Utilizing nanotechnology and advanced machine learning for early detection of gastric cancer surgery.

Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising frontier in revolutionizing the early diagnosis and surgical management of gastric cancers. The primary factors influencing curative efficacy in GIC patients are drug inefficacy and high surgical and pharmacological therapy recurrence rates. Due to its unique optical features, good biocompatibility, surface effects, and small size effects, nanotechnology is a developing and advanced area of study for detecting and treating cancer. Considering the limitations of GIC MRI and endoscopy and the complexity of gastric surgery, the early diagnosis and prompt treatment of gastric illnesses by nanotechnology has been a promising development. Nanoparticles directly target tumor cells, allowing their detection and removal. It also can be engineered to carry specific payloads, such as drugs or contrast agents, and enhance the efficacy and precision of cancer treatment. In this research, the boosting technique of machine learning was utilized to capture nonlinear interactions between a large number of input variables and outputs by using XGBoost and RNN-CNN as a classification method. The research sample included 350 patients, comprising 200 males and 150 females. The patients' mean ± SD was 50.34 ± 13.04 with a mean age of 50.34 ± 13.04. High-risk behaviors (P = 0.070), age at diagnosis (P = 0.034), distant metastasis (P = 0.004), and tumor stage (P = 0.014) were shown to have a statistically significant link with GC patient survival. AUC was 93.54%, Accuracy 93.54%, F1-score 93.57%, Precision 93.65%, and Recall 93.87% when analyzing stomach pictures. Integrating nanotechnology with advanced machine learning techniques holds promise for improving the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, providing new avenues for precision medicine and better patient outcomes.

Smart nano generation of transgenic algae expressing white spot syndrome virus in shrimps for inner ear-oral infection treatments using the spotted hyena optimizer (SHO)-Long short-term memory algorithm.

Nanotechnology offers a promising avenue to amplify the effectiveness and precision of using transgenic algae in managing WSSV in shrimp by possibly crafting nano-carriers for targeted therapeutic agent delivery or modifying algae cells at a molecular level. Leveraging the capabilities of nano-scale interventions, this study could explore innovative means to manipulate cellular processes, control biological interactions, and enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing undesirable impacts in aquatic environments. The White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is a double-stranded DNA virus with a tail and rod form that belongs to theNimaviridaefamily. There is no workable way to manage this illness at the moment. This research proposes a new model based on the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Spotted Hyena Optimizer (SHO) method to control the inner ear-oral infection, utilizing transgenic algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii). It is pretty tricky to modify the weight matrix in LSTM. The output will be more accurate if the weight of the neurons is exact. Histological examinations and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing were performed on the challenged shrimp every 4 h to assess the degree of white spot disease. The SHO-LSTM has shown the highest accuracy and Roc value (98.12% and 0.93, respectively) and the lowest error values (MSE = 0.182 and MAE = 0.48). The hybrid optimized model improves the overall inner ear-oral linked neurological diseases detection ratio. Additionally, with the slightest technical complexity, it effectively controls the forecast factors required to anticipate the ENT. Algal cells were found to be particularly well-suited for inner ear-oral infections, and shrimps fed a transgenic line had the best survival ratio in WSSV infection studies, with 87% of the shrimp surviving. This shows that using this line would effectively stop the spread of WSSV in shrimp populations.

Seaweed biomass as a sustainable resource for synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Sargassum wightii ethanol extract and their environmental and biomedical applications through Gaussian mixture model.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) possess unique features that mak them a common matter among different industries. Nevertheless, traditional models of synthesizing ZnO-NPs are related with health and environmental and risks due to harmful chemicals. The biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was achieved using the hot water extract of Sargassum wightii (SW), which serves as a reducing agent. This extract is mixed with zinc precursors, initiating a bio-reduction process. UV-vis, FTIR, XRD, Raman, DLS, SEM, EDX, TEM imaging, and XPS analysis are used. The novelty of this research lies in utilizing a bio-reduction process involving hot water extract of SW to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles, providing a safer and eco-friendly alternative to traditional chemical methods. Here, the zinc oxide nanoparticles produced through the biosynthesis process effectively addressed oral infections (Streptococcus mutans) due to their ability to disrupt the integrity of bacterial cell membranes, interfere with cellular processes, and inhibit the growth and proliferation of bacteria responsible for oral infections. Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) uncover intricate patterns within medical data, enabling enhanced diagnostics, treatment personalization, and patient outcomes. This study aims to apply Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) to medical data for subpopulation identification and disease subtyping, contributing to personalized treatment strategies and improved patient care. With a dataset comprising 300 samples, the application of GMM showed lower BIC and AIC values (2500, 3200), a high Silhouette Score (0.65 from -1 to 1) reflecting well-defined clusters, Calinski-Harabasz (120) and Davies-Bouldin Indices (0.45). These metrics collectively underscored the model's success in revealing distinct patterns within the data. ZnO-nanocoated aligners were effective against Streptococcus mutans, with the maximum antibacterial effect observed for 2 days and lasting for 7 days.

Efficacy of Patellar Taping and Electromyographic Biofeedback Training at Various Knee Angles on Quadriceps Strength and Functional Performance in Young Adult Male Athletes with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The severity of the articular lesion is the single most essential element in investigating the extent of flexion that is required for activities. However, a prior study found no differences in muscle strength gains of quadriceps muscles at different knee angles in people with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Objective: The effects of patellar taping and electromyographic biofeedback (EMG-BF)-guided isometric quadriceps strengthening at different knee angles (e.g., 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion) on quadriceps strength and functional performance in people with PFPS were compared in this single-blind randomized controlled parallel trial. Methods: Sixty adult male athletes with PFPS (age: 26.9 ± 1.4 years) were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (n = 30) received patellar taping and EMG-BF-guided isometric contraction exercise at 30°, 60°, and 90° angles, and the control group (n = 30) received sham patellar taping without EMG-BF-guided exercises for six weeks. Pain intensity, knee function, muscle strength, and the single-leg triple hop (SLTH) test were assessed. Results: The pain intensity and SLTH scores between the groups were significantly different at the end of the trial (p ≤ 0.001). The EMG-BF and control groups had mean pain scores of 1.3 (0.8) and 4.5 (0.8), respectively. The EMG-BF and control groups had mean functional scores of 80.4 (5.1) and 69.1 (6.1), respectively. The mean SLTH score for the EMG-BF group was 540.7 (51.2) and for the control group it was 509.4 (49.8) after the trial. Quadriceps muscle strength was significantly higher in those who performed quadriceps strength training at 60° of knee flexion after six weeks than in those who performed strength training at 30° or 90° of knee flexion. Conclusion: The findings indicated that individuals who trained their quadriceps at a 60° knee angle had significantly stronger quadriceps muscles than individuals who trained at 30° or 90° of knee flexion. Trial Registration. This trial is registered at Clinical Trials.gov under the identifier NCT05055284.

Immunological insights of selectins in human disease mechanism.

Selectin enzymes are glycoproteins and are an important adhesion molecule in the mammalian immune system, especially in the inflammatory response and the healing process of tissues. Selectins play an important role in a variety of biological processes, including the rolling of leukocytes in endothelial cells, a process known as the adhesion cascade. It has recently been discovered and reported that the selectin mechanism plays a role in cancer and thrombosis disease. This process begins with non-covalent interactions-based selectin-ligand binding and the glycans play a role as a connector between cancer cells and the endothelium in this process. The selectin mechanism is critical for the immune system, but it is also involved in disease mechanisms, earning the selectins the nickname "Selectins-The Two Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Faces". As a result, the drug for selectins should have a multifaceted role and be a dynamic molecule that targets the disease mechanism specifically. This chapter explores the role of selectins in the disease mechanism at the mechanism level that provides the impact for identifying the selectin inhibitors. Overall, this chapter provides the molecular level insights on selectins, their ligands, involvement in normal and disease mechanisms.

Molecular studies of immunological enzyme clumping factor B for the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus with essential oils of Nigella sativa.

Essential oils from black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa) have largely been used in the manufacturing of nutraceuticals and functional food products due to the presence of a wide variety of bioactive compounds. However, their applications in the pharmaceutical sector have recently attracted interest and started blooming. The present research elucidates the in silico and in vitro efficacies of active leads from essential oil of N sativa against the human pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Biofilm development has become an inevitable situation in the health care sector. Lowering the efficacies of antimicrobial drugs is one of the vital ramifications that resulted in the emergence of multidrug resistance. Clumping factor B (clfB) of S aureus plays a key role in the human immune functions during pathogenesis. Through STRING analysis, the interacting protein partners of clfB were found to regulate biofilm pathway. Therefore, eight ligands from essential oil are docked with the critical clfB protein, which revealed p-cymene, thymoquinone and carvacrol as the robust ligands with highest binding affinity. Therefore, antibiofilm potential of N sativa essential oil at in vitro states was evaluated against S aureus. Further, real time PCR analysis showed that the expression of clfB and intercellular adhesion gene (icaA and icaD) was significantly altered upon treatment with essential oil. Altogether, the findings confirmed the antibiofilm efficacy of N sativa essential oil against S aureus. Hence, the essential oil from N. sativa was envisaged to be promising candidate to treat S aureus biofilm mediated infection.

Rhaponticin suppresses osteosarcoma through the inhibition of PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway.

Osteosarcoma is the frequent pediatric bone cancer where pediatric osteosarcoma incidences are more than 10% within the population. Most of the patients with osteosarcoma fall within the age of 15-30 years. Therefore, in this research, we examined the anticancer effect of Rhaponticin against the human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells. The cytotoxicity of Rhaponticin on the MC3T3-E1 and MG-63 cells was examined through the MTT assay. The intracellular ROS accumulation, cell nuclear morphological alterations, apoptotic cell death and nuclear damages, and MMP status of Rhaponticin administered MG-63 cells were inspected by fluorescent staining techniques. The cell migration was assessed through scratch assay. The mRNA expressions of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling proteins were studied by RT-PCR analysis. Rhaponticin showed potent cytotoxicity, substantially inhibited the MG-63 cell growth, and displayed morphological alterations. However, rhaponticin did not affect the MC3T3-E1 cell viability. Rhaponticin administered MG-63 cells demonstrated augmented intracellular ROS accretion, weakened MMP, increased nuclear damages, and increased apoptosis. Rhaponticin effectively down-regulated the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling cascade in the MG-63 cells. These outcomes proved that the Rhaponticin can be a hopeful chemotherapeutic agent in the future to treat human osteosarcoma.

Efficacy of Electromyographic-Biofeedback Supplementation Training with Patellar Taping on Quadriceps Strengthening in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome among Young Adult Male Athletes.

This study compares the effects of electromyographic-biofeedback (EMG-BF)-guided isometric quadriceps strengthening with patellar taping and isometric exercise alone in patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) among young adult male athletes. Sixty young adult male athletes with PFPS participated in the study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: (1) EMG-BF-guided isometric exercise training with patellar taping (experimental group, n = 30), and (2) sham EMG-BF training with an isometric exercise program (control group, n = 30). Participants conducted their respective exercise programs for five days per week across four weeks. Study outcomes were pain (measured by the visual analog scale), functional disability (measured by the Kujala Anterior Knee Pain scale), and quadriceps strength (measured by an ISOMOVE dynamometer). Measurements were taken at baseline, Week 2, Week 4, and during a follow-up at Week 6. The experimental group demonstrated significantly lower VAS score at Weeks 2 and 4 compared to that of the control group (p = 0.008 and 0.0005, respectively). The score remained significantly lower at the Week 6 follow-up compared to the control group (p = 0.0005). There were no differences in knee function at Weeks 2 and 4 between the two groups (p = 0.086 and 0.171, respectively); however, the experimental group showed significantly better knee function at Week 6 compared to the control group (p = 0.002). There were no differences in quadriceps strength at Week 2 between the two groups (p = 0.259); however, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher quadriceps strength at Weeks 4 and 6 compared to the control group (p = 0.0008). Four weeks of EMG-BF supplementation training with patellar taping demonstrated significant improvements in pain intensity, functional disability, and quadriceps muscle strength in young adult male athletes with PFPS.

Efficacy and Mechanisms of Flavonoids against the Emerging Opportunistic Nontuberculous Mycobacteria.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are the causative agent of severe chronic pulmonary diseases and is accountable for post-traumatic wound infections, lymphadenitis, endometritis, cutaneous, eye infections and disseminated diseases. These infections are extremely challenging to treat due to multidrug resistance, which encompasses the classical and existing antituberculosis agents. Hence, current studies are aimed to appraise the antimycobacterial activity of flavonoids against NTM, their capacity to synergize with pharmacological agents and their ability to block virulence. Flavonoids have potential antimycobacterial effects at minor quantities by themselves or in synergistic combinations. A cocktail of flavonoids used with existing antimycobacterial agents is a strategy to lessen side effects. The present review focuses on recent studies on naturally occurring flavonoids and their antimycobacterial effects, underlying mechanisms and synergistic effects in a cocktail with traditional agents.

Photosynthesized gold nanoparticles from Catharanthus roseus induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in cervical cancer cells (HeLa).

Bionanotechnology has pivotal role in the development of a novel therapy, applications of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the treatment of cancer. In this study, we found that therapeutics, pharmaceutics and diagnostic effectiveness of photosynthesized Catharanthus roseus (CR) AuNPs induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic signalling pathways via reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced cytotoxicity in cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) by in vitro model. The present examinations were for the most part centred around the gold chloride and photosynthesis AuNPs from the fluid leaf concentrate of CR and their harmful impacts on HeLa cell lines. The synthesized AuNPs were characterized using numerous biophysical analyses such as UV-vis, DLS, EDX, HR-TEM, SAED, FTIR and AFM. The synthesized AuNPs in the particle size range of 25-35 nm was confirmed by HR-TEM. The element gold and the crystalline nature of AuNPs were finalized using EDX, respectively. Anticancer potential of CR-AuNPs was studied using HeLa cells and the cytotoxic mechanism has been evaluated using MTT, mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway through AO/EtBr staining assay, pro-apoptotic (Bax), anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2 and Bid) protein expression western blotting analysis and caspases activity using ELISA analysis. In in vitro study, the IC50 of HeLa cells was found to be 5 µg/ml confirmed using MTT assay. The present data revealed that drug delivery vehicles developed on CR-AuNPs nanocomplexes might include extensive purpose in human cancer diagnosis and treatment.