[The relationship between the parameters of mineral density of bone tissue and somatotype in women residing in the Republic of Karelia].

Comprehensive anthropometric and densitometric study using the dual x-ray absorptiometry was conducted to determine the relationship between the mineral density of bone tissue and somatotype in 360 women aged 20 to 87 years, permanently residing in the Republic of Karelia. Significant direct correlation was detected between the somatotype and the amount of mineral substances in the vertebrae, bone mineral density and the area of the lumbar vertebrae. Bone mineral density level of the lumbar vertebrae was higher in women with europlastic and athletic somatotypes, which were characterized by high values of body mass and length, body muscle and fat mass. Low values of bone mineral density of vertebrae were identified in women belonging to subathletic, mesoplastic and stenoplastic somatotypes. The risk of developing osteopenia and osteoporosis is increased in women with low body muscle mass.

[Criteria of personal identification by the hyoid bone].

We studied 16 sizes of the hyoid bone (HB) from 158 corpses of known gender, Russians, who had died at the age over 15 years by the K. Miller et al program (1998) and 205 back projection electroroentgenograms of the neck of patients of the traumatological hospital in the town of Kirov. HB skeletization was made by the enzymatic drug enzyme. SPSS package and multidimentional statistics (regression and discriminant analyses) were used for data processing. It was established that HB is an informative object of forensic medical personal identification allowing determination of the body length and gender as well as anatomical, x-ray and osteometric individual features. Precision of human body length diagnosis by HB is 6.71-7.26 cm. Therefore, this method should be used in combination with the diagnosis by long tubular bones. Diagnosis of human gender by osteometric signs of HB based on one-dimentional discriminant analysis is feasible in 80-85%, based on canonical discriminant analysis--in 91.1% cases. The method of anatomic, osteometric and roentgenological assessment of HB individuality can be used in personal identification by intravital x-ray of cervical organs and in traumatic defects of HB. The methods may be applied in forensic medical practice in expert examination of body fragments or isolated bone fragments.

[Age-specific time course of growth of cervical vertebrae and its potential for use in the evaluation of jaw development]. / Vozrastnaia dinamika rosta tel pozvonkov sheinogo otdela i vozmozhnosti ee ispol'zovaniia dlia otsenki potentsiala rosta cheliustei.

A total of 370 lateral roentgenograms of the cervical part of the spine of children and adolescents of both sexes aged 6-18 years are analyzed. Time course of changes in the vertebrae is described on the basis of statistical data processing. Classification of stages in formation of vertebral apophyses is created. The authors prove impossibility of using cervical vertebrae for quantitative evaluation of the growth potential. A method for qualitative rapid diagnosis of biological age is proposed.

[Synostosis dynamics in human long tubular bones]. / O dinamike sinostozirovaniia dlinnykh trubchatykh kostei cheloveka.

More than 8,000 roentgenograms and electroroentgenograms of brachial, ulnar, radiocarpal, coxofemoral, knee, talocrural joints have been studied in persons of both sex at the age from birth up to 25 years. The synostosis degree is appreciated by the six-mark system. The roentgenological data are corroborate histologically. The method of appreciation applied makes it possible to reveal cases of initially forming synostosis long before puberty. Three stages of synostosis process are defined. The first stage--slow increase of the synostosis mark. The second--quick synostosis formation. The third--final stage. According to the stages defined, a comparative analysis of the synostosis process in all metaepiphyseal zones of all long tubular bones, peculiarities of the process depending on the sex are demonstrated. The data on the time, when the points of ossification appear, on the beginning and completion of synostosis process in all metaepiphyseal zones of the long tubular bones are presented.

[Changes in the size of the long tubular bones and body weight of rats exercised at different times of the day]. / Izmeneniia razmerov dlinnykh trubchatykh kostei i massy tela u krys pri fizicheskoi nagruzke, dozirovannoi po vremeni sutok.

The observations were performed in autumn in 100 rats at the age of 1 month. The animals were trained in a horizontal treadmill with the speed 40 m/min, beginning with 3 min/day and gradually increasing the time up to 30 min. The control animals were not trained, the test animals were trained either once a day (at 7 a. m., 3 p. m., 11 p. m.), or three times a day and the total loading was equal to a single loading. The animals were weighed daily. Elongation of the bones, increase in their mass and in the body mass were different at training during different time of the day and the effect was not similar in different bones. Certain sexual differences of the training effect were revealed.

[Effect of different types of sports on skeletal growth in child, adolescent and young sportsmen]. / Vliianie razlichnykh vidov sporta na rost skeleta u sportsmenov detskogo, podrostkovogo i iunosheskogo vozrastov.

The work represents a theoretical review on the influence of various kinds of sport on the locomotorium. There exists a great discrepancy on how sport influences growth and synostosis in bones. The work from the Department of Normal Anatomy of the First Medical Institute, Leningrad is dedicated to the effects of various kinds of sport on the skeleton of young sportsmen and summarizes the results of the investigations performed. It is demonstrated that different kinds of sport affect differently the process of synostosis in tubular bones. The influence depends on the character of bones involving in the given kind of sport and on the character of physical loading. Thus, the process of synostosis depends not only on genetic factors, but also on social ones which include physical culture. Despite a great number of works dedicated to the study how different kinds of sport influence growth and synostosis of bones, regularities of the process remain to be clarified. Further investigations are needed.

[Microcirculatory bed of the pericardium under hypokinetic conditions]. / Mikrotsirkuliatornoe ruslo perikarda v usloviiakh gipokinezii

The pericardium microcirculatory bed of rabbits was studied under conditions of hypokinesia of different duration. The state of hypokinesia was obtained by keeping the animals in small cages. The used methods were silver nitrate impregnation after Kuprijanov and injection of the vessels with the Parisian blue. Hypokinesia caused certain anatomical changes in all links of the microcirculatory bed. Disorders in the capillary-venular link were the first to appear. The alterations found should be considered as adaptational to effects of the extreme factor--hypokinesia.