Women's Decision-Making Power on Modern Family Planning Use and Its Associated Factors in Northwest Ethiopia.

Introduction: Poor decision-making power on family planning among married women is a public health concern. Despite this, there is a scarcity of research done on decision-making power of family planning use as one of their basic human rights. The study is aimed at determining the magnitude of married women's decision-making power on family planning use and its associated factors. Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study that was conducted on married women from May, 01-30/2021. A multistage systematic random sampling technique was applied to select 620 eligible study participants. The study used semi-interviewer questionnaires to collect data, and the collected data were entered into EpiInfo version 3.7.2 and then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used. The strength of associations of variables was described by using odds ratio, 95% confidence level, and P values less than 0.05. Results: A total of 620 women were interviewed with 98% of the response rate. Overall, married women's decision-making power on family planning was 440 (71.0%). Odds of decision-making power on family planning use were higher among women who have primary education (AOR = 11.31, CI: 4.90-26.09) and secondary and above (AOR = 6.99, CI: 3.89-12.56) as compared with those who have no education. Husbands with secondary and above educational level (AOR = 3.27, CI: 1.58-6.78), having good knowledge about family planning use (AOR = 2.41, CI: 1.48-3.95) and having a good attitude towards family planning (AOR = 6.59, CI: 4.01-10.75), had higher odds of decision-making power on family planning. Conclusion: Women's educational status, knowledge, and attitude increased the odds of decision-making power on family planning. Therefore, the authors recommend awareness creation on family planning considering lower educational level as a priority to improve women's decision-making power.

Knowledge and Attitude Towards Non-Pharmacological Pain Management and Associated Factors Among Nurses Working in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State Hospitals in Western Ethiopia, 2018.

BACKGROUND: Millions of people worldwide are suffering from pain. Non-pharmacological therapy has an important role in the treatment of pain and is recognized as a valuable, simple help to lower the dosage of analgesic drugs needed, decreasing the side effects, reducing drug dependency and reducing health care costs; however, knowledge and attitude of nurses greatly affect the use of non-pharmacological pain management methods. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to assess knowledge and attitude towards non-pharmacological pain management and associated factors among nurses working in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State Hospitals, western Ethiopia, 2018. METHODS: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1st to May 1st, 2017. Two hundred sixteen nurses were selected by using simple random sampling. Data were collected by using a pretested self-administered structured questionnaire. Collected data were checked, coded and entered to Epi-Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used. RESULTS: A total of 209 professional nurses participated in the study, a 96.7% response rate. This study shows that 51.2% (95% CI: 51.1-51.3) of nurses had adequate knowledge and 47% (95% CI: 46.9-47.06) of nurses had a favorable attitude towards non-pharmacological pain management. The findings reveal that level of qualification (AOR=12.2 (3.05, 48.4)), taking educational courses (AOR=7.5 (2.7, 21.24)), nurse to patient ratio (AOR=4.9 (1.64, 14.55)) and work experience were factors significantly associated with knowledge. Findings also show that nurse to patient ratio (AOR=10.36 (2.8, 38.4)), training (AOR=4.6 (1.4, 15.4)) and knowledge of non-pharmacological pain management (AOR=4.3 (1.74, 10.56)) were significantly associated with nurses' attitude to non-pharmacological pain management. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Nurses in Benishangul Gumuz regional state hospitals have unfavorable attitude, but they have relatively adequate knowledge about non-pharmacological pain management. Work experience, level of education, nurse to patient ratio and taking educational courses were associated with nurses' knowledge, and nurse to patient ratio, training, and knowledge of non-pharmacological pain management were associated with nurses' attitude. Therefore, efforts should focus on innovative educational strategies for nurses, training and achieving a 1:6 nurse to patient ratio.