Type 1 Segmental Darier Disease: Case Report and Discussion of the Treatment Options.

Darier disease is a rare type of autosomal dominant genodermatosis, and it is caused by a mutation in the gene coding for the endoplasmic reticulum membrane calcium pump Ca2+-ATPase type 2, leading to compromised intercellular adhesion. Moreover, this condition is characterized by multiple keratotic greasy papules with a seborrheic distribution and is worsened by heat and sun exposure, sweating, and friction. Occasionally, it may be associated with nail abnormalities and may involve the mucosa. Unilateral segmental Darier disease is a rare variant characterized by unilateral eruption of erythematic keratotic papules not associated with other conditions. Herein, we report a case of type 1 segmental Darier disease. Furthermore, the main characteristics and treatment options are discussed.

The role of gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and the therapeutic effects of probiotics.

The adult intestine hosts a huge number of diverse bacterial species, collectively referred to as the microbiome, that reside mainly in the lower gut, where they maintain a symbiotic relationship with their host. Recent research points to a central role of the microbiome in many biological processes. These microbial communities are influenced by multiple environmental and dietary factors and can modulate immune responses. In addition to local effects on the gastrointestinal tract, the microbiota is associated with effects on other organs and tissues, such as the skin. Indeed, an altered microbiome has been associated with skin disorders in several instances. Thus, in this review, we describe the recent advances regarding the interplay between gut microbiota and the skin. We explore how this potential link affects skin homeostasis and its influence on modulating the cutaneous immune response, focusing on psoriasis disorder. Finally, we discuss how to take advantage of this interplay to manage this disorder, particularly through probiotics administration. In the gastrointestinal tract, the microbiome has been proven to be important in the maintenance of the balance between effector T cells and regulatory T cells, and the induction of immunoglobulin A. Moreover, gut bacterial dysbiosis is associated with chronic inflammatory disorders of the skin, such as psoriasis. Thus, the microbiome can be considered an effective therapeutical target for treating this disorder. Despite some limitations, interventions with probiotics seem promising for the development of a preventive therapy by restoring altered microbiome functionality or as an adjuvant in specific immunotherapy.