A rare case of congenital lobar emphysema presenting as recurrent pneumonia in early adulthood: A case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION AND SIGNIFICANCE: Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a rare but important lung malformation typically discovered in the newborn period. Some rare cases are reported in adults. It can present with various respiratory symptoms. Diagnosis relies primarily on chest CT scans, and the main treatment is surgery. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a young girl with recurrent respiratory infections who was misdiagnosed with a pneumothorax. A chest tube was inserted. Later, CLE was identified, and the affected lung lobe was surgically removed. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: This case highlights the importance of including CLE in the differential diagnosis for hyperinflation of a lung lobe. A CT scan is crucial for confirmation. CONCLUSION: Congenital lobar emphysema is a rare disease that primarily affects children. Most children with CLE experience symptoms and require surgery. In adults, CLE is uncommon, and surgery is based on the severity of symptoms and radiological findings.

Diagnosis and management of a rare case of encysted hydrocele of spermatic cord: Case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: A hydrocele is typically a non-cancerous condition that arises from the accumulation of fluid between the layers of the vaginal process. Diagnosis primarily involves a physical examination. In instances where the condition is mistaken for other pathological conditions, additional investigations may be undertaken. Surgical intervention is typically deferred until after the age of one year, unless the hydrocele is significantly large. CASE PRESENTATION: A case was presented of a 4-year-old boy who was referred to the hospital with a suspected deep inguinal hernia. Upon examination, it was determined that the mass was actually an encysted hydrocele of spermatic cord. The patient underwent a minimally invasive surgery to remove the spermatocele, and the procedure was successful. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: This emphasizes the importance of obtaining a detailed patient history and conducting a comprehensive physical examination, which often provide sufficient information to make a diagnosis. In many instances, these initial steps can spare patients from undergoing additional tests that may be invasive or pose unnecessary risks. CONCLUSION: It is important to note that in cases of hydroceles, conservative treatment, such as observation, is the primary approach before the age of one year. Surgery is typically reserved for older children or those with large hydroceles.