Utilidad de la ecografía en el diagnóstico y seguimiento del pioderma gangrenoso / Usefulness of ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of pyoderma gangrenosum

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Unusual Interface Dermatoses Distributed Along Blaschko's Lines in Adult Patients.

Linear dermatoses are unusual entities whose distribution reflects cutaneous mosaicism, even when they occur in adult life. Adult blaschkitis (AB) and lichen striatus (LS) always follow this peculiar distribution. Although usually referred to as distinct entities, the clinical and histopathological presentation of lichen striatus in adults may be similar to those of adult blaschkitis. Moreover, some cases with overlapping features between lichen striatus and linear lichen planus have been published, making precise diagnosis very difficult. Recently, the concept of a wide spectrum of blaschkolinear dermatoses with AB and LS located somewhere within it has been proposed but it has not gained general recognition. We report three cases of dermatoses following the lines of Blaschko in adults (two women and one male, ages 35, 50 and 56, respectively). They involved the upper extremity in two cases and the lower in the third. Clinically, they were interpreted as linear lichen planus or blaschkitis but, histopathologically, they showed features consistent with lichen striatus. Lesions subsided with topic steroids and/or tacrolimus ointment, they are an example of the significant overlapping between these three entities, demonstrating that they may exist on a spectrum both clinically and histopathologically and clinico-pathologic correlation is essential to achieve an accurate final diagnosis. A detailed review of previously published cases has also been made.

Er,Cr:YSGG laser therapy for oral leukoplakia minimizes thermal artifacts on surgical margins: a pilot study.

Laser use for biopsy of suspicious lesions may simulate cytological atypia at the margin of the incisions, challenging pathological diagnosis. Erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser has shown promising results in experimental models by inducing fewer artifacts. The aims of this study were to examine the thermal wounds induced by Er,Cr:YSGG laser in a short series of oral leukoplakias in terms of cytological and epithelial architectural changes and also to assess the width of the thermal damage lateral to the incision. Four oral leukoplakia patients entered the study and underwent complete surgical excision of their lesions by using Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Patients were weekly controlled until complete healing was accomplished. The patients were included on the existing follow-up program for these lesions thereafter. Study samples were routinely processed by the same technician and double-blindedly studied by two pathologists until a consensus was reached for each case. The pathological analysis of the samples revealed no autolysis and no fixation- or handling-related artifacts. However, cellular and nuclear polymorphism could be observed in two samples. Loss of intercellular adherence was the most frequent thermal artifact in this series; all pseudodysplastic artifacts recognized in the study were of low intensity and located at the basal and suprabasal layers of the leukoplakias' epithelium. The width of the thermal damage at the edge of the incision scored an average of 26.60 ± 25.3 µm. It is concluded that irradiation with Er,Cr:YSGG laser induces a minimal amount of thermal artifacts at the surgical margins of oral leukoplakias and avoids diagnostic interferences with real dysplastic borders.

Silicosis y trasplante pulmonar / Lung transplantation in silicosis

Silicosis is a prevalent disease in Chile, a developing miner country. Scarce information about lung transplantation as an alternative for treating severe silicosis is available. Objective: To describe the time and way of exposure to silica and the clinical characteristics of silicotic patients subjected to lung transplantation at Clinica Las Condes, Santiago. Patients and Methods: From 38 patients subjected to lung transplantation between 1999 and 2006, four of them were transplanted because of severe silicosis. Ldiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was the predominant underlying disease (55 percent) of these 38 patients. Results: The four silicotic patients were transplanted at an age ranging from 34 to 65 years old. Their period of exposure ranged between 5 and 30 years and symptoms become evident after 4 to 30 years of exposure. Two patients were miners, another one was a quartz grinding worker and the fourth of them was a polisher of dental prothesis, The surgery was complex because of distortion in pulmonary anatomy. The hospital length of stay was longer in silicotics as compared with non-silicotic patients with lung transplant (41 versus 21 days, p < 0.10; c²). The long-term clinical course has been satisfactory. Association with tuberculosis has not been shown in any of these patients, Conclusions: Lung transplant is an alternative in patients with severe silicosis. Pulmonary anatomy is distorted in these patients determining more perioperatory morbidity than in non-silicotic patients.

La silicosis es una enfermedad prevalente en Chile, que es un país minero y en desarrollo. Existe escasa bibliografía sobre trasplante pulmonar, como alternativa de tratamiento en silicosis avanzada. Objetivo: Describir el tiempo y forma de exposición a la sílice y las características clínicas de enfermos silicóticos tratados con trasplante pulmonar en la Clínica Las Condes de Santiago. Pacientes y Métodos: De un total de 38 pacientes en los que se practicó trasplante pulmonar entre 1999 y 2006, cuatro de ellos fueron trasplantados por padecer de silicosis avanzada. En estos 38 enfermos la fibrosis pulmonar idiopática fue la enfermedad subyacente predominante (55 por ciento). Resultados: Los 4 pacientes silicóticos fueron trasplantados a una edad que fluctuó entre 34 y 65 años. Su período de exposición varió entre 5 y 30 años y sus síntomas comenzaron a manifestarse 4 a 30 años después de iniciada la exposición. Dos pacientes eran mineros, otro trabajó en la molienda de cuarzo y el 4° enfermo fue pulidor de prótesis dentales. La cirugía fue compleja debido a la distorsión de la anatomía pulmonar de estos enfermos. La estadía hospitalaria fue más prolongada en los trasplantados silicóticos que en los no silicóticos (41 versus 21 días, p < 0,10; c²). La evolución clínica a largo plazo ha sido satisfactoria, no demostrándose asociación con tuberculosis. Conclusiones: El trasplante pulmonar es una alternativa de tratamiento en pacientes con silicosis avanzada. La anatomía de estos pacientes está alterada, lo cual determina mayor morbilidadperi-operatoria que en trasplantes pulmonares en pacientes no silicóticos.

Neumonía del adulto adquirida en la comunidad / Pneumonia adult community-acquired

La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) constituye aún, una patología de alta morbi mortalidad a pesar del desarrollo y la disponibilidad de técnicas diagnósticas adecuadas y el desarrollo de antibióticos de amplio espectro. Esto responde fundamentalmente a la presencia de pacientes lábiles, en número cada vez más creciente, que incluye a los adultos mayores y portadores de enfermedades crónicas. Por otro lado, el uso indiscriminado de antibióticos ha llevado al desarrollo de resistencia antibiótica, con una consecuente mayor gravedad de los procesos infecciosos. El desafío por tanto, es efectuar un diagnóstico y tratamientos adecuados. Para ello se ha determinado la utilidad de considerar guías que permitan unificar criterios. En ese sentido esta publicación desea contribuir a ello, revisando aquellas que actualmente están vigentes en Chile.