Exploring the criteria and factors affecting firefighters' resilience: A qualitative study / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Firefighters are exposed to high levels of occupational risk factors, such as safety risks, chemical, ergonomic, and physical hazards that may jeopardize their lives. To overcome these hazards, firefighters must be physically, mentally, and personally fit to work. This study aimed to explore the criteria and factors affecting firefighters' resilience based on stakeholders' experiences.@*METHODS@#This qualitative study was carried out using conventional content analysis. In total, 21 face-to-face interviews were conducted by firefighters who were experienced in the field. The interviews were carried out from July 2019 to January 2020. The data were collected using 3 unstructured interviews and then resumed by 18 semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done using Graneheim method.@*RESULTS@#The participants had more than 5 years of experience in the field of search and rescue. The extracted codes through data analysis were classified into 3 main categories (individual, organizational, and social factors), 9 sub-categories (mental, physical, occupational, managerial, colleagues-related, equipment-related, environmental, community-related, and family-related factors), as well as 19 sub-sub-categories and 570 codes.@*CONCLUSION@#Firefighters' personality, physical condition, behavior and psychological characteristics can affect their resilience along with organizational and management factors that play significant role in people's safety. Developing a tool for assessing resilience can help decision makers to have a real depict of firefighters' job qualifications.

Household disaster preparedness in the Islamic Republic of Iran: 2015 estimation

Background: The Islamic Republic of Iran is at high risk of natural disasters. Households are the basic unit of society and they need to be prepared for disasters. Aims: This study assessed disaster preparedness among Iranian households in 2015. Methods: Using multistage cluster sampling, 2968 households in the catchment area of 53 public health departments in all 30 provinces of the Islamic Republic of Iran were surveyed on the disaster preparedness measures they had taken in the past year. The data collection questionnaire included 15 disaster preparedness measures. The mean preparedness score was calculated and its association with residence (urban versus rural), house ownership (owner versus renter) and educa-tion level of the head of the household (illiterate, elementary school, middle school, high school, university) was evaluated.Results: The mean score for household disaster preparedness was 9.3 out of 100 (95% confidence interval: 8.3–10.3). Mul-tivariate analysis showed higher preparedness among rural than urban households (P = 0.02). Higher education level was positively associated with a higher preparedness score (P < 0.001), as was house ownership (P < 0.001).Conclusion: The level of household disaster preparedness in the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2015 was low. In line with the first priority for action of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, the current study provides an overall picture of household disaster preparedness in the Islamic Republic of Iran. This estimation can be used as a baseline value for policy-making, planning, and evaluation of public awareness of disasters in the country.

Contexte : La République islamique d’Iran est exposée à un risque élevé de catastrophes naturelles. Les ménages constituent la cellule de base de la société et ils doivent être prêts à faire face à des catastrophes de ce type. Objectifs : La présente étude a évalué la préparation des ménages iraniens en cas de catastrophe naturelle en 2015. Méthodes : En utilisant un sondage en grappes à plusieurs degrés, 2968 ménages appartenant à la zone couverte par 53 départements de santé publique dans les 30 provinces de la République islamique d’Iran ont été interrogés sur les mesures de préparation face aux catastrophes naturelles qu’ils avaient mises en place au cours de l’année précédente. Le questionnaire de collecte de données comprenait 15 mesures de préparation aux catastrophes. Le score moyen de préparation a été calculé et son association avec le lieu de résidence (milieu urbain ou rural), le fait d’être propriétaire de son logement (propriétaire ou locataire) et le niveau d’éducation du chef de ménage (analphabète, primaire, collège, lycée, université) a été évaluée.Résultats : Le score moyen de préparation des ménages aux catastrophes était de 9,3 sur 100 (intervalle de confiance à 95 % : 8,3-10,3). L’analyse multivariée a montré un niveau de préparation plus élevé parmi les ménages des milieux ruraux que parmi ceux vivant en milieu urbain (p = 0,02). Le niveau d’éducation plus élevé était associé de façon positive à un score de préparation supérieur (p < 0,001) de même que le fait d’être propriétaire de son logement (p < 0,001).Conclusion : En 2015, le niveau de préparation des ménages face aux catastrophes naturelles en République islamique d’Iran était faible. En ligne avec la première priorité d’action du Cadre de Sendai pour la réduction des risques de catastrophe, la présente étude offre une vue d’ensemble de la préparation des ménages aux catastrophes en République islamique d’Iran. Cette estimation pourrait constituer une base de référence en vue de l’élaboration des politiques, de la planification et de l’évaluation du niveau de sensibilisation du public face aux catastrophes naturelles dans le pays.

An overview of the epidemiology of primary infertility in iran.

INTRODUCTION: This article compares the prevalence of primary infertility in Iran estimates provided by different studies. No other study had provided a review about the researches related to epidemiology of infertility in the country. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was undertaken using the scientific resources on the internet and the list of national projects obtained from Deputy of Research and Technology, of Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH & ME) and relevant research centers. These resources were attentively reviewed to find about national studies on the epidemiology of primary infertility in Iran during the last decade. Based on their design quality, the National Infertility Study (NIS) (2004-2005), National Health Survey (NHS) (2001) and Tehran Study (1997) were considered for the research. RESULTS: Current primary infertility estimated by National Health Survey (NHS) was 2.8% and by National Infertility Survey (NIS) 3.4%. Tehran study and NIS estimated the prevalence of lifetime primary infertility to be 21.9% and 24.9%, respectively. The minimum prevalence of lifetime primary infertility was found to be 15.8% for the marriage age of 19-27 by Tehran study and 17.2% for the marriage age of 21-26 by NIS. CONCLUSION: On the average, 21-22% of women experience primary infertility during their marital life. The best age of marriage for women in Iran seems to be 20-27 years. At this age group, the lowest number of women (16-18%) would experience primary infertility.