Learning from an experience, challenges and approaches in the workplace during COVID-19 pandemic: a content analysis of international documents.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate international measures for pandemic control in the workplace based on guidelines from international organizations to learn from their experiences. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative study using content analysis. The search method involved reviewing published guidelines on preventing and responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in workplaces. After the screening process, ten guidelines were included in the content analysis. During the analysis, 200 meaning codes, 49 subcategories, and eleven categories were identified. Trustworthiness criteria were utilized to ensure the accuracy and strength of the findings. RESULTS: Eleven categories of international content during the COVID-19 pandemic were legal requirements and duties of employees and employers, structural and program changes, risk assessment, risk communication, information and training, internal and external consultation and cooperation, provision of facilities and tools for workplace hygiene, special conditions, special groups, closing and reopening workplaces, reducing contact and exposure and mental health. CONCLUSIONS: Protecting employees during a pandemic requires a multifaceted approach and strong advocacy. The operational plan for pandemic control should be developed based on the level of risk, with support tailored to employees' conditions and needs. Cooperation among international organizations is essential to develop a standardized plan and issue comprehensive guidelines in response to health emergencies with a global perspective and local implementation, drawing from the lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Investigating the impact of urban-environmental factors on air pollutants: a land use regression model approach and health risk assessment.

The presence of pollutants in the earth's atmosphere has a direct impact on human health and the environment. So that pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) cause respiratory diseases, cough headache, etc. Since the amount of pollutants in the air is related to environmental and urban factors, the aim of the current research is to investigate the relationship between the concentration of CO, PM2.5 and PM10 with urban-environmental factors including land use, wind speed and wind direction, topography, traffic, road network, and population through a Land use regression (LUR) model. The concentrations of CO, PM2.5 and PM10 were measured during four seasons from 26th of March 2022 to 16th of March 2023 at 25 monitoring stations and then the information about pollutant measurement points and Land use data were entered into the ArcGIS software. The annual average concentrations of CO, PM2.5 and PM10 were 0.7 ppm, 18.94 and 60.76 µg/m3, respectively, in which the values of annual average concentration of CO and PMs were outside the air quality guideline standard. The results of the health risk assessment showed that the hazard quotient values for all three investigated pollutants were lower than 1 and therefore, they were not in adverse conditions in terms of health effects. Among the urban-environmental factors affecting air pollution, the traffic variable is the most important factor affecting the annual LUR model of CO, PM2.5 and PM10, and then the topography variable is the second most effective factor on the annual LUR model of the aforementioned pollutants.

Association of histidine-rich glycoprotein C633T single nucleotide polymorphism and recurrent miscarriage in Iranian women.

BACKGROUND: Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is defined as the occurrence of at least two or three subsequent miscarriages within the 20th -24th weeks of pregnancy. The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether histidine-rich glycoprotein C633T single nucleotide polymorphism (HRG C633T SNP) statistically correlates with the occurrence of RM among Iranian women. METHODS AND RESULTS: Blood samples from 200 women were taken at the outset of the study. Then, the blood samples of 100 women who had a record of RM (case group) were compared with the other 100 women's blood samples who had no record of RM (control group). Following DNA extraction, the polymorphism of histidine-rich glycoprotein C633T (HRG C633T) for every case was specified and all women were genotyped by the amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS) method. The results of the study revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between T/T genotype (OR = 3.5, CI (1.39-8.77), p = 0.007), and C/T genotype (OR = 1.83, CI (0.99-3.37), p = 0.05) in the case and control groups. Also, a statistically significant association was observed in T allelic frequency in the RM participants compared to the control group (OR = 2.01, CI (1.31-3.09), p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The present study determined that there was a statistically significant relationship between HRG C633T SNP and increased RM regarding allelic and genotypical aspects. Moreover, it became apparent that women with homozygous T/T genotype were more susceptible to the risk of RM.

Semantic similarity is not enough: A novel NLP-based semantic similarity measure in geospatial context.

In this study, we addressed two primary challenges: firstly, the issue of domain shift, which pertains to changes in data characteristics or context that can impact model performance, and secondly, the discrepancy between semantic similarity and geographical distance. We employed topic modeling in conjunction with the BERT architecture. Our model was crafted to enhance similarity computations applied to geospatial text, aiming to integrate both semantic similarity and geographical proximity. We tested the model on two datasets, Persian Wikipedia articles and rental property advertisements. The findings demonstrate that the model effectively improved the correlation between semantic similarity and geographical distance. Furthermore, evaluation by real-world users within a recommender system context revealed a notable increase in user satisfaction by approximately 22% for Wikipedia articles and 56% for advertisements.

Assessing the risks associated with indoor and outdoor air quality in relation to the geographic placement of nursing home.

Indoor air quality significantly impacts the well-being and health of elderly residents in nursing homes. This study was conducted to explore the connection between indoor and outdoor PM (Particulate Matter) concentrations in nursing homes and their association with the facilities' location and construction characteristics. The findings revealed that indoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 124 µg/m3 and 2-188.4 µg/m3, respectively, which were approximately 12.67 and 1.25 times higher than their outdoor counterparts. A strong correlation (P < 0.05) was identified between indoor PM levels and various factors, including proximity to parks, passenger terminals, and gas stations, as well as building attributes such as single-glazed windows, ceramic floor coverings, and the use of radiators. The risk assessment indicated that carcinogenic risk factors were well within acceptable limits for all nursing homes. However, it's important to note that certain PM components, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), may have long-term adverse effects on the health of nursing home residents. Even though indoor PM levels met the standards established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for particulate matter risk assessments, the study emphasized that even low levels of indoor air pollutants can affect the health and well-being of older adults, particularly considering the increased vulnerability associated with aging. Consequently, the study underscores the importance of nursing home location selection and the regular monitoring of particulate matter concentrations. These measures are essential for enhancing air quality within nursing homes, ultimately contributing to the improved well-being and health of their residents.

Micropatterned superhydrophobic meshes coated with low-cost carbon nanoparticles for efficient oil/water separation.

Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic meshes have gained considerable attention in oil/water separation in recent years. To fabricate such meshes, surface roughness features can be introduced, and the surface free energy can be lowered, preferably, by utilizing low cost, safe, and readily available materials. Herein, we report a novel approach for fabricating a superhydrophobic copper mesh using low-cost carbon nanoparticles embedded within surface micropatterns. To create the micropatterns, a femtosecond laser was employed. The fabricated mesh exhibited a water contact angle of 168.9° and a roll-off angle of only 5.9°. Additionally, the mesh was highly durable and effectively retained its superhydrophobicity during water jet impact and tape-peeling tests. After 50 cycles of the water jet impact test and 5 cycles of the tape-peeling test, the water contact angle reduced by only 0.3° and 2.3°, respectively. When tested for separating n-hexane/water mixtures, the mesh exhibited a separation efficiency of up to 98%. The separation efficiency remained essentially constant after 10 cycles of n-hexane/water separation. It was observed that the surface micropatterns played a significant role in achieving superhydrophobicity and imparting high durability to the mesh. Meshes lacking these laser-induced micropatterns showed higher wettability, lower durability, and decreased separation performance with repeated use.

In vivo cloning of PCR product via site-specific recombination in Escherichia coli.

Over the past years, several methods have been developed for gene cloning. Choosing a cloning strategy depends on various factors, among which simplicity and affordability have always been considered. The aim of this study, on the one hand, is to simplify gene cloning by skipping in vitro assembly reactions and, on the other hand, to reduce costs by eliminating relatively expensive materials. We investigated a cloning system using Escherichia coli harboring two plasmids, pLP-AmpR and pScissors-CmR. The pLP-AmpR contains a landing pad (LP) consisting of two genes (λ int and λ gam) that allow the replacement of the transformed linear DNA using site-specific recombination. After the replacement process, the inducible expressing SpCas9 and specific sgRNA from the pScissors-CmR (CRISPR/Cas9) vector leads to the removal of non-recombinant pLP-AmpR plasmids. The function of LP was explored by directly transforming PCR products. The pScissors-CmR plasmid was evaluated for curing three vectors, including the origins of pBR322, p15A, and pSC101. Replacing LP with a PCR product and fast-eradicating pSC101 origin-containing vectors was successful. Recombinant colonies were confirmed following gene replacement and plasmid curing processes. The results made us optimistic that this strategy may potentially be a simple and inexpensive cloning method. KEY POINTS: •The in vivo cloning was performed by replacing the target gene with the landing pad. •Fast eradication of non-recombinant plasmids was possible by adapting key vectors. •This strategy is not dependent on in vitro assembly reactions and expensive materials.

Association of the OPRM1 variant rs1799971 (A118G) and clinical manifestations in tramadol poisoned patients: a cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: The opioid receptor mu1 is a protein coding gene that can have different codes for a protein and may have variations (polymorphisms) affecting how opioids work. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the most common opioid receptor mu1 polymorphism (A118G) and any relationship between this polymorphism and features following tramadol overdose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of patients admitted with tramadol poisoning to an Iranian hospital. These patients were not taking any other drugs or medications and had no history of seizures. RESULTS: The results showed that among the 83 patients included in the study, 57 (69 per cent) had the AA genotype, 25 (30 per cent) had the AG genotype, and one (1 per cent) had the GG genotype for the opioid receptor mu1 A118G polymorphism. Nausea and/or vomiting occurred in nine (11 per cent) patients and dizziness in 38 (46 per cent) patients. Serious adverse events included seizures in 51 (60 per cent) patients and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation in 21 (25 per cent) patients. However, there was no significant association between the opioid receptor mu1 A118G polymorphism and these adverse events. DISCUSSION: In our study, the frequency of the A allele was greater than the G allele, and the AA genotype was more prevalent than AG. The GG genotype was the least common among the polymorphisms of opioid receptor mu1 rs1799971. There was no significant association between the opioid receptor mu1 A118G polymorphism and symptoms in tramadol-poisoned patients. Although these allele proportions are similar to the results reported in other Caucasian populations, they are dissimilar to the findings in Chinese and Singaporean populations. In these Asian studies, the predominant allele was the G allele. It has been suggested that a mutated G allele will decrease the production of opioid receptor mu1-related messenger ribonucleic acid and related proteins, leading to fewer mu-opioid receptors in the brain. CONCLUSIONS: This study found no significant association between the opioid receptor mu1 A118G polymorphism and adverse outcomes in tramadol-poisoned patients. However, more research is needed to draw more definitive conclusions due to the limited evidence and variability of opioid receptor mu1 polymorphisms in different populations.

Environment random interaction of rime optimization with Nelder-Mead simplex for parameter estimation of photovoltaic models.

As countries attach importance to environmental protection, clean energy has become a hot topic. Among them, solar energy, as one of the efficient and easily accessible clean energy sources, has received widespread attention. An essential component in converting solar energy into electricity are solar cells. However, a major optimization difficulty remains in precisely and effectively calculating the parameters of photovoltaic (PV) models. In this regard, this study introduces an improved rime optimization algorithm (RIME), namely ERINMRIME, which integrates the Nelder-Mead simplex (NMs) with the environment random interaction (ERI) strategy. In the later phases of ERINMRIME, the ERI strategy serves as a complementary mechanism for augmenting the solution space exploration ability of the agent. By facilitating external interactions, this method improves the algorithm's efficacy in conducting a global search by keeping it from becoming stuck in local optima. Moreover, by incorporating NMs, ERINMRIME enhances its ability to do local searches, leading to improved space exploration. To evaluate ERINMRIME's optimization performance on PV models, this study conducted experiments on four different models: the single diode model (SDM), the double diode model (DDM), the three-diode model (TDM), and the photovoltaic (PV) module model. The experimental results show that ERINMRIME reduces root mean square error for SDM, DDM, TDM, and PV module models by 46.23%, 59.32%, 61.49%, and 23.95%, respectively, compared with the original RIME. Furthermore, this study compared ERINMRIME with nine improved classical algorithms. The results show that ERINMRIME is a remarkable competitor. Ultimately, this study evaluated the performance of ERINMRIME across three distinct commercial PV models, while considering varying irradiation and temperature conditions. The performance of ERINMRIME is superior to existing similar algorithms in different irradiation and temperature conditions. Therefore, ERINMRIME is an algorithm with great potential in identifying and recognizing unknown parameters of PV models.

Assessing VOC emissions from different gas stations: impacts, variations, and modeling fluctuations of air pollutants.

Gas stations distributed around densely populated areas are responsible for toxic pollutant emissions such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study aims to measure VOCs emission from three different kinds of gas stations to determine the extent of pollution from the gas stations and the most frequent type of VOC compound emitted. The concentrations of ambient VOCs at three refueling stations with a different type of fuels in Mashhad were monitored. The result of this study showed that CNG fuel stations are less polluting than petrol stations. In all the studied sites, the highest concentrations were related to xylene isomers, irrespective of the fuel type. Total VOCs at the supply of both compressed natural gas (CNG) and gasoline stations was 482.36 ± 563.45 µg m-3. At a CNG station and a gasoline station, total VOC concentrations were 1363.4 ± 1975 µg m-3 and 410.29 ± 483.37 µg m-3, respectively. The differences in concentrations of toluene and m,p-xylene between the fuel stations can be related to the quality and type of fuel, vapor recovery technology, fuel reserves, dripless nozzles, traffic density in these stations, meteorological conditions and the location of sampling sites. The combination of a sine function and a quadratic function could model the fluctuation behavior of air pollutants like m,p-xylene. In all the sites, the highest concentrations were related to xylene isomers, irrespective of the type of fuel. The changing rate of m,p-xylene pollutant in each station was also modeled in this study.

Patient's airway monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation using deep networks.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a crucial life-saving technique commonly administered to individuals experiencing cardiac arrest. Among the important aspects of CPR is ensuring the correct airway position of the patient, which is typically monitored by human tutors or supervisors. This study aims to utilize deep transfer learning for the detection of the patient's correct and incorrect airway position during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. To address the challenge of identifying the airway position, we curated a dataset consisting of 198 recorded video sequences, each lasting 6-8 s, showcasing both correct and incorrect airway positions during mouth-to-mouth breathing and breathing with an Ambu Bag. We employed six cutting-edge deep networks, namely DarkNet19, EfficientNetB0, GoogleNet, MobileNet-v2, ResNet50, and NasnetMobile. These networks were initially pre-trained on computer vision data and subsequently fine-tuned using the CPR dataset. The validation of the fine-tuned networks in detecting the patient's correct airway position during mouth-to-mouth breathing achieved impressive results, with the best sensitivity (98.8 %), specificity (100 %), and F-measure (97.2 %). Similarly, the detection of the patient's correct airway position during breathing with an Ambu Bag exhibited excellent performance, with the best sensitivity (100 %), specificity (99.8 %), and F-measure (99.7 %).

Immunoprotection Strategies in ß-Cell Replacement Therapy: A Closer Look at Porcine Islet Xenotransplantation.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency primarily due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic ß-cells. The prevailing treatment for T1DM involves daily subcutaneous insulin injections, but a substantial proportion of patients face challenges such as severe hypoglycemic episodes and poorly controlled hyperglycemia. For T1DM patients, a more effective therapeutic option involves the replacement of ß-cells through allogeneic transplantation of either the entire pancreas or isolated pancreatic islets. Unfortunately, the scarcity of transplantable human organs has led to a growing list of patients waiting for an islet transplant. One potential alternative is xenotransplantation of porcine pancreatic islets. However, due to inter-species molecular incompatibilities, porcine tissues trigger a robust immune response in humans, leading to xenograft rejection. Several promising strategies aim to overcome this challenge and enhance the long-term survival and functionality of xenogeneic islet grafts. These strategies include the use of islets derived from genetically modified pigs, immunoisolation of islets by encapsulation in biocompatible materials, and the creation of an immunomodulatory microenvironment by co-transplanting islets with accessory cells or utilizing immunomodulatory biomaterials. This review concentrates on delineating the primary obstacles in islet xenotransplantation and elucidates the fundamental principles and recent breakthroughs aimed at addressing these challenges.

Effect of monosodium glutamate supplementation in diet on fatty acid profiles, genes expression related to lipid metabolism and egg yolk cholesterol in late phase of production in laying hens.

In an experiment with four treatments and five replicates, the effects of adding monosodium glutamate (MSG) to the diet in late phase of egg production was studied on performance, and lipid metabolism in laying hens. Dietary treatments included the control basal diet without MSG and the other treatments adding 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.2% MSG in the control diet respectively. The effect of supplementation of MSG on egg weight, egg production, feed conversion ratio and egg mass was insignificant (p < 0.05). Adding MSG to the diet significantly increased feed intake and blood polyunsaturated fatty acids concentration (p < 0.05). Intake of 0.8% and 1.2% MSG in the diet up regulated the mRNA expression of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, fatty acid synthase and lipoprotein lipase in the abdominal and liver tissues in comparison to the control group. Blood very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides and cholesterol concentration were increased in treatment fed with a diet containing 0.8% MSG compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The effect of MSG on total egg yolk cholesterol concentration was not significant. In conclusion, the results of the present experiment indicated that adding MSG increased feed intake and blood polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration.

Vitamin A deficiency in the MENA region: a 30-year analysis (1990-2019).

Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a common micronutrient deficiency that imposes a substantial burden worldwide. This study examined the burden of VAD from 1990 to 2019 in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region by age, sex and sociodemographic index (SDI). Methods: The data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database. We reported the prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) that were attributable to VAD for the MENA region, along with its constituent countries. Results: In 2019, the MENA region had 30.6 million prevalent cases of VAD, with an age-standardized prevalence rate of 5249.9 per 100,000 population. In addition, VAD was responsible for 62.2 thousand YLDs, with an age-standardized YLD rate of 10.2 per 100,000. The age-standardized prevalence [50.3% (-55.9 to -44.7)] and YLD [-49.3% (-55.3 to -43.1)] rates of VAD have significantly decreased since 1990. In 2019, the MENA region's VAD-attributable YLD rate was below the global average for males and females across all age groups. Additionally, SDI was negatively associated the age-standardized YLD rate of VAD. Conclusion: This study underscores the necessity of frequently updating health data and developing guidelines and regulations to prevent, detect early, and effectively treat VAD in the MENA countries.

Nucleic acid aptamers protect against lead (Pb(II)) toxicity.

Lead (Pb(II)) is a pervasive heavy metal toxin with many well-established negative effects on human health. Lead toxicity arises from cumulative, repeated environmental exposures. Thus, prophylactic strategies to protect against the bioaccumulation of lead could reduce lead-associated human pathologies. Here we show that DNA and RNA aptamers protect C. elegans from toxic phenotypes caused by lead. Reproductive toxicity, as measured by brood size assays, is prevented by co-feeding of animals with DNA or RNA aptamers. Similarly, lead-induced neurotoxicity, measured by behavioral assays, are also normalized by aptamer feeding. Further, cultured human HEK293 and primary murine osteoblasts are protected from lead toxicity by transfection with DNA aptamers. The osteogenic development, which is decreased by lead exposure, is maintained by prior transfection of lead-binding DNA aptamers. Aptamers may be an effective strategy for the protection of human health in the face of increasing environmental toxicants.

Burden of diseases due to high systolic blood pressure in the Middle East and North Africa region from 1990 to 2019.

High systolic blood pressure (HSBP) is associated with several metabolic and non-metabolic disorders. This research aimed to document the deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to HSBP in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region between 1990 and 2019, by age, sex, underlying cause and socio-demographic index (SDI). We used the methodological framework and data drawn from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 to identify the burden of diseases attributable to HSBP, from 1990 to 2019, in the MENA region. The estimates reported were presented as counts, population-attributable fractions, and age-standardised rates (per 100,000), along with 95% uncertainty intervals. In 2019, 803.6 thousand (687.1 to 923.8) deaths were attributed to HSBP in MENA, which accounted for 25.9% (22.9-28.6%) of all deaths. The number of regional DALYs caused by HSBP in 2019 was 19.0 million (16.3-21.9 million), which accounted for 11.6% (10.1-13.3%) of all DALYs, and was 23.4% (15.9-31.5%) lower than in 1990. The highest age-standardised DALY rate for 2019 was observed in Afghanistan, with the lowest in Kuwait. Additionally, the DALY rate in MENA rose with age for both sexs. Furthermore, a negative linear relationship was found between SDI and the age-standardised DALY rates. The region has a substantial HSBP-related burden. Policymakers and healthcare professionals should prioritize interventions that effectively promote the early detection of HSBP, access to quality healthcare, and lifestyle modifications to mitigate the HSBP burden in the MENA countries.

Analytical parameterization of Bragg curves for proton beams in muscle, bone, and polymethylmethacrylate.

Proton dose calculation in media other than water may be of interest for either research purposes or clinical practice. Current study aims to quantify the required parameters for analytical proton dosimetry in muscle, bone, and PMMA. Required analytical dosimetry parameters were extracted from ICRU-49 report and Janni study. Geant4 Toolkit was also used for Bragg curve simulation inside the investigated media at different proton energies. Calculated and simulated dosimetry data were compared using gamma analysis. Simulated and calculated Bragg curves are consistent, a fact that confirms the validity of reported parameters for analytical proton dosimetry inside considered media. Furthermore, derived analytical parameters for these media are different from those of water. Listed parameters can be reliably utilized for analytical proton dosimetry inside muscle, bone, and PMMA. Furthermore, accurate proton dosimetry inside each medium demands dedicated analytical parameters and one is not allowed to use the water coefficients for non-water media.

Evaluation of the effects of carboxytherapy in the treatment of periorbital dark circles.

BACKGROUND: Dark eye circle (DEC) is one of the most common cosmetic problems. It has a great impact on the patients' quality of life. Carboxytherapy is a cosmetic technique using pure carbon dioxide for different uses in different areas of the body. The goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of carboxytherapy in the cosmetic correction of DECs. METHODS: This study was conducted on 27 patients requesting the correction of DEC. The treatment was performed using a carboxy device in medical grade. The gas injection was performed intradermal after local anesthesia, with a pressure of one tenth bar and a speed of 20 cc/min, 1 cc in each upper and lower eyelid. The treatment sessions were done every 2 weeks for four sessions. RESULTS: The mean physicians' score of DECs before and after treatment was 8.7 ± 0.81 and 4.6 ± 1.1, respectively. The mean patients' score before and after treatment was 9.2 ± 0.5 versus 5.41 ± 1.37. The mean scores showed a significant reduction of skin discoloration without major side effects (p < 0.00001). CONCLUSION: Carboxytherapy seems to be an effective treatment option for dark circles around the eyes with a good safety profile and patient satisfaction.

Kidney cancer in the Middle East and North Africa region: a 30-year analysis (1990-2019).

Kidney cancer, a type of urogenital cancer, imposes a high burden on patients. Despite this, no recent research has evaluated the burden of this type of cancer in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This study explored the burden of kidney cancer from 1990 to 2019 according to age, sex and socio-demographic index (SDI). The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data was utilized to estimate the incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by kidney cancer. These estimates were reported as counts and as age-standardised rates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). The estimated age-standardised incidence, mortality, and DALY rates of kidney cancer in 2019 were 3.2 (2.8-3.6), 1.4 (1.2-1.6), and 37.2 (32.0-42.6) per 100,000, respectively. Over the period from 1990 to 2019, these rates have increased by 98.0%, 48.9%, and 37.7%, respectively. In 2019, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Lebanon had the largest age-standardised incidence, mortality, and DALY rates. The smallest age-standardised incidence rates were seen in Yemen, Afghanistan, and the Syrian Arab Republic. Additionally, the smallest age-standardised mortality and DALY rates were observed in the Syrian Arab Republic, Yemen, and Morocco. The highest incidence rates were found among individuals aged 75-79 in both males and females. In 2019, the MENA/Global DALY ratio exceeded one for females aged 5-19 age and males aged 5-14, compared to 1990age groups in males. The burden of kidney cancer consistently rose with increasing SDI levels from 1990 to 2019. The increasing burden of kidney cancer highlights the urgent need for interventions aimed at improving early diagnosis and treatment in the region.