[Study of the metabolic syndrome and physical activity in a population from Marrakesh, in Morocco]. / Etude du syndrome métabolique et l'activité physique chez une population de la ville de Marrakech, au Maroc.

INTRODUCTION: the aim of this study was to correlate the metabolic syndrome with the level of the physical activity in a population from Marrakech, Morocco. METHODS: the study was conducted at Ibn Zohr Regional Hospital in Marrakech. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated to assess the degree of obesity of each subject. To determine the level of physical activity, we used the short version of the IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire); Blood parameters were measured by a Biochemistry Automaton. All statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS software. RESULTS: a total of 300 subjects participated in the study, which 57.3% were female and 42.7% were male with a sex ratio of 0.74. The average age of our population was 51.6± 13.42 years old. Seventy-nine of the participants (26.3%) had a metabolic syndrome, with a predominance of female: 60 women (34.9%) and 19 men (14.8%). There is a significant relationship between level of physical activity and the presence of metabolic syndrome (P = 0.002), between physical activity level and BMI and waist circumference (p < 0.001) and (p = 0.003) respectively. CONCLUSION: the result shows a significant association between obesity, metabolic syndrome and the level of the physical activity, which would encourage us to encourage the application of lifestyle rules, including physical activity, which remains one of the best preventive actions against this pathology.

[Nutrition transition, prevalence of double burden of malnutrition and cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population living in the island of Anjouan, Comoros]. / Transition nutritionnelle, prévalence de la double charge de la malnutrition et facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires chez les adultes de l'île comorienne d'Anjouan.

INTRODUCTION: Overweight and obesity has been increasing at an alarming rate, in particular in the developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of underweight and overweight and to assess the relationship between body mass index and cardiovascular risk factors in adults living in the island of Anjouan. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving a sample of 902 individuals aged 25 to 64 years using the empirical survey based on "quota sampling". Nutritional status was determined by calculating the body mass index, the abdominal circumference and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Blood pressure, abdominal circumference and hip circumference were measured during the interview while capillary fasting blood glucose was measured the next day. RESULTS: The results show an average age of 39.5 ± 11.67 years. The overall prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity was 4.1%, 28.6% and 22.2% respectively. The risk factors associated with overweight/obesity were: advanced age (p= 0.004), gender (p=0.000), weight (p=0.000), diabetes (p= 0.006), hypertension (p= 0.01), abdominal obesity (p= 0.000), hip circumference (p=0.000), WHR (p=0.000), time of inactivity/day (p=0.001) and smoking (p< 0.05), in contrast to physical inactivity (p= 0.10). CONCLUSION: These results confirm the presence of a double burden of nutrition. Hence the urgency to implement preventive measures for noncommunicable diseases.

Profile of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in adults Anjouan Island (Comoros).

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) in the peri-urban adult population living in the island of Anjouan, Comoros and to investigate the factors associated with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The survey was a cross-sectional study, in which a sample of 902 individuals (540 women and 362 men) aged 25 to 64 was selected using empirical sampling "quotas" or "reasoned choice" survey method. Hypertension and obesity abdominal measurements of these subjects were collected during face-to-face interviews and following day fasting blood glucose was measured in capillary blood. RESULTS: Participation rate was 83.5%. The mean age of subjects was 39.5 ± 11.63 years. The sex ratio was 0.67. Overall crude diabetes and IFG prevalence were 8.5% and 8.1%, respectively. The risk factors for diabetes type 2 onset were a family history of diabetes (P = 0.006), older age (P = 0.000), glycemic control (P = 0.010), excess waist circumference (P = 0.03) and hypertension (p = 0.000), were significantly positively associated with DM, contrary to sex (P = 0.142). CONCLUSION: These high figures confirm that diabetes and factors associated do not spare Anjouan population. Awareness, primary prevention, are to set up for a better control of non-communicable diseases.