Bloqueo BRILMA para extirpación de cartílago costal: caso clínico / BRILMA block for costal cartilage excision: case report

El bloqueo de las ramas laterales de los nervios intercostales en la línea axilar media (BRILMA) es un bloqueo ecoguiado interfascial para la analgesia en cirugía torácica y abdominal, y es una buena alternativa a las técnicas neuroaxiales. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 49 años programada para reparación de estenosis idiopática subglótica, con extracción de cartílago costal de la décima costilla y traqueotomía. Tras la cirugía se realizó sin incidencias el bloqueo BRILMA unilateral con 20ml de ropivacaína al 0,2% a nivel de la 6.ª costilla. En el postoperatorio, la paciente refirió un máximo de dolor de 3/10. No requirió opioides tras el segundo día postoperatorio, aunque una incisión subcostal puede producir dolor de considerable intensidad. BRILMA es una técnica superficial, fácilmente reproducible en la mayoría de los pacientes. Mediante una sola punción se logra alcanzar analgesia efectiva en múltiples dermatomas, disminuyendo el riesgo de neumotórax y la toxicidad anestésica local

The block of the lateral branches of the intercostal nerves in the middle axillary line (BRILMA) is an interfascial ultrasound-guided block for analgesia in thoracic wall and upper abdominal surgery, presenting as an adequate alternative to neuraxial techniques. We present the case of a 49-year-old female scheduled for idiopathic subglottic stenosis repair with a costal cartilage graft from the 10th rib and tracheotomy. At the end of the surgery, unilateral ultrasound-guided BRILMA block with 20ml of ropivacaine 0.2% was performed at the level of the 6th rib, uneventfully. Postoperatively, the patient referred a maximum level of pain of 3/10. There was no opioid consumption after the 2nd postoperative day, although a subcostal incision may produce considerable pain. BRILMA is a superficial block, easily reproducible in most patients. It diminishes the number of punctures needed in the thoracic wall, as well as the risk for pneumothorax and local anesthetic toxicity

BRILMA block for costal cartilage excision: Case report. / Bloqueo BRILMA para extirpación de cartílago costal: caso clínico.

The block of the lateral branches of the intercostal nerves in the middle axillary line (BRILMA) is an interfascial ultrasound-guided block for analgesia in thoracic wall and upper abdominal surgery, presenting as an adequate alternative to neuraxial techniques. We present the case of a 49-year-old female scheduled for idiopathic subglottic stenosis repair with a costal cartilage graft from the 10th rib and tracheotomy. At the end of the surgery, unilateral ultrasound-guided BRILMA block with 20ml of ropivacaine 0.2% was performed at the level of the 6th rib, uneventfully. Postoperatively, the patient referred a maximum level of pain of 3/10. There was no opioid consumption after the 2nd postoperative day, although a subcostal incision may produce considerable pain. BRILMA is a superficial block, easily reproducible in most patients. It diminishes the number of punctures needed in the thoracic wall, as well as the risk for pneumothorax and local anesthetic toxicity.

¿Serán los nuevos bloqueos interfasciales de la pared torácica tan eficaces como el bloqueo paravertebral / Will the new thoracic fascial blocks be as effective as paravertebral block?

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Aditivos y mezclas de anestésicos locales para bloqueos nerviosos periféricos / Local anesthetics mixtures and additives for peripheral nerve blocks

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Comentarios al artículo «Bloqueo paravertebral torácico, más bloqueo de nervios pectorales para mastectomía en un paciente con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica avanzada» / Comments to the article "Thoracic paravertebral block plus pectoral nerve block for mastectomy in a patient with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis"

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Abordaje guiado por ultrasonidos de los nervios intercostales en la línea media axilar para cirugía de mama no reconstructiva y de la axila / Ultrasound-assisted approach to blocking the intercostal nerves in the mid-axillary line for non-reconstructive breast and axilla surgery

Introducción. Recientemente se han descrito varios bloqueos nerviosos periféricos para el tratamiento del dolor en la cirugía de mama. El objetivo principal de nuestro estudio fue determinar la eficacia y seguridad del bloqueo ecoguiado de las ramas cutáneas anteriores y laterales de los nervios intercostales en la línea media axilar para cirugía no reconstructiva de mama y axila. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional prospectivo en 30 pacientes programadas para cirugía de mama no reconstructiva y axilar. Se realizó bloqueo de las ramas intercostales en la línea media axilar, guiado por ultrasonidos con levobupivacaína al 0,5% (3 ml en cada espacio intercostal). La eficacia clínica se evaluó en el periodo intraoperatorio mediante la respuesta hemodinámica al estímulo quirúrgico y la necesidad de opiáceos, y en el periodo postoperatorio mediante la valoración de la intensidad del dolor según escala verbal numérica y la necesidad de tratamiento de rescate. También se evaluó la calidad del sueño de la primera noche del postoperatorio, los eventos adversos acontecidos y la satisfacción de los pacientes y cirujanos con la técnica anestésica empleada. Resultados. El bloqueo de las ramas intercostales en la línea media axilar fue eficaz en la mayoría de los casos; solo 2 pacientes requirieron administración de opioides intraoperatorios y en un caso fue necesario rescate analgésico en el periodo postoperatorio. La duración de la analgesia postoperatoria fue de 19 ± 4 h. No se produjeron eventos adversos reseñables ni complicaciones. La satisfacción con respecto a la técnica elegida fue valorada como «muy buena» en todos los pacientes, y guiado por ultrasonidos. Conclusiones. El bloqueo de las ramas intercostales en la línea media axilar proporciona una adecuada analgesia intraoperatoria y postoperatoria para cirugía no reconstructiva de la mama y la axila. Es una técnica sencilla, reproducible en la mayoría de las pacientes de este estudio, con una ecoanatomía fácil de comprender, en la que mediante una punción única se puede ofrecer una adecuada analgesia, pudiendo ser una alternativa en estos casos a los bloqueos del neuroeje(AU)

Introduction. Several nerve blocks have recently been used for pain treatment in breast surgery. The main objective of our study was to determine the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-assisted blocking of the anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves in the mid-axillary line for non-reconstructive breast and axilla surgery. Material and methods. A prospective observational study was conducted on 30 patients scheduled for non-reconstructive breast and axilla surgery. An intercostal branches block was performed in the mid-axillary line with 0,5% levobupivacaine (3 ml in each intercostal space). Clinical efficacy was assessed by standard intraoperative hemodynamic response to surgical stimulus and the need for opioids, and in the postoperative period, by assessing pain intensity as a verbal numerical scale and the need for rescue treatment. We also evaluated the quality of sleep the first night after surgery, any adverse events that occurred, and the satisfaction of patients and surgeons with the anesthetic technique. Results. The intercostal branches block in the mid-axillary line was effective in most cases, with only 2 patients requiring intraoperative opioids, and in one case analgesic rescue was necessary in the postoperative period. The duration of postoperative analgesia was 19 ± 4 h. There were no notable adverse events or complications. The satisfaction with the chosen technique was assessed as «very good» in all patients, and by 97% of the surgeons. Conclusions. Intercostal branches block in the mid-axillary line provides adequate intraoperative and postoperative analgesia for non-reconstructive breast and axilla surgery. It is a simple, reproducible technique in most patients of this study, with an easy to understand ultrasound anatomy, in which adequate analgesia could be provided through a single puncture, and may be an alternative to neuroaxial blocks(AU)

[Ultrasound-assisted approach to blocking the intercostal nerves in the mid-axillary line for non-reconstructive breast and axilla surgery]. / Abordaje guiado por ultrasonidos de los nervios intercostales en la línea media axilar para cirugía de mama no reconstructiva y de la axila.

INTRODUCTION: Several nerve blocks have recently been used for pain treatment in breast surgery. The main objective of our study was to determine the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-assisted blocking of the anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves in the mid-axillary line for non-reconstructive breast and axilla surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted on 30 patients scheduled for non-reconstructive breast and axilla surgery. An intercostal branches block was performed in the mid-axillary line with 0,5% levobupivacaine (3ml in each intercostal space). Clinical efficacy was assessed by standard intraoperative hemodynamic response to surgical stimulus and the need for opioids, and in the postoperative period, by assessing pain intensity as a verbal numerical scale and the need for rescue treatment. We also evaluated the quality of sleep the first night after surgery, any adverse events that occurred, and the satisfaction of patients and surgeons with the anesthetic technique. RESULTS: The intercostal branches block in the mid-axillary line was effective in most cases, with only 2 patients requiring intraoperative opioids, and in one case analgesic rescue was necessary in the postoperative period. The duration of postoperative analgesia was 19±4h. There were no notable adverse events or complications. The satisfaction with the chosen technique was assessed as "very good" in all patients, and by 97% of the surgeons. CONCLUSIONS: Intercostal branches block in the mid-axillary line provides adequate intraoperative and postoperative analgesia for non-reconstructive breast and axilla surgery. It is a simple, reproducible technique in most patients of this study, with an easy to understand ultrasound anatomy, in which adequate analgesia could be provided through a single puncture, and may be an alternative to neuroaxial blocks.

Abordaje ecoguiado de las ramas cutáneas de los nervios intercostales a nivel de la línea media axilar para cirugía no reconstructiva de mama / A new ultrasound-guided cutaneous intercostal branches nerves blocked for analgesia after no reconscturctive breast surgery

Introducción: La anestesia regional ecoguiada permite la descripción de nuevos abordajes y técnicas para el manejo anestésico-analgésico en cirugía de mama no reconstructiva. Material y métodos: Descripción, de un nuevo abordaje ecoguiado para analgesia en cirugía no reconstructiva de mama. Realizamos un abordaje en plano e introducimos la aguja de caudal a craneal en la línea media axilar, posicionando la punta de la aguja entre la fascia del músculo serrato anterior y la fascia del músculo intercostal externo. Resultados y discusión: El bloqueo de las ramas cutáneas de los nervios intercostales en la línea medio axilar (BRILMA) es un bloqueo de baja dificultad de ejecución, con una ecoanatomía fácil de comprender, reproducible en la mayoría de los pacientes, que puede ser realizado de manera segura asociado a sedación o con el paciente anestesiado. Permite el bloqueo de las ramas anteriores y laterales de los nervios intercostales entre 2º y 6º espacios intercostales, proporcionando analgesia en cirugía de mama no reconstructiva, incluido el complejo areola-pezón (AU)

Introduction: The regional anesthesia ecoguiada allows the description of new boardings and technologies for the managing anesthesic-analgesic in surgery of not reconstructive breast. Methods: We described a new ultrasound-guided cutaneous intercostal nerve branches blocked to provide analgesia for no reconstructive breast surgery. We introduce needle the in plane and placed the tip of the needle between the serratus anterior muscle and external intercostal muscle at the mid-axillary line. Results and discussion: The block cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves (BRILMA) is a new nerve block technique that is easy to perform. This block is an intermediate nerve block technique. Although in principle, the technique is similar to that of the intercostals nerve block, its anatomy and indications are sufficiently distinct to deserve separate consideration, and have a significant clinical applicability for surgical anesthesia and post-operative pain management. It allows the blockade of the previous branches and wings of the intercostal nerves between 2 º and 6 º intercostal spaces, providing analgesia in surgery of not reconstructive breast, included the complex areola-nipple (AU)

Bloqueo de las ramas cutáneas laterales y anteriores de los nervios intercostales para analgesia de mama / Analgesic combined lateral and anterior cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves ultrasound block in ambulatory breast surgery

Introducción: proporcionar una buena analgesia postoperatoria en los procedimientos quirúrgicos no reconstructivos sobre la mama es una de las claves del éxito de los programas de cirugía ambulatoria y ello es posible incorporando a nuestra estrategia multimodal bloqueos de nervios periféricos eco guiados. Material y métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo en el que se evaluó de forma prospectiva a 44 mujeres programadas para cirugía de mama. El mismo investigador realizo un bloqueo de las ramas cutáneas laterales (BRCL)de los nervios intercostales, en todos los casos cuando la lesión a extirpar se localizó en la región del complejo areola-pezón, se asocio también el bloqueo de las ramas cutaneas anteriores de los nervios intercostales (BRCA). En todos los casos se le practico una RM tras la realización del bloqueo para observar la distribución y la extensión del anestesico local por la pared torácica. El estudio (..) (AU)

Introduction: Provide good postoperative analgesia in the non reconstructive surgical procedures on the breast is one of the keys to success in outpatient programs and this is possible by incorporating peripheral ultrasounds blocks multimodal approach. Patients and methods: Descriptive observational study which prospectively evaluated 44 women scheduled for breast surgery. In all of them the same researcher conducted a blockade of the lateral cutaneous branches(BRCL) of the intercostals nerves and when to remove the lesion was located from the complex areola-nipple to the sternum was also associated block of the anterior cutaneous branches (BRCA). All women also underwent an MRI after the blockade to observe the distribution and extent of local anesthetic through the chest wall. The extension study was completed with the (..) (AU)