the radioactivity of tissue specimens on days 2, 3, 4 and 7 after injection with a gamma-counter, calculating specific radioactivity and accumulation indices. Tumors were visualized with a gamma-camera and a scanner. Proceeding from the comparison of the results of sc and iv administration of iodinated AB, a conclusion has been made of the applicability of sc injections of the agent for immunoscintigraphy.

[The effect of potassium iodide on the pharmacokinetics of radioactive iodine-labelled antibodies]. / Vliianie iodistogo kaliia na farmakokinetiku mechennykh radioaktivnym iodom antitel.

Radioactive iodine-labeled rabbit antibodies to beta 1-MA antigen (the marker of human colon cancer) were injected iv to BALB/c mice as well as to nude mice with xenografts of various human tumors. Preparations of iodinated antibodies contained an admixture of protein-unbound radionuclide 2-4% of total radioactivity. Part of the recipient animals were given per os 0.1% solution of KI to block the thyroid from radioactive iodine. A comparative study was made of the distribution of radioactivity in the tissues of recipients in the time course of 7 days. The thyroid of nude mice with tumors was shown to uptake much more radioactivity than that of immunologically intact mice. In addition to its protective effect of the thyroid from radioactive iodine, KI also enhanced the excretion of the preparation of labeled antibodies. Possible mechanisms of the revealed phenomena were analyzed.

[Study of the integral antigen of the membranes of fatty globules of human milk]. / Izuchenie integral'nogo antigena membran zhirovykh globul zhenskogo moloka.

The glycoprotein with the molecular weight of 82,500 D (Ag3) was extracted from the native membranes of fatty globules of human milk and was purified by isoelectrofocusing. Polyclonal antisera (PCA) as well as monoclonal antibodies (MoAb)-ICO-21, ICO-22, ICO-26, ICO-29 against this membrane antigen were produced. The localization of the antigen in the human normal and malignant tissues was tested by the immunochemical technique. Apical staining of the Ag3 was in the acinus and duct cells of the normal breast. Weak staining with the antibodies to Ag3 was revealed in the epithelium cells of ovaries, bronchi, kidney tubules and uterine tubes. The far more pronounced staining of the Ag3 with PCA and MCA was observed in the cell cytoplasma both in the primary and metastatic breast and ovarian tumours. The specificity of the MoAb to Ags suggests that they will be useful in the diagnosis of the malignant disease of the breast and ovary.

[Experimental visualization of human colon cancer using 131I-antibodies to intestinal beta 1 MA antigen]. / Vizualizatsiia kartsinom tolstoi kishki cheloveka s pomoshch'iu 131I-antitel k kishechnomu antigenu beta 1 MA v éksperimente.

131I-antibodies to human beta 1 colonic antigen was administered i.v. to nude mice with transplanted human colon carcinoma. Injections were followed by mouse whole-body investigation with the help of gamma-camera and scanner. The distribution of radioactivity in murine tissues was investigated with a gamma-counter. Sharp images of tumor were obtained with the help of the gamma-camera and scanner. The results of visualization were in accord with radioimmunometric data. A conclusion was made of effective visualization of human colon carcinoma transplanted to nude mice using iodinated antibodies to specific beta 1 MA epithelial colonic antigen.

[Radioimmunodetection of human colonic cancer transplanted into thymus-deficient mice using antibodies to the intestinal antigen]. / Radioimmunodetektsiia raka tolstoi kishki cheloveka, transplantirovannogo bestimusnym mysham, s pomoshch'iu antitel k kishechnomu antigenu.

131I-antibodies (Ab) to human organ-specific intestinal antigen--beta 1-MA (maconial antigen) were injected intravenously to nude mice to whom various human tumors including colon tumors had been transplanted. Ab distribution in recipient tissues and in tumors was determined over time with the help of a gamma-counter. Ab to beta 1-MA was shown to localize specifically in colon tumors. 131I-Ab accumulation in this tumor exceeded the background level in tumor-bearing tissues. The excess increased with time as a result of slower Ab clearance of colon tumors as compared to normal tissues. beta 1-MA was detected immunohistochemically in the mouse colon epithelium however elevated accumulation of Ab to beta 1-MA injected into the blood flow in the intestine was undetectable.

[Human lactoferrin: isolation of highly purified preparations from human milk, various physico-chemical properties and distribution in normal and tumor tissues]. / Laktoferrin cheloveka: poluchenie vysokoochishchennykh preparatov iz moloka zhenshchin, nekotorye fiziko-khimicheskie svoistva i raspredelenie v normal'nykh i opukholevykh tkaniakh.

Two procedures for isolation of lactoferrin are described using ion exchange and immunoaffinity chromatography. Electrophoretic mobility, molecular mass, isoelectric point and other physico-chemical properties of the antigen were studied. Immunodiffusion and immunoperoxidase techniques exhibited presence of the antigen in some tissues containing glandular epithelium as well as a decrease in lactoferrin content in malignization.

[Isolation of membrane antigens of mammary gland epithelial cells from membranes of human milk fat globules]. / Vydelenie membrannykh antigenov épitelial'nykh kletok molochnoi zhelezy iz membran zhirovykh globul zhenskogo moloka.

Seven antigens, belonging to various structures of bilayer: ArI (lactoferrin) and Ar5 (alpha-lactalbumin) - adsorbed proteins; Ar2 and Ar14 - peripheric components; Ar3, Ar4 and Ar13 - integral structures, were found after treatment of fatty globule membranes from human milk using the agents with improved extracting activity (isotonic solution, 1 M MgCl2, 1% Triton X-100, combined effect of 1% Triton X-100 and sonication). The procedure developed enabled to separate these antigens and to isolate them from the main milk secretory proteins lactoferrin and alpha-lactalbumin. Towards highly purified preparations of the membrane antigens 3 and 4 monospecific antisera were raised, which allowed to identify these components among tissue-specific antigens of mammary gland capable to be maintained in malignization of the tissue. Ar4 was also found in tumoral tissues of ovary, lung and stomach.

[Distribution of iodinated antibodies to the human organ-specific intestinal antigen in athymic mice with heterotransplanted tumors]. / Raspredelenie iodirovannykh antitel k organospetsificheskomu kishechnomu antigenu cheloveka v organizme bestimusnykh myshei s geterotransplantatami opukholei.

131I labeled rabbit antibodies to the human epithelial intestinal antigen beta 1-MA was administered intravenously to nude mice together with human tumor grafts: colon cancer (CC), breast cancer, Ewing's sarcoma and hepatoma. Antibodies to beta 1-MA were selectively accumulated in CC only, excluding the other tumors. Iodinated nonspecific rabbit IgG in mice with CC were distributed like antibodies to beta 1-MA in the body of mice with control heterografts. A conclusion was made of the promising use of labeled antibodies to beta 1-MA in radioimmuno-scintigraphy of CC and its metastases.

[Antigenic structure of normal and malignant breast tissue]. / Izuchenie antigennoi struktury normal'nykh i malignizirovannykh tkanei molochnoi zhelezy.

The study was concerned with 13 antigens identified with the aid of a set of immune sera obtained from rabbits immunized with a nuclear, a membrane and a soluble fractions of normal and malignant mammary tissues as well as with the membranes of fat globules of breast milk. The antigens (1 nuclear, 4 soluble and 8 membraneous) were of different specificity: four--occurring in many organs, two--specific for milk only, three--organ-specific antigens which, however, persist in malignant tissues, and one--present in malignant tissue and absent from normal mammary and 25 other tissues tested. Such antigens as lactoferrin and alpha-lactalbumin were identified by immuno-enzymatic methods in the sera of a third of patients with tumors of different localizations.

[Immunodepressive action of anthracycline antibiotics studied on 2 different transplantation immunity models]. / Issledovanie immunodepressivnogo deistviia antratsiklinovykh antibiotikov na dvukh razlichnykh modeliakh transplantatsionnogo immuniteta.

The effect of carminomycin and rubomycin in equitoxic doses on the reaction of rejection of the allogenic skin graft and the reaction of the transplant to the host in mice (RTAH) was studied. Carminomycin significantly hampered the rejection of the skin graft and under certain conditions prevented development of the RTAH which indicated suppression of the formation of the clone of the immune T-killers. Rubomycin almost did not hamper the rejection of the skin graft and had no effect on the RTAH which indicated the absence of the selective effect on the system of K-killers. Carminomycin eliminated the RTAH only when it was administered to the recipients of the allogenic lymphoid cells 24 hours after implantation of the cells to the mice treated with cyclophosphamide. When carminomycin was administered to the donors of lymphoid cells 24 hours before the beginning of the experiment, it did not suppress the ability of the cells from these donors to induce the RTAH. Therefore, its effect was directed to the precursors of T-killers activated in the host of the allogenic recipient.

[Development of antitumor immunity in animals treated with carminomycin]. / Razvitie protivoopukholevogo immuniteta u zhivotnykh, lechennykh karminomitsinom.

Sensitivity of the mice inoculated with ascitic NK/Ly cells and cured with carminomycin to repeated inoculation with the same tumour was studied. It was found that curing with carminomycin was accompanied by development of resistance to the repeated inoculation. Such resistance might be transferred to intact singeneic mice with a suspension of the cells of the spleen or lymph nodes from unsusceptible donors. The transfer of the thymus cells from the above donors protected the recipients only partially. The spleen cells from intact donors, as well as their lymph node cells did not inhibit the tumour development. The thymus cells of the intact mice induced some suppression, thus probably favouring the active immune response in the recipient. Curing of the NK/Ly-inoculated mice with carminomycin was a more effective method for induction of immunity to the tumour than immunization of mice with NK/Ly cells inactivated by UV irradiation in vitro