The negative association of perceived stress with adolescents' life satisfaction during the pandemic period: The moderating role of school community support.

Purpose: To analyze the association of perceived stress on the life satisfaction of Chilean adolescents during the recent pandemic, and to evaluate the moderating role that school community support provides. Methods: A total of 1337 adolescents in Chile (56.6% females), aged 14 through 19 (M = 15.99; SD = 1.3) participated. Descriptive statistics, a multiple linear regression model, and moderation analysis were all employed. Results: Females were associated with lower levels of Life Satisfaction (B = -0.19, p = .042), which was not the case for the Age variable (p = .160). The level of Perceived Stress was shown to have a negative association on Life Satisfaction (B = -1.93, p < .001). The moderation analysis revealed an interaction factor between Perceived Stress and School Community Support as predictors of Life Satisfaction (B = 0.37, t = 4.91, p < .001), showing that higher levels of School Community Support moderated the negative effect of Perceived Stress on Life Satisfaction. Conclusions: Perceived stress during the pandemic had a negative association on life satisfaction. School community support was a protective factor for this negative effect, even in the case of online classes due to school closures. Strengthening the connection between adolescents and their school communities along with providing additional tools and resources in support of such a connection are both essential.

Perceptions of professionals about factors affecting the implementation of early childhood support systems: A case study evaluation from an ecological perspective.

This evaluation research looked at factors affecting collaboration across the various levels of implementation of early childhood support systems. An ecological conceptual framework was used to examine barriers and facilitators to implementing social and health care services from the perspective of the professionals involved at the national, state, and local level of government. A single case study following a qualitative research strategy was conducted with a total of 29 professionals from social development and health ministries, one municipality and a family health center responsible for implementing the Chile Grows with You system. The results show that at the national level, the main factors include socio-political aspects, funding, and the empathy that professional employees hold for peers who are at lower rungs in the hierarchy. At the state level workplace conditions play a key role. For the local level those factors include information system management and the political support of the local government. The discussion section emphasizes the relevance of considering the interdependence of such factors that influence implementation outcomes and the need to move away from a single program evaluation to a multilevel implementation analysis of public policy.

Child Well-Being in Latin America: contributions to child indicators research.

This Special Issue was compiled to advance an interdisciplinary understanding of the complexity of conceptualizations, determinants, consequences, and measurement of child well-being of children and adolescents fully devoted to Latin-American. It seeks to enhance by contributing with studies on socioeconomic determinants and access to material goods, as well as regarding the conditions of urban life, the school, the neighbourhood, including personal aspects, while considering contributions in instrumental resources for research. This is an important step forward for the well-being researchers in a region of the world that still needs a lot of new scientific knowledge, and where many new actions should be undertaken to improve children and adolescent's well-being. We hope that as a result of this special issue, the scientific research in this field will increase in Latin America.

A sense of community at school and the subjective well-being of Chilean students.

Understand the degree to which a Sense of Community at School can predict the Life Satisfaction of Chilean students in the fifth and seventh grades. The classroom and school components will be presented separately. The research was designed as a descriptive study using a survey with a probabilistic sample made up of 1959 students (52.6% male and 47.4% female) in the fifth and seventh grades at elementary schools in the cities of Concepción and Santiago in Chile. A multiple linear regression analysis was done using the Multidimensional Scales of School Sense of Community (SOC-S) and Classroom Sense of Community (SOC-C) as predictors of life satisfaction measured with the Student Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS). Multigroup analysis was conducted to make comparisons by sex and grade. The dimension of "sense of belonging and emotional connection" of the SOC-C and the dimension of "belonging" of the SOC-S predict life satisfaction for fifth grade students. The additional dimension of "emotional connection" of the SOC-S scale was included for the seventh-grade students. The sense that one is part of the school community is a dimension that affects childhood life satisfaction. Its level of contribution varies by age, with the sense of belonging and emotional connection variables being the relevant ones.

Access to material resources and the subjective well-being of children in Brazil and Chile.

This article analyzes the relationships between the material conditions and the subjective well-being of 3,716 children (50.5% girls) between 10 and 12 years of age (M = 11.4) in Chile and Brazil. These are the two Latin American countries that took part in the third wave of the Children's Worlds research. The material conditions of the children were assessed using latent classes. A multivariate analysis of covariance was done next in order to test the influence of material conditions over the children's subjective well-being and interpersonal relationships. The association between gender and country variables of the children was also studied. The results showed that although the average subjective well-being scores of the children were high in general, the class analysis showed significant differences between the results for children with better material conditions than those with poorer material conditions. The latter group presented lower subjective well-being levels. MANCOVA was used to analyze the mean differences in subjective well-being levels and interpersonal relationships controlling variables of gender and country of residence. This showed that children with greater access to better material conditions showed significantly higher levels of subjective well-being levels and had a more positive view of their interpersonal relationships in all areas assessed compared to those who reported worse material conditions. These results are discussed in view of the high indices of material deprivation that exist in Latin America during childhood as well as how these findings may help better understand the well-being of children living in Latin American countries.

Robotic surgery at ABC Medical Center: first 500 procedures experience.

BACKGROUND: Robotic surgery is a technological advance that is used in multiple surgical specialties in the world. Its acceptance in various areas has been supported by comparative studies with laparoscopic surgery and open surgery. OBJECTIVE: To document the robotic surgery program initial experience in a private hospital of Mexico City by analyzing its results and complications. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The first 500 robotic surgeries practiced at ABC Medical Center were included, covering a three-year period (January 2017 to December 2019). The following was documented: specialties involved, surgeries broken down by specialty and type of surgery, surgical times, complications and number of doctors involved in the initial experience. RESULTS: Out of 500 patients, 367 (73.4 %) were males and 133 (26.4 %) were females. The three most common surgeries were radical prostatectomy (269), hysterectomy (64) and inguinal repair (33). Average age was 58 years (range: 18 to 90 years). A total of 40 certified surgeons from five specialties performed all the procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Starting a program in a private medical center has several implications. The creation of a robotic surgery committee made up of certified robotic surgery specialists from each specialty and hospital authorities for the accreditation of guidelines for both certification and recertification of their doctors can benefit programs like ours by creating a center of excellence in robotic surgery and thus reduce complications and improve results.

ANTECEDENTES: La cirugía robótica se utiliza en múltiples especialidades quirúrgicas a nivel mundial. OBJETIVO: Documentar la experiencia inicial del programa de cirugía robótica en un hospital de práctica privada. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se incluyen las primeras 500 cirugías robóticas realizadas en el Centro Médico ABC, abarcando un periodo de tres años. Se documentan especialidades involucradas así como datos transoperatorios principales. RESULTADOS: De 500 pacientes, 367 (73.4%) fueron de sexo masculino y 133 (26.4%) de sexo femenino. Las tres cirugías más realizada fueron prostatectomía radical (269), seguido de histerectomía (64) y plastia inguinal (33). Un total de 40 médicos certificados de cinco especialidades realizaron la totalidad de los procedimientos. CONCLUSIONES: El iniciar un programa en un centro médico privado tiene diversas implicaciones. La creación de un comité de cirugía robótica integrado por médicos especialistas certificados en cirugía robótica de cada especialidad y autoridades del hospital para la acreditación de lineamientos tanto para la certificación como la recertificación de sus médicos puede beneficiar a programas como el nuestro por crear un centro de excelencia de cirugía robótica, disminuyendo complicaciones y mejorando resultados.

Cirugía robótica en el Centro Médico ABC: experiencia en los primeros 500 procedimientos realizados / Robotic surgery at ABC Medical Center: first 500 procedures experience

Resumen Antecedentes: La cirugía robótica se utiliza en múltiples especialidades quirúrgicas a nivel mundial. Objetivo: Documentar la experiencia inicial del programa de cirugía robótica en un hospital de práctica privada. Material y método: Se incluyen las primeras 500 cirugías robóticas realizadas en el Centro Médico ABC, abarcando un periodo de tres años. Se documentan especialidades involucradas así como datos transoperatorios principales. Resultados: De 500 pacientes, 367 (73.4%) fueron de sexo masculino y 133 (26.4%) de sexo femenino. Las tres cirugías más realizada fueron prostatectomía radical (269), seguido de histerectomía (64) y plastia inguinal (33). Un total de 40 médicos certificados de cinco especialidades realizaron la totalidad de los procedimientos. Conclusiones: El iniciar un programa en un centro médico privado tiene diversas implicaciones. La creación de un comité de cirugía robótica integrado por médicos especialistas certificados en cirugía robótica de cada especialidad y autoridades del hospital para la acreditación de lineamientos tanto para la certificación como la recertificación de sus médicos puede beneficiar a programas como el nuestro por crear un centro de excelencia de cirugía robótica, disminuyendo complicaciones y mejorando resultados.

Abstract Background: Robotic surgery is used in different surgical specialties worldwide. Objective: To documents the initial experience in a private hospital in the use robotic surgery in different surgical areas. Material and Methods: We included the first 500 robotic surgeries in our hospital in a 3 year period, documenting specialty and operative information. Results: Of the 500 patients, 367 (73.4%) were male and 133 (26.4%) female. The three most frequent surgeries performed were Radical Prostatectomy (269), Hysterectomy (64) an inguinal repair (33). A total of 40 certified surgeons ranging from 5 specialties performed the total number of surgeries. Conclusions: There are several implications in starting a robotic program in a private hospital setting. The creation of a robotic committee, formed by robotic certified physicians and hospital authorities, has helped in the certification process of its staff, lowering the complication rate and obtaining better surgical results.

Analysis of public policy formulation and its effect on the technical and professional work of the community psychologist: A case study.

The academic and professional relationship between Community Psychology and public policy is increasing, especially as pertaining to social issues. An important discussion is to be had regarding the complexity, degrees of complementarity, and contributions of this link, as well as its risks for the discipline of Community Psychology. In this context, this study asks the following question: What are the dynamics of public policy formulation for extreme poverty in Chile and its effect on the technical definition of the psychologists' work, and what alternatives this opens up for a discussion on the relationship between Community Psychology and public policies? A qualitative and idiographic methodological approach is used, based on Grounded Theory by Strauss & Corbin (2002) and the Case Study by Coller (2000), to analyze semistructured interviews with 10 policymakers of the Chile Seguridades y Oportunidades policy and nine legislative and technical documents that support this policy. The results show that the technical work of the psychologist who participates in public policy towards extreme poverty is affected and configured by the mechanisms and dynamics of the connection between the various frameworks of meaning of policy formulation. These frames of meaning affect the configuration of technical norms that, in a dynamic of reciprocal influence between notions of reference, notions of problem and notions of solution, affect and configure the professional tasks of the psychologists, in terms of the focus of their work, their objectives, levels of intervention and interdisciplinary work.

Políticas de bienestar en contextos neoliberales: tensiones del modelo chileno / Políticas de bem-estar em contextos neoliberais: tenções do modelo chileno / Policy of welfare in neoliberal contexts: tensions of the Chilean model / Protection sociale dans des contextes neoliberaux: tensions du modèle chilien

Las sociedades latinoamericanas contemporáneas se han visto tensionadas por los conflictos entre múltiples visiones sobre la articulación entre crecimiento económico y políticas sociales. Este artículo expone el análisis desde el enfoque de marcos interpretativos que, desde la perspectiva constructivista, permite profundizar en la dimensión simbólica y representacional de las políticas. A partir de reflexiones teóricas y análisis sobre las visiones en la protección social en discusiones parlamentarias en el caso de Chile, la finalidad es aportar a una perspectiva de análisis que permita indagar en los procesos de cambio de las políticas sociales, y mostrar cómo el eje en las ideas ofrece una mejor comprensión de la estabilidad y el cambio de las políticas sociales.

As sociedades latino-americanas contemporâneas se viram tensionadas por conflitos entre múltiplas visões sobre a articulação entre crescimento econômico e políticas sociais. Este artigo apresenta a análise de quadros interpretativos que, a partir da perspectiva construtivista, permitem aprofundar a dimensão simbólica e representativa das políticas. A partir de reflexões teóricas e análises sobre as visões de proteção social em discussões parlamentares, no caso do Chile, a finalidade é trazer uma perspectiva de análise que permita indagar sobre os processos de mudança das políticas sociais e mostrar como o eixo, nas ideias, oferece uma compreensão melhor da estabilidade e da mudança das políticas sociais.

Complex Laparoscopic Myomectomy with Severe Adhesions Performed with Proper Preventive Measures and Power Morcellation Provides a Safe Choice in Certain Infertility Cases.

Laparoscopic myomectomy offers a real benefit to infertile patients with uterine fibroids and peritoneal adhesions. The procedure requires a skilled surgeon and laparoscopy technique to minimize adhesion formation and other proven benefits. Restrictions arise since this procedure requires power morcellation for fibroid tissue extraction. Two years ago, the Food and Drug Administration in the United States of America (FDA) issued the alert on power morcellation for uterine leiomyomas, addressing the risk of malignant cell spreading within the abdominal cavity (actual risk assessment from 1 in 360 to 1 in 7400 cases). We review a 30-year-old female, without previous gestations, hypermenorrhea, intermenstrual bleeding, and chronic pelvic pain. Transvaginal ultrasound reports multiple fibroids in the right portion of a bicornuate uterus. Relevant history includes open myomectomy 6 years before and a complicated appendectomy, developing peritonitis within a year. Laparoscopy revealed multiple adhesions blocking uterine access, a bicornuate uterus, and myomas in the expected site. Myomectomy was performed utilizing power morcellation with good results. FDA recommendations have diminished this procedure's selection, converting many to open variants. This particular case was technically challenging, requiring morcellation, and safety device deployment was impossible, yet the infertility issue was properly addressed. Patient evaluation, safety measures, and laparoscopy benefits may outweigh the risks in particular cases as this one.

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en los Estudiantes (SLSS) de Huebner en niños y niñas de 10 a 12 años de Chile / Psychometric properties of Huebner’s Satisfaction with Life in Students Scale (SLSS) in Chilean boys and girls between 10 and 12 years old

Este trabajo analiza las propiedades psicométricas de la escala SLSS de Huebner en una muestra de niños y niñas chilenos. Se aplicó a 1096 estudiantes de 10 a 12 años (M=11; DT= 0.89) que asistían a establecimientos municipales, particulares subvencionados y particulares pagados en las ciudades de Santiago, Valparaíso y Concepción. Se realizaron análisis de fiabilidad de consistencia interna, análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y confirmatorio (AFC). Los resultados exhiben una aceptable fiabilidad en tanto consistencia interna de la escala (α=.86), el análisis factorial arroja dos factores en la estructura factorial de la escala que se corresponden con satisfacción con la vida y deseo de cambio. Se discute la solución bifactorial del modelo seleccionado en tanto no se corresponde con lo comunmente reportado en otras investigaciones. El estudio reporta resultados del uso de SLSS en población infantil y aporta al uso y desarrollo de herramientas de medición de autorreporte para el estudio del bienestar subjetivo en niños chilenos

This article analyzes the psychometric properties of the Huebner’s SLSS in a sample of Chilean boys and girls. 1096 students participated in the study who had between 10 and 12 years old (M= 11; SD= 0.89) and attended public, semiprivate, and private schools in Santiago, Valparaíso and Concepción. The analysis includes reliability analysis of internal consistency, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results show an acceptable reliability of the scale (α =.86), and factor analysis indicates two factors in the factor structure of the scale that correspond to life satisfaction and desire of change. The discussion examines the bi-factor solution of the model because this finding does not fit the conclusions of previous research. This study expands the utilization of the SLSS in child population contributing to the development of assessment tools for social indicators that consider the self-report of subjective well-being in Chilean children

Bienestar Subjetivo y Calidad de Vida en la Infancia en Chile / Subjective Well-being and Children's Quality of Life in Chile / O Bem-estar Subjetivo e a Qualidade da Vida na Infância no Chile

El artículo presenta los resultados de la Encuesta Internacional sobre Bienestar Subjetivo infantil (ISCWeB), aplicada en Chile en el año 2012. El cuestionario fue aplicado a una muestra de 2.734 niños y niñas, de 8, 10 y 12 años, residentes de las tres principales zonas urbanas del país. Los resultados dan cuenta de una alta satisfacción con la vida, existiendo diferencias al considerar las variables nivel socioeconómico y sexo, así como también distintos aspectos. Los ámbitos mejor evaluados corresponden a la familia, bienes materiales, y salud; en detrimento de aspectos como el barrio y el colegio. Asimismo, se observa que el conocimiento y percepción de que se respetan los derechos de los niños y niñas, disminuye con la edad. Las conclusiones enfatizan la necesidad de profundizar en el estudio de esta temática.

The article presents the results of International Survey on Children's Well-being (ISCWeB), carried out in Chile in 2012. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 2.734 children, of 8, 10 and 12 year-old, residents of the three mayor urban areas of the country. Results show high levels of life satisfaction; however differences exist considering socio-economic and gender variables, as well as different aspects. Best rated aspects correspond to family, goods and health, detrimental to neighborhood and school. It is also noted that knowledge and perception that the Children's Rights are respected, decreases with age. Conclusions emphasize the need of further research on this subject.

O artigo apresenta os resultados da Pesquisa Internacional sobre Bem- Estar Subjetivo Infantil (ISCWeB), aplicada no Chile, em 2012. O questionário foi aplicado numa amostra de 2.734 crianças, de 8, 10 e 12 anos, moradores das três maiores áreas urbanas do pai. Os resultados mostram uma alta satisfação com a vida, havendo diferenças quando se consideram as variáveis socioeconômicas e de gênero e, também, diferentes aspectos. As áreas melhor avaliadas correspondem à família, aos bens materiais, e à saúde, em detrimento do bairro e da escola. Nota-se, também, que o conhecimento e a percepção que os direitos das crianças sejam respeitados diminuem com a idade. Os resultados emfatizan a neccesidade dum estudio mais aprofundado sobre este assunto.

Bienestar subjetivo y trabajo en jóvenes universitarios: estudio comparativo entre Chile y España / Subjective well-being and working in college students: a comparative study between Chile and Spain

Los estudiantes universitarios componen un grupo expuesto a diversas tensiones psicosociales en virtud de su adaptación a los nuevos entornos físicos y sociales a los que se enfrentan, situación que se complejiza más para aquellos que se insertan al mundo laboral. Esta investigación explora el estado y características del bienestar subjetivo de 1.456 jóvenes universitarios de Chile y España (Cataluña), utilizando la Escala de Satisfacción Global con la Vida (OLS) y el Índice de Bienestar Personal (PWI). Asimismo, se estudia la relación entre los niveles de satisfacción vital y el hecho de trabajar o no. Para ello, se determinaron coeficientes de fiabilidad del PWI, se comprobó su ajuste estadístico mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio y se construyeron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados indican que no existen diferencias significativas en el bienestar subjetivo entre los estudiantes universitarios que trabajan y los que no, en ninguno de los dos países...

College students compose a group exposed to diverse psychosocial stress factors in their adaptation to the new physical and social environments they confront. This situation is more complex for those that are working and studying. This research explores the status and characteristics of the subjective well-being of 1,456 university students in Chile and Spain, as measured by the scale of Overall Life Satisfaction (OLS) and the Personal Well-being Index (PWI). It also explores the relationship between levels of overall life satisfaction and the fact of working, or not. For this purpose, PWI reliability coefficients were determined, checked for statistical adjustment using confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation models were built. The results indicate no significant differences in subjective well-being among college students who work and those who do not, in either of the two countries...

Psychometric properties of the personal wellbeing index in Brazilian and Chilean adolescents including spirituality and religion / Propriedades psicométricas do personal wellbeing index em adolescentes brasileiros e chilenos incluindo espiritualidade e religião

This study compared the 7-item Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) with two other versions which include the domains "Spirituality" and "Religion", separately, in a sample of Brazilian (n = 1.047) and Chilean (n = 1.053) adolescents. A comparison of psychometric properties between the PWI versions was carried out through multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showing adequate adjustments (CFI > .95, RMSEA < .08), whereas the item spirituality presented better performance. For the analysis of the differential contribution of each domain to the notion of global satisfaction, a regression on the item Overall Life Satisfaction (OLS) was applied using structural equations. It is recommended the inclusion of the item spirituality in the original scale, considering the importance of such domain in both cultures. (AU)

Este estudo comparou o Índice de Bem-estar Pessoal (PWI) de sete itens, com duas versões que incluem os domínios "espiritualidade" e "religião" separadamente em uma amostra de adolescentes brasileiros (n = 1,047) e chilenos (n = 1,053). A comparação das propriedades psicométricas entre as versões do PWI foi realizada através de análise fatorial confirmatória multigrupo mostrando ajustes adequados (CFI > 0,95, RMSEA <0,08), sendo que o item espiritualidade apresentou melhor desempenho. Para a análise da contribuição de cada domínio para a satisfação global, foram realizadas regressões com o PWI e o item de Satisfação Global com a Vida por meio de equações estruturais. Recomenda-se a inclusão do item espiritualidade na escala, considerando a importância deste domínio em ambas as culturas. (AU)

Bienestar subjetivo y trabajo en jóvenes universitarios: estudio comparativo entre Chile y España / Subjective well-being and working in college students: a comparative study between Chile and Spain

Los estudiantes universitarios componen un grupo expuesto a diversas tensiones psicosociales en virtud de su adaptación a los nuevos entornos físicos y sociales a los que se enfrentan, situación que se complejiza más para aquellos que se insertan al mundo laboral. Esta investigación explora el estado y características del bienestar subjetivo de 1.456 jóvenes universitarios de Chile y España (Cataluña), utilizando la Escala de Satisfacción Global con la Vida (OLS) y el Índice de Bienestar Personal (PWI). Asimismo, se estudia la relación entre los niveles de satisfacción vital y el hecho de trabajar o no. Para ello, se determinaron coeficientes de fiabilidad del PWI, se comprobó su ajuste estadístico mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio y se construyeron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados indican que no existen diferencias significativas en el bienestar subjetivo entre los estudiantes universitarios que trabajan y los que no, en ninguno de los dos países.(AU)

College students compose a group exposed to diverse psychosocial stress factors in their adaptation to the new physical and social environments they confront. This situation is more complex for those that are working and studying. This research explores the status and characteristics of the subjective well-being of 1,456 university students in Chile and Spain, as measured by the scale of Overall Life Satisfaction (OLS) and the Personal Well-being Index (PWI). It also explores the relationship between levels of overall life satisfaction and the fact of working, or not. For this purpose, PWI reliability coefficients were determined, checked for statistical adjustment using confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation models were built. The results indicate no significant differences in subjective well-being among college students who work and those who do not, in either of the two countries.(AU)

Satisfacción escolar y bienestar subjetivo en la adolescencia: poniendo a prueba indicadores para su medición comparativa en Brasil, Chile y España / Subjective well-being and school satisfaction in adolescence: putting indicators for their measurement to the test in Brazil, Chile and Spain

En este estudio se analiza la comparabilidad interlingüística e intercultural del bienestar subjetivo y la satisfacción escolar como componente de dicho bienestar durante la adolescencia, a partir de tres muestras, una de Brasil (n = 1588), una de Chile (n = 843) y una de España (n = 2900), de 12-16 años de edad. Se adoptan como indicadores de bienestar subjetivo dos versiones del personal wellbeing index (PWI) de Cummins, Eckersley, van Pallant, Vugt y Misajon (2003), que lo evalúan por ámbitos, y una escala de ítem único sobre satisfacción general con la vida (overall life satisfaction [OLS]), y como indicadores subjetivos de satisfacción escolar, los seis ítems de satisfacción con distintos aspectos de la vida escolar utilizados por Casas, Baltatescu, Bertrán, González y Hatos (2013). Del PWI se utiliza la versión original (PWI7) y una versión ampliada con diez ítems (PWI10). Ambas versiones del PWI muestran un buen ajuste en los análisis factoriales confirmatorios realizados con las tres muestras agregadas. Mediante análisis de regresión múltiple y modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (MEE), se consideran y se discuten distintas opciones para estimar cuál sería el modelo con mejor comparabilidad respecto del bienestar subjetivo entre países al integrar la satisfacción escolar. Del análisis de los resultados, se aprecia que dos de los MEE multigrupo, que incluyen los seis ítems relativos a satisfacciones con aspectos de la vida escolar relacionados con una variable latente, que a su vez se relaciona con las variables latentes PWI7 y PWI10, muestran buena comparabilidad entre países. Los análisis de regresión múltiple indican que el indicador sintético de satisfacción con aspectos de la vida escolar que resulta más útil es "satisfacción con tu vida de estudiante". Cuando se incluye este ítem, las consistencias internas tanto del PWI7 como del PWI10 mejoran y los respectivos MEE multigrupo de estas dos escalas psicométricas muestran que varianzas, covarianzas y regresiones resultan comparables entre los tres países, mientras que no son comparables las medias de sus índices generales, probablemente debido a diferentes estilos de respuesta de los adolescentes de cada país.

This paper studies the inter-linguistic and intercultural comparability of subjective wellbeing during adolescence, as well as school satisfaction as a component of this well-being, using samples of 12 to 16-year-old from Brazil (n=1588), Chile (n=843) and Spain (n=2900). As subjective well-being indicators, two versions of the PWI (Cummins, Eckersley, van Pallant, Vugt, and Misajon, 2003) were adopted, one measuring well-being with different life domains, a single-item scale on overall life satisfaction (OLS). The six items on satisfaction with different facets of the school life, used by Casas et al. (2013), were included as subjective indicators of school satisfaction. The original version of the PWI (PWI7) and a longer version with 10 items (PWI10) are used. Both versions show a good fit in Confirmatory Factor Analysis using the pooled sample. Using multiple regressions analysis and Structural Equations Modelling (SEM), different options are considered and analyzed in order to estimate the most appropriate model to compare subjective wellbeing cross-countries, with school satisfaction included. An analysis of the results indicates that two multi-group SEM, which include the six items on satisfaction with different facets of school life related to a latent variable, and also related to latent variables PWI7 and PWI10, respectively, show good comparability between countries. Multiple regression analysis suggests that the most useful synthetic indicator on satisfaction with school life is satisfaction with your life as student. When this item is included in PWI7 or PWI10, internal consistency of each of the scales (PWI8 and PWI11) improves, and the respective multi-group SEM of these two psychometric scales show that variances, covariances and regressions are comparable between the three studied countries. This was not the case with the overall mean indices, which is probably due to the different answering styles of adolescents in each country.

Adaptación del Indice de Bienestar Personal para adolescentes en lengua española y portuguesa / Adjustment of Personal Well-Being Index for adolescents on Spanish and Portuguese Language

Se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas del Indice de Bienestar Personal en una muestra de adolescentes chilenos y brasileños. Se examinó la fiabili-dad de la escala mediante el alfa de Cronbach, complementándose con un análisis de las correlaciones ítem-total de los distintos ámbitos de bienestar que la componen. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (componentes principales) y un análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo. Los resultados arrojan un alfa de Cronbach de 0.79 para la versión chilena y de 0.78 para la versión brasileña, que confirman niveles adecuados de fiabilidad encontrados en anteriores estudios. Las correlaciones entre ámbitos de bienestar arroja valores que van entre 0.224 y 0.496 para Chile y 0.24 a 0.46 para Brasil, similares a resultados obtenidos en otros países. Se confirman la estructura monofactorial de la escala, la adecuación de la estructura de la escala para los datos de las dos muestras y la comparabilidad de las medias de sus índices globales. Los resultados permiten suponer la existencia de otros ámbitos del bienestar de los sujetos que no fueron considerados en la propuesta original de la escala.

The psychometric properties of the Personal Wellbeing Index are analyzed on a Spanish and Portuguese adolescent sample. We test the reliability of the scale using Cronbach's alpha. And complementarily we analyze the item-total correlations in the different wellbeing domains included. We execute an exploratory factor analysis (principal components) and a multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The results show that Cronbach's alpha is 0.79 for the Chilean version and in the Brazilian version is 0.78. confirming adequate levels of reliability found in previous studies. Correlations between fields of well-being shows values ranging between 0.224 and 0.496 for Chile and from 0.24 to 0.46 for Brazil. The results are similar to those obtained in other countries. The monofactorial structure of the scale is confirmed. also the adjustment to the scale structure to the data of the two samples and the comparability of means of global indices. The results suggest the existence of other well-being domains that had not been considered in the original proposal of the scale.

Psicología comunitaria y políticas sociales: reflexiones y experiencias

Esta obra se divide en tres partes. En la primera, se revisan los antecedentes y se exponen las principales líneas de reflexión acerca de las posiblidades surgidas de la relación entre psicología comunitaria y políticas sociales. En la segunda, se reportan y analizan experiencias y prácticas realizadas desde la perspectiva de la psicología comunitaria en políticas sociales de infancia y derechos, asociatividad y seguridad ciudadana, participación social y violencia de género, discapacidad, salud mental y desarrollo local. En la tercera, se analizan los desafíos formativos y organizativos planteados en las experiencias de trabajo comunitario en el marco de las políticas sociales

[Emergency cerclage:10 years experience at the ABC Hospital]. / Cerclaje de emergencia: 10 años de experiencia en el hospital ABC.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the success of emergency cerclage procedures and neonatal outcome at the ABC Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis between January 1, 1991 and December 31, 2000 was carried out. Gestational age at the time of the procedure was recorded, as well as the average time in gestational weeks after the procedure, maternal complications and neonatal outcome. RESULTS: Seven patients were included with dilatation of the internal cervical of 3 cm o more and membranes protruding to the vagina in all cases. Patients with uterine activity, a cerclage procedure in a previous pregnancy, and corioamnioitis were excluded. The average gestational age for the procedure was 23.3 weeks. The average length of duration of the current pregnancy after the procedure was 5.4 weeks; with 58.3% of live newborns recorded. CONCLUSIONS: The emergency cerclage procedure continues to be a heroic attempt to continue the pregnancy. By the results published in the literature, it can be stated that the prolongation of pregnancy is highly variable with neonatal survival rate between 12-73%.