A Model of Short Bowel Syndrome in Rodents in a Long-Term Experiment.

Simulation of short bowel syndrome (SBS) in experimental animals is of great interest for studies in translational medicine. The processes of intestinal adaptation are most often studied in rats aged 8-10 weeks with up to 70% resection the small bowel. In this case, the animals are euthanized in 2 weeks after the surgery; further development of the pathological process remains practically unexplored. In our experiment, a number of blood biochemical parameters and morphological signs of intestinal adaptation were assessed within 34 weeks after surgery. It was shown that after resection of 70% of the small bowel in rats (180±15 g), clinical symptoms are observed only during the first 2 weeks, however, the mortality in the group was observed throughout the entire period of the study in the absence of clear clinical signs. Morphological compensatory changes in the walls of the small intestine continued up to 34 weeks after resection, and their morphometry can be used to describe adaptation in the dynamics of the study.

[About the complex system of requirements on the everyday safety of servicemen].

The article is based on studies of medical and technical problems of habitability, livelihoods, military; environment and service troops justified the structure and content of the complex system requirements on the everyday safety of servicemen. It summarizes the scientific and educational methods to the accounting of the human factor in military facilities. Allowable limits and hygienic standards are the foundation of life safety of personnel. Extreme conditions are characterized by emergencies and injury.

[Problems of hygiene of children and adolescents in the military health care].

The article presents the current issues hygiene mechanical prevention of disease in the younger generation in re-formation of the Russian Armed Forces, the economy, health, education and ecological trouble.

[Ultrastructural characteristic of gunpowder charge remains in forensic medical examination of gunshot bullet injuries].

Particles of 3 different marks of gunpowder, withdrawing from experimental gunshot injuries, were examined with scanning electronic microscopy. Features of ultrastructure, making possible to differentiate gunpowder of studied marks, were detected.

[Mechanisms of acute respiratory insufficiency in patients with hyperglycemic coma]. / O mekhanizmakh ostroi dykhatel'noi nedostatochnosti u bol'nykh s giperglikemicheskimimi komami.

Basic parameters of pulmonary gas exchange, central and pulmonary hemodynamics, and colloid osmotic pressure were investigated in 31 patients in diabetic hyperglycemic coma over the course of intensive care. Pulmonary gas exchange disorders were observed in all patients in the presence of increased shunting of the blood in the lungs and disorders of transcapillary liquid exchange. On the other hand, we failed to obtain data indicative of an increase in the volume of extravascular water in the lungs. However, it does not rule out the possibility of iatrogenic disorders of gas exchange during noncontrolled rehydration.

[Radiation hygiene studies of the health status of the Altai Territory population]. / Radiatsionno-gigienicheskie issledovaniia sostoianiia zdorov'ia naseleniia Altaiskogo kraia.

The regional problems of radiation hygiene are discussed. Multileveled regulation and classification of EED from artificial and natural sources of ionizing radiation for the Altai Territory are elaborated. Data on other sources of the radiation are also dealt with.

[Environmental pollution and congenital abnormalities according to the data of environmental health monitoring]. / Zagriaznenie okruzhaiushchei sredy i vrozhdennye poroki razvitiia po materialam gigienicheskogo monitoringa.

Study of the environmental pollution (ambient air, drinking water, food and fodder) in southern Ukraine industrial region and study of congenital developmental defects were carried out. 78,678 newborns were examined. The most significant environmental factors responsible for congenital developmental defects, as authors proposed, were the ambient air pollution and environmental radioactivity.

[Experimental analysis of the main stages of immunogenesis in severe polytrauma]. / Eksperimental'nyi analiz osnovnykh étapov immunogeneza pri tiazheloi politravme.

The condition of the main stages of immunogenesis was studied in F1 (CBA X C57Bl6) hybrid mice in the search for the means for correcting posttraumatic immunodeficiency in severe polytrauma. The response of the immune system to a severe polytrauma was characterized by the development of emergency adaptational and pathological processes. The migration of stem hematopoietic cells and T-lymphocytes increased, the inducing capacity of macrophages was intensified, the migration capacity of B-lymphocytes diminished in increase of their differentiation from pre-B-cells, the inhibiting activity of T-suppressors reduced. The humoral immune response is restricted against this background. Deficiency of T-cell helper function was the main pathogenetic factor in the formation of posttraumatic immunodeficiency. Replacement of this function by interleukin-2 may possibly be an effective method for correcting posttraumatic immunodeficiency.

[Correction of immunological status of patients with cholelithiasis for the prevention of postoperative complications]. / Korrektsiia immunologicheskogo statusa u bol'nykh s zhelchno- kamennoi bolezn'iu s tsel'iu preduprezhdeniia posleoperatsionnykh oslozhnenii.

An investigation of immune status of patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis prior to operation and in the postoperative period has proved the development of a pronounced secondary immune deficiency involving T and B-systems of the immune control as well as factors of nonspecific resistance. These changes may be considered as risk factors of the development of infectious complications in the postoperative period. Prophylactics of the secondary immune deficiency by administration of Contrical is indicated which permitted the amount of postoperative complications and the period of stay at the hospital to be decreased.

[Automatic calculation, using a programmed calculator, of basic central hemodynamic parameters determined by impedance plethysmography]. / Avtomaticheskoe vychislenie s pomoshch'iu programmiruemogo kal'kuliatora osnovnykh pokazatelei tsentral'noi gemodinamiki na osnove tetrapoliarnoi grudnoi reografii.

Programmes for the calculation of basic hemodynamic parameters determined by impedance plethysmography, using microcalculator "Electronika MK-61" and its function analogues are presented. Programmed calculations save time and increase the accuracy of calculations especially in large-scale investigations.

[Autonomic nervous system function of euthyroid and thyrotoxic goiter patients]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie vegetativnoi nervnoi sistemy u bol'nykh éutireoidnym y tireotoksicheskim zobom.

Variation pulsometry, a method of mathematical analysis of the cardiac rhythm, was used to assess function of the autonomic nervous system in patients with euthyroid and thyrotoxic goiter. Simultaneously orthostatic tests for a selective effect on parts of the autonomic nervous system were done. A total of 46 patients were examined: 16 with nodular forms of euthyroid goiter and 30 with thyrotoxic goiter III. In the patients with euthyroid goiter a moderate degree and in the patients with thyrotoxicosis a pronounced degree of tension of both parts of the regulation system were revealed. At the visceropathic stage of thyrotoxicosis, intra-endocrine interrelationships with the blockade of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system are changed that can be of importance for working out medicamentous preoperative preparation of patients.