Uncommon Presentation: A Case Report on a Rare Vulvar Fibroadenoma.

Vulval fibroadenoma is an uncommon, benign tumor that originates from ectopic breast tissue or mammary-like glands in the anogenital region. Only a limited number of cases have been documented in medical literature. Typically occurring in young and middle-aged women, this condition, when surgically removed, generally exhibits a favorable prognosis with a low recurrence rate. We report a case of vulvar fibroadenoma wherein the patient exhibited a groin region mass. The mass was then excised and examined histologically. Histological examination of the polypoidal tissue section unveiled a clearly defined lesion comprising both epithelial and stromal components.

Long COVID and Wavering Incidence of Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious medical condition that can occur as a result of venous thromboembolism (VTE). COVID-19, also known as Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), can potentially lead to PE due to the formation of blood clots in the lungs. This study aims to collate and report trends of PE in patients with long COVID (4-12 weeks since infection) and post-COVID-19 syndrome (>12 weeks since infection). The study adhered to PRISMA Statement 2020 guidelines, and a systematic search was conducted in four databases. In total, nine observational studies were included with a total patient count of 45,825,187. The incidence of PE with long COVID/post-COVID-19 syndrome was seen among 31,885 individuals out of 44,967,887 participants. The incidence rate of PE was observed as 0.07%, given that the studies included matched controls. While we cannot state with certainty that COVID-19 infection in itself leads to higher risks of PE at a later time, this study emphasizes the need for optimized care and longitudinal studies during the COVID-19 era to account for deviations from the norm.

The labels and models used to describe problematic substance use impact discrete elements of stigma: A registered report.

OBJECTIVES: Problematic substance use is one of the most stigmatized health conditions leading research to examine how the labels and models used to describe it influence public stigma. Two recent studies examine whether beliefs in a disease model of addiction influence public stigma but result in equivocal findings-in line with the mixed-blessings model, Kelly et al. (2021) found that while the label "chronically relapsing brain disease" reduced blame attribution, it decreased prognostic optimism and increased perceived danger and need for continued care; however, Rundle et al. (2021) conclude absence of evidence. This study isolates the different factors used in these two studies to assess whether health condition (drug use vs. health concern), etiological label (brain disease vs. problem), and attributional judgment (low vs. high treatment stability) influence public stigma toward problematic substance use. METHOD: Overall, 1,613 participants were assigned randomly to one of the eight vignette conditions that manipulated these factors. They completed self-report measures of discrete and general public stigma and an indirect measure of discrimination. RESULTS: Greater social distance, danger, and public stigma but lower blame were ascribed to drug use relative to a health concern. Greater (genetic) blame was reported when drug use was labeled as a "chronically relapsing brain disease" relative to a "problem." Findings for attributional judgment were either inconclusive or statistically equivalent. DISCUSSION: The labels used to describe problematic substance use appear to impact discrete elements of stigma. We suggest that addiction is a functional attribution, which may explain the mixed literature on the impact of etiological labels on stigma to date. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Non-linear relationship between tourism, economic growth, urbanization, and environmental degradation: evidence from smooth transition models.

The study aims to analyze two objectives: first is to explore the non-linear relationship between tourism development, economic growth, urbanization, and environmental degradation, and also to analyze the threshold level of the contribution of tourism development on environmental degradation in top tourist arrival destinations. We applied the newly proposed econometric method panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) framework with two regimes on yearly panel data from 1995 to 2017. Findings suggest that the relationship between tourism development and environmental degradation is non-linear and regime dependent. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the relationship above the threshold level is negative and significant, while below the threshold, tourism development is positive and significant effect on environmental degradation. Tourism development and environmental degradation also exhibit the inverted U-shape relationship meaning that at a particular point, increase in tourism development increases in environmental degradation but after a particular point, increase in tourism development decreases the environmental degradation. The economic growth and urbanization also portray a non-linear and regime-dependent relationship with environmental degradation. The study assists policies and empirical information.

Non-linear threshold effect of financial development on renewable energy consumption: evidence from panel smooth transition regression approach.

Financial development is identified as one of the significant factors that affect energy consumption and has been widely discussed in the literature. However, the association between financial development and renewable energy consumption is still at its earlier stage and is limitedly explored. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the non-linear association between financial development and renewable energy consumption in the top renewable energy consumption countries. The study utilized the newly introduced econometric technique panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model with two regimes on annual panel data consisted of years 1997-2017. The result confirmed that all the financial development indicators increase renewable energy consumption but affect renewable energy consumption differently. Moreover, the economic growth and industrial structure showed a positive and significant association in both regimes, whereas the population showed a negative relationship with renewable energy consumption in a low growth regime but the association becomes positive in high growth regimes. The study suggested several policies for the top renewable consumption countries.

A Unique Association of Osteogenesis Imperfecta with Bilateral Renal Osteodystrophy and Gastroenteritis in a Three-year-old Boy.

We describe a three-year-old male child who presented to the pediatrics out-patient department with a history of decrease in appetite, generalized weakness, on and off loose motions for one year, inability to walk and sit for eight months with a loss of neck holding for 14 days. On examination, the patient had a classic frog-shaped leg posture. X-rays of chest, skull, pelvis and long bones were performed which showed osteopenic bones, frontal bossing and multiple microfractures, which were classic for osteogenesis Imperfecta but the child did not have other salient features such as blue sclera, otosclerosis, and respiratory difficulty. The patient also had urinary complaints due to which ultrasound of kidney ureters and bladder (KUB) was performed, which showed bilateral renal calculi and grade 2 renal parenchymal changes. This case report illustrates the evaluation of the child with osteogenesis imperfecta, as well as the unique association of renal osteodystrophy and gastroenteritis with it.