Comparison of the Short-Term Effect between Iontophoresis and Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Conservative treatments for plantar fasciitis have different levels of effectiveness, so it is necessary to personalize the therapeutic modality that improves the patients' symptoms. METHODS: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial was designed to evaluate the short-term efficacy of a physical treatment in chronic plantar fasciitis, namely iontophoresis, compared with radial shockwave therapy. Heel pain, health status using the EuroQol-5D questionnaire, and fascia thickness measured with ultrasound were evaluated. In total, 127 patients were randomly selected for group A and treated with iontophoresis therapy (lidocaine 0.4% and dexamethasone 0.5%), or for group B, in which they were treated with radial shockwave therapy (EWST). Measurements were taken at baseline and at follow-up during the 5 weeks of the study. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed to the shockwave therapy group in respect to the final fascia thickness, and the VAS scale (p = 0.001). The differences between groups A and B showed that the shockwave group follow-up after 3 weeks experienced complete pain remission (1.0 ± 0.9; 95%CI 0.8-1.2) and after the 6-week follow-up, complete pain remission of plantar fasciitis was observed for both therapies. Patients had a better perception of the use of EWST at the end of the treatment, although in both groups it was satisfactory (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed a shorter-term effectiveness of shockwave treatment compared with the use of iontophoresis. However, both techniques were effective in satisfactorily reducing pain in this short period.

Pilot Study: The Relationship between Foot Posture and Movement Quality in Non-Professional Male Football Players.

(1) Background: This study focusses on establishing the relationship between quality of movement (based on the functional movement screen, or FMS) and foot posture (based on the foot posture index, or FPI-6). We hypothesised that a poor FMS test score may be derived from the foot position in the space measured by FPI-6. (2) Methods: a quasi-experimental and cross-sectional study was designed to analyse foot posture in 30 healthy football players, using the foot posture index and the functional movement screen. (3) Results: No significant relationships were found between movement quality and foot posture. Poor movement quality is present in more than half of all foot positions, supination, pronation, and neutral. Good quality seems to be more associated with a neutral foot position (23.3%) and supinated (16.6%) than a pronated foot position (6.6%). (4) Conclusions: this study found no relationship between the two tests; therefore, we cannot demonstrate that foot posture is relevant in the quality of the movement of the football players studied.

Impact of foot health behavior among ethnic minority populations: A cross-sectional population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of the foot health and health behavior and the characteristics of outdoor footwear among minority ethnic groups. DESIGN AND MEASURES: A cross-sectional study design using the Foot Health Status Questionnaire: foot pain, foot function, shoe, general foot health, general health, physical activity, social capacity, and vigor. Outcomes included the self-reported type of outdoor footwear and clinical characteristics by sex were collected in 2019-2020. SAMPLE: A total of 78 Roma participants self-identified as members of this ethnic minority and 72 participants non-Roma were assessed (n = 150). RESULTS: The lower score values was recorded in the footwear and general foot health domains in Roma population. General population obtained higher scores in general health domains. The most common outdoor footwear types were running shoes and walking shoes in non-Roma population, versus flip flops and slippers in Roma population. Clinical characteristics did not show any statistically significant differences (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Roma people wear flip flops and slippers and non-Roma people running shoes and walking shoes. These findings reveal cultural differences that make it easier for the Roma population to experience a greater burden of foot health problems. General foot health and foot pain dimensions show statistically significant differences among ethnicity.

Foot health among the Roma population of southern Spain according to the foot health status questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: Foot health of the Roma population is a challenge for the health professionals where this minority is significant, as is the case in Spain. At present, little is known about foot health of the Roma population and their knowledge would promote the training of these professionals at the community level. Foot pain is common and a reason for consulting podiatry services. The purpose of this study was to determine foot health among the Roma population according to the Foot Health Status Questionnaire. METHOD: An observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study conducted at the Roma population living in Spain in 2018. Self-reported data and the Foot Health Status Questionnaire were recorded. Examining the general health and foot health (foot pain, foot function, footwear and general health) and general (general health, social capacity, physical activity and vigour). This questionnaire is recommended as a valid and reliable patient-reported outcome. The obtained scores were compared. RESULTS: A sample made up of 624 men and women from the Roma population took part in this study. 45% were Roma men and 55% Roma women. In the first section of the FHSQ, a lower score of values was recorded in the footwear domain (62.5) and in the general foot health domain (60). Gypsy women obtained lower scores in all the domains. In the second section, lower scores were obtained in the vigour (56) domain and in the general health (60) domain. A large effect size (r-Rosenthal) was found by gender in the footwear domain (0.334) and in the vigour domain (0.195). Roma women showed higher values in cardiac disorders, serious illnesses, doctor visits and foot problems. 67.8% reported that they had never been assisted by a podiatrist. CONCLUSIONS: The studied Roma population has foot health problems, and these are more pronounced among women. They show lower values in the footwear and vigour domains. More professional training is required for health workers in this field to avoid cultural diversity stereotypes.

Modificación del índice de postura del pie en pies neutros y pronados bajo efecto de fatiga / Modification of the foot posture index in neutral and pronged feet under the effect of fatigue / Mudança do índice de postura do pé em pés neutros e pronados sob efeito de fadiga

OBJETIVO: Se pretende analizar la modificación de la postura de los pies al ser sometidos a una situación estresante para la musculatura del miembro inferior, y valorar la capacidad de recuperación de esos pies tras un período de descanso. MÉTODO: Se determinó el Índice de Postura del Pie (FPI-6) en 63 sujetos adultos sanos y fueron sometidos a una prueba de "saltos continuos con contramovimiento de 30 segundos de duración". Después, se valora el FPI-6 de cada sujeto, así como tras 15 minutos de descanso. RESULTADOS: Hubo cambios estadísticamente significativos en la postura del pie en ambos grupos al relacionar las tres situaciones experimentales (antes e inmediatamente después de la prueba y tras descanso). Dichos cambios presentan una magnitud del efecto fuerte entre los momentos basales y post, y entre post y descanso; mientras que es débil entre los momentos basales y descanso. Tras la prueba, existe un aumento del valor del FPI-6 respecto a la situación inicial. Tras el descanso los cambios observados fueron significativos en relación a los obtenidos tras la prueba con disminución del valor del FPI-6, aunque no volvieron a los valores iniciales previos a la prueba. CONCLUSIONES: La fatiga producida por la prueba de saltos continuos con contramovimiento de 30 segundos afecta a los valores del FPI, produciendo un aumento de los mismos, pero no es suficiente para modificar la clasificación de la postura del pie en los grupos de pies neutros y pronados estudiados. El tiempo de descanso propuesto no fue suficiente para volver a la situación inicial

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the modification of the Foot Posture Index a stressful situation for the musculature of the lower limb and to value the capacity of recuperation after a period of rest. METHOD: The Foot Posture Index was determined (FPI-6) in 63 healthy adult subjects and they were tested with "continuous counter-movement jumps (CMJ) conducted for 30 seconds". Each subject's FPI-6 was then valued, and again after 15 minutes rest. RESULTS: There were statistically significant changes in the foot posture in both groups when relating the three experimental situations (before and immediately after the test and after the rest). These changes present a strong effect between the basal and post moments, and between the post and rest moments. After the test, there is an increase of the FPI-6 value with respect to the initial situation. After the rest, the changes observed were significant in relation to those obtained after the test with a decrease of the FPI-6 values, although they did not return to the initial values prior to the test. CONCLUSIONS: The fatigue produced by the continuous counter-movement jumps (CMJ) conducted for 30 seconds affects the FPI values, increasing them, but this is not sufficient to modify the foot posture classification in the groups of neutral and pronated feet studied. The time of rest proposed was not enough to return to the initial situation

OBJETIVO: Pretende-se analisar a modificação da postura dos pés ao serem submetidos a uma situação estressante para a musculatura de membros inferiores e avaliar a capacidade de recuperação destes pés após um período de repouso. MÉTODO: Foi determinado o índice de postura do pé (FPI-6) em 63 sujeitos adultos saudáveis que foram submetidos a um teste de "saltos contínuos com contra movimento (CMJ) de 30 segundos de duração". Posteriormente, foi avaliado o FPI-6 de cada sujeito, assim como pós 15 minutos de repouso. RESULTADOS: Houveram mudanças estatisticamente significativas na postura dos pés em ambos os grupos ao relacionar as três situações experimentais (antes, imediatamente após o protocolo de teste e após o repouso). Essas mudanças apresentaram uma magnitude de efeitos forte entre o momento basal e momento pós e entre o pós e o repouso; enquanto que a magnitude foi fraca entre o momento basal e o repouso. Depois do teste houve um aumento do valor de FPI-6 em comparação com a situação inicial. Depois do repouso as mudanças observadas foram significativas em relação àquelas obtidas após o teste com uma redução no valor de FPI-6, embora não tenham retornado aos valores obtidos antes do teste. CONCLUSÃO: A fadiga produzida pelo teste de saltos contínuos com contra movimento (CMJ) de 30 segundos de duração afeta os valores de FPI, resultando em aumento dos mesmos, porém não foi suficiente para modificar a classificação da postura dos pés nos grupos de pés neutros e pronados avaliados. O tempo de descanso proposto não foi suficiente para voltar aos níveis basais

El Índice de Postura del Pie: revisión de la literatura / Foot Posture Index: a literature review / Índice de postura: revisão de literatura

OBJETIVO: Realizar una revisión sobre la herramienta clínica de clasificación de la postura del pie en estática, Índice de Postura del Pie, para una mejor comprensión de su uso y aplicabilidad. MÉTODO: Revisión bibliográfica sobre el "Foot Posture Index". Fueron consultados un total de 48 trabajos entre artículos de revista, libros y tesis doctorales. Se descartaron 18, por no cumplir los criterios de inclusión propuestos. RESULTADOS: Se han utilizado 30 textos en castellano e inglés, en los que se relaciona el Índice de Postura del Pie, su fiabilidad en poblaciones diversas y su uso en el mundo de las Ciencias del Deporte. CONCLUSIONES: El Índice de Postura del Pie es una herramienta fácil, fiable, y validada científicamente. Queda demostrada su aplicabilidad en todo tipo de poblaciones, sin existir limitaciones ante situaciones patológicas del miembro inferior. Existen datos que avalan su uso como predictor de lesiones, así como, para la mejora de las aptitudes del deportista

OBJECTIVE: To carry out a review on the clinical tool of classification of the position of the foot in static, Foot Posture Index, for a better understanding of its use and applicability. METHOD: Bibliographical review on the Foot Posture Index. A total of 48 papers were consulted among journal articles, books and doctoral theses. 18 were discarded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria proposed. RESULTS: 30 texts have been used in Spanish and English, in which the classification of the foot has been related to the Foot Posture Index, its reliability in diverse populations and its use in the world of Sport Sciences. CONCLUSIONS: The Foot Posture Index is an easy, reliable and scientifically validated tool. Its applicability has been demonstrated in all types of populations, without specific limitations to altered or pathological situations of the lower limb. Data have been obtained that support its use as a predictor of injuries, as well as for the improvement of the athlete's abilities

OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão sobre a ferramenta de classificação clínica Índice de Postura do Pé, para uma melhor compreensão do seu uso e aplicabilidade. MÉTODO: Revisão bibliográfica sobre o "Foot Posture Index". Foram consultados um total de 48 trabalhos entre artigos de revistas, livros e teses de doutorado. Foram descartadas 18, por não cumprir os critérios de inclusão propostos. RESULTADOS: Foram utilizados 30 textos em castelhano e inglês que se relacionaram com o Índice de Postura do Pé, sua fiabilidade em populações diversas e sua utilização no mundo das Ciências do Esporte. CONCLUSÕES: O Índice de Postura do Pé é uma ferramenta fácil, fiável e com validade científica. Sua aplicabilidade é demostrada em todos os tipos de populações, sem existir limitações ante a situações patológicas do membro inferior. Existem dados que avaliam o seu uso como preditor de lesões, assim como, para a melhora da performance desportiva