A Study on Associations of Long Noncoding RNA HOTAIR Polymorphisms With Genetic Susceptibility to Chronic Kidney Disease.

BACKGROUND: The importance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in various biological processes has been increasingly recognized in recent years. This study investigated how gene polymorphism in HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) lncRNA affects the predisposition to chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: This study comprised 150 patients with CKD and 150 healthy controls. A PCR-RFLP and ARMS-PCR techniques were used for genotyping the five target polymorphisms. RESULTS: According to our findings, rs4759314 confers strong protection against CKD in allelic, dominant, and codominant heterozygote genetic patterns. Furthermore, rs3816153 decreased CKD risk by 78% when TT versus GG, 55% when GG+GT versus TT, and 74% when GT versus TT+GG. In contrast, the CC+CT genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 1.66, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.05-2.63] and the T allele (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.06-2.11) of rs12826786, as well as the TT genotype (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.06-5.98) of rs3816153 markedly increased the risk of CKD in the Iranian population. Although no linkage disequilibrium was found between the studied variants, the Crs12826786Trs920778Grs1899663Grs4759314Grs3816153 haplotype was associated with a decreased risk of CKD by 86% (OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.03-0.66). CONCLUSION: The rs920778 was not correlated with CKD risk, whereas the HOTAIR rs4759314, rs12826786, rs1899663, and rs3816153 polymorphisms affected the risk of CKD in our population. It seems essential to conduct repeated studies across various ethnic groups to explore the link between HOTAIR variants and their impact on the disease outcome.

Study of The Relationship Between 24-hour Urine Protein Excretion Rate and Protein/Creatinine Ratio in Random Urine Specimen of Women with Preeclampsia.

INTRODUCTION: Early diagnosis and management of preeclampsia are very important to reduce fetal and maternal complications. In this study, we examined the ratio of protein to creatinine in a random urine sample and its relationship to the rate of 24-hour urine protein excretion for quick detection and prompt management of this condition in women with preeclampsia. METHODS: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 60 pregnant women with preeclampsia referred to the maternity ward of Ali Ebn -e Abitaleb hospital of Zahedan in 2019 were recruited. The 24-hour urine protein excretion and the ratio of protein to creatinine in a random urine sample were compared in these patients. RESULTS: The results showed that there was a positive correlation between the 24-hour urinary protein excretion and the protein to creatinine ratio of the random urine sample in preeclampsia (P < .001, r = 0.515). Women with a higher 24-hour protein excretion also had a higher urinary protein to creatinine ratio. CONCLUSION: In general, based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the ratio of protein to creatinine in the random urine sample has a good diagnostic efficiency in suspected preeclampsia. It is a quick alternative method for detecting suspicious proteinuria and could be used as a screening test in emergency situations.  DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7457.

Coding Variants of the FMO3 Gene Are Associated with the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern involving roughly one-tenth of developed countries' populations. The flavin-containing dimethylaniline monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a toxin in CKD sufferers. This preliminary study aims to evaluate the association between coding region variations of FMO3, rs2266782G/A (E158K), rs2266780A/G (E308G), and rs1736557G/A (V257M), and the susceptibility to CKD. Methods: A total of 356 participants were enrolled, including 157 patients diagnosed with CKD and 199 age-matched healthy individuals. Genotyping of FMO3 gene variations was performed via PCR-RFLP and ARMS-PCR methods. Results: Our findings revealed a significant association between rs2266780A/G and rs1736557G/A and CKD under different genetic models. Compared to the GGG haplotype of rs2266782/rs1736557/rs2266780, the GAG, GAA, AAG, and AAA haplotype combinations conferred an increased risk of CKD in our population. Interaction analysis revealed that some genotype combinations, including GA/AA/AA, AA/AA/AA, GA/AA/GA, and GG/AG/AA, dramatically increased CKD risk in the Iranian population. No correlation was found between FMO3 polymorphisms and CKD stages. Discussion: These observations highlight the potential impact of coding variants of the FMO3 gene on the onset of CKD. Further investigations into expanded populations and diverse races are needed to confirm our findings.

Functional miR143/145 Cluster Variants and Haplotypes Are Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease: a Preliminary Case-Control Study and Computational Analyses.

MiR-143/145 cluster is a novel transcriptional target of many signaling pathways, with variations within this cluster contributed to the risk of multiple diseases. To date, no data regarding the link between miR143/145 cluster polymorphisms and the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been reported. Hence, we aimed to examine such association in a population of Iranian ancestry. In this preliminary study, 276 CKD patients and 300 unrelated age and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP and allele-specific-PCR methods. Computational analyses were performed to predict the potential effects of the variants. Our findings indicated that rs41291957, rs12659504, and rs353292 polymorphisms were positively associated with CKD, while rs4705342 and rs4705343 polymorphisms demonstrated a significant negative association with the disease. Moreover, a significant association was observed between CC + TC and TT genotypes and CKD stages. We found that AACTT, AATTC, AATTT, GATTC, GATTT, and GGCTT haplotypes significantly enhanced the risk of CKD compared with the Grs41291957AArs12659504Crs353292Trs4705342Trs4705343 haplotype. Computational analysis showed that rs353292, rs4705342, and rs4705343 might alter the binding of the transcription factors in this gene cluster. We found that miR-143/145 cluster polymorphisms were associated with CKD risk in a sample of the Iranian population. Replicated studies on different ethnicities are necessary to investigate the association between these promoter variants and clinical outcomes.

The effect of T helper (Th)/T cytotoxic (Tc) ratio on disease severity in type A hemophilia patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the T helper (Th) to T cytotoxic (Tc) ratio in children suffering from type A hemophilia disease and to evaluate the correlation of this ratio with disease severity. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Two mls of EDTA anti coagulated whole blood was collected. Immunophenotyping of lymphocytes count was carried out by FACS analysis using a double CD4 and CD8 kit. The mean ± SD of absolute numbers of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes/ml was calculated and the ratio of CD4/CD8 was evaluated by statistical method. RESULTS: Among 80 type A hemophilia patients, 66 (82.5%) were male. The mean age was 15 ± 3.51 years. 12 (15%) of them were suffering from mild disease and 68 (85%) had sever disease. The CD4 /CD8 ratio was obtained between 0.45 and 1.44 with mean1.79 ± 0.78. The correlation between this ration and disease severity was 0.019. CONCLUSION: The results showed that CD4/CD8 ratio has correlation with disease severity in type A hemophilia patients, however there was no association between this ratio and gender.

Comparison of renal arterial resistive index in type 2 diabetic nephropathy stage 0-4.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of world health problems and its prevalence and incidence is increasing. Chronic Kidney Failure involves a range of pathophysiologic processes that are associated with impaired renal function, leading to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Renal artery resistive index (RI) is indicator of atherosclerotic change in small vessels. The current study was aimed to assess RI in diabetic nephropathy patients at stage 0-4 and to compare RRI with HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In this cross sectional study,100 diabetic nephropathy patients who attend to nephrology clinic of Ali-ibn Abi Talib Hospital were entered to the study. Ultrasound Doppler renal resistive index was measured and other information was recorded from their last lab data that was recorded in their medical records. Variable included: systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, albuminuria, GFR, HbA1c. All data was analyzed by Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The findings indicated a significant correlation of RI with systolic BP (p=0.04 R=0.75), microalbuminuria (P=0.001 R=0.67), and GFR (P=0.001 R=0.76), while diastolic BP (P=0/45 R=0/32), HbA1c (P=0/56 R=0/43) were not found to be associated with RI. The findings indicated that increased systolic blood pressure, albumin excretion (microalbuminuria) and severity of disease were capable of increasing RI values in diabetic nephropathy patients. In addition, decreased GFR.

Nephrotic Syndrome After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: Outcomes in Iran.

OBJECTIVES: Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant have an elevated incidence of acute renal failure. However, the incidence of nephritic syndrome due to graft-versus-host disease is growing and is independently associated with chronic renal disease after this procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective study to examine the risk of chronic kidney disease in glomerulopathy patients following hematopoietic stem cell transplant with a follow-up of 10 years. RESULTS: In our follow-up of 14 patients (4 men and 10 women) who were diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplant, in 10 patients (71%), biopsy showed membranous nephropathy associated with graft-versus-host disease. The remaining 4 patients had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, or minimal change disease. All patients were treated with angiotensin receptor blockers, cyclosporine (Neoral), and prednisolone. During follow-up, 6 patients (43%) had heavy proteinuria and a rise in serum creatinine, and 1 patient (7%) needed hemodialysis. Eleven patients (79%) achieved complete remission of nephrotic syndrome, 5 (36%) remained hypertensive, and 3 (21%) did not respond to therapy.. CONCLUSIONS: The early diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome should be considered after hematopoietic stem cell transplant, and therapeutic outcome measures should be in place in advance. If this is done, we found that patients' response to treatment can be optimal, and their renal function and overall survival can improve.