Substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines as adenosine A2A receptor antagonists.

A novel series of benzyl substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines were identified as potent A2A receptor antagonists. Several five- and six-membered heterocyclic replacements for the optimized methylfuran were explored. Select compounds effectively reverse catalepsy in mice when dosed orally.

Design and characterization of optimized adenosine A2A/A1 receptor antagonists for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

The design and characterization of two, dual adenosine A(2A)/A(1) receptor antagonists in several animal models of Parkinson's disease is described. Compound 1 was previously reported as a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease. Further characterization of 1 revealed that it was metabolized to reactive intermediates that caused the genotoxicity of 1 in the Ames and mouse lymphoma L51784 assays. The identification of the metabolites enabled the preparation of two optimized compounds 13 and 14 that were devoid of the metabolic liabilities associated with 1. Compounds 13 and 14 are potent dual A(2A)/A(1) receptor antagonists that have excellent activity, after oral administration, across a number of animal models of Parkinson's disease including mouse and rat models of haloperidol-induced catalepsy, mouse and rat models of reserpine-induced akinesia, and the rat 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion model of drug-induced rotation.

Optimization of arylindenopyrimidines as potent adenosine A(2A)/A(1) antagonists.

Two reactive metabolites were identified in vivo for the dual A(2A)/A(1) receptor antagonist 1. Two strategies were implemented to successfully mitigate the metabolic liabilities associated with 1. Optimization of the arylindenopyrimidines led to a number of amide, ether, and amino analogs having comparable in vitro and in vivo activity.

Pyridazinoquinolinetriones as NMDA glycine-site antagonists with oral antinociceptive activity in a model of neuropathic pain.

A series of 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-[1-(pyridinyl)alkyl]-pyridazino[4,5-b]quinoline-1,4,10(5H)-triones were synthesized and found to have potent activity at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor. In some cases, these compounds possessed poor aqueous solubility that may have contributed to poor rat oral bioavailability. Subsequently, compounds have been identified with improved aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability. Several of these compounds were examined in a rat chronic constrictive injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain and found to have potent activity when dosed orally.

beta-Alkylthio indolyl carbinols: potent nonsteroidal antiandrogens with oral efficacy in a prostate cancer model.

Through an in vivo screening model, we developed the in vivo SAR of beta-alkylthio indolyl carbinols. Through these efforts we identified a compound with potent oral in vivo efficacy in both immature and mature rat prostate weight reduction models and in a murine xenograft prostate cancer model.

Synthesis of potent and tissue-selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs): 2-(2,2,2)-Trifluoroethyl-benzimidazole scaffold.

The synthesis and in vivo SAR of 2-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethyl-benzimidazoles are described. Prostate antagonism and/or levator ani agonism can be modulated by varying the substitution at the 2-position of 5,6-dichloro-benzimidazoles. Potent androgen agonists on the muscle were discovered that strongly bind to the androgen receptor (2-17 nM) and show potent in vivo efficacy (0.03-0.11 mg/day). True SARMs showing both prostate antagonism and levator ani agonism were revealed.

Synthesis and SAR of potent and selective androgen receptor antagonists: 5,6-Dichloro-benzimidazole derivatives.

The synthesis and in vivo SAR of 5,6-dichloro-benzimidazole derivatives as novel selective androgen receptor antagonists are described. During screening of 2-alkyl benzimidazoles, it was found that a trifluoromethyl group greatly enhances antagonist activity in the prostate. Benzimidazole 1 is a potent AR antagonist in the rat prostate (ID50 = 0.15 mg/day).

2-(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)-5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole derivatives as potent androgen receptor antagonists.

The synthesis and in vivo SAR of N-benzyl, N-aceto, and N-ethylene ether derivatives of 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-5,6-dichloro-benzimidazole as novel androgen receptor antagonists are described. SAR studies led to the discovery of 4-bromo-benzyl benzimidazole 17 as a more potent androgen receptor antagonist in the rat prostate (ID(50)=0.13mg/day), compared with bicalutamide (ID(50)=0.23mg/day).

Synthesis and SAR of tetracyclic pyrroloquinolones as phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors.

The synthesis of the fused tetracyclic pyrroloquinolones 9a-i in four steps is described. The PDE5 inhibitory activities of these compounds, their selectivities against PDE1, PDE2, PDE3, PDE4 and PDE6, the preclinical pharmacokinetic assessments and the in vivo efficacy in increasing intracavernosal pressure are presented and discussed.