RESUMO
Bacterial infection is considered a predisposing factor for disorders of the biliary tract. This study aimed to determine the diversity of bacterial communities in bile samples and their involvement in the occurrence of biliary tract diseases. A total of 102 bile samples were collected during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Characterization of bacteria was done using culture and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and identity of the nucleotide sequences of differentiated bands from the DGGE gels was determined based on GenBank data. In total, 41.2 % (42/102) of the patients showed bacterial infection in their bile samples. This infection was detected in 21 % (4/19), 45.4 % (5/11), 53.5 % (15/28), and 54.5 % (24/44) of patients with common bile duct stone, microlithiasis, malignancy, and gallbladder stone, respectively. Escherichia coli showed a significant association with gallstones. Polymicrobial infection was detected in 48 % of the patients. While results of the culture method established coexistence of biofilm-forming bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus spp., and Acinetobacter spp.) in different combinations, the presence of Capnocytophaga spp., Lactococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Enterobacter or Citrobacter spp., Morganella spp., Salmonella spp., and Helicobacter pylori was also characterized in these samples by the PCR-DGGE method. Multidrug resistance phenotypes (87.5 %) and resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins and quinolones were common in these strains, which could evolve through their selection by bile components. Ability for biofilm formation seems to be a need for polymicrobial infection in this organ.
Assuntos
Bactérias/genética , Bile/microbiologia , Doenças Biliares/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Biliar , Doenças Biliares/cirurgia , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Estudos de Coortes , Eletroforese em Gel de Gradiente Desnaturante , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated H. pylori seroprevalence and the relevant factors in 1518 people aged > or = 6 years from the general population of Nahavand, western Islamic Republic of Iran. Questionnaires covering sociodemographic variables were completed by interview. Blood samples were taken from each individual. Sera were tested for anti-H. pylori IgG using commercial enzyme immunoassay. Overall, seroprevalence of H. pylori was high, 71.0% (95% CI: 69.0%-73.0%). There was a gradual increase with age. Based on multivariate adjustment, only female sex and age could be considered risk factors.
Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter/epidemiologia , Helicobacter pylori , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Infecções por Helicobacter/sangue , Infecções por Helicobacter/imunologia , Helicobacter pylori/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Vigilância da População , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated H. pylori seroprevalence and the relevant factors in 1518 people aged > /= 6 years from the general population of Nahavand, western Islamic Republic of Iran. Questionnaires covering sociodemographic variables were completed by interview. Blood samples were taken from each individual. Sera were tested for anti-H. pylori IgG using commercial enzyme immunoassay. Overall, seroprevalence of H. pylori was high, 71.0% [95% CI: 69.0%-73.0%]. There was a gradual increase with age. Based on multivariate adjustment, only female sex and age could be considered risk factors
Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Estudos Transversais , População , Inquéritos e Questionários , Imunoglobulina G , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Etários , Fatores Sexuais , Helicobacter pyloriRESUMO
Counselling of patients with viral hepatitis is often limited to discussions about how the virus is transmitted. The aim of the present study was to document the principal concerns of patients suffering from chronic hepatitis B and C infection. The most common volunteered concerns were infecting family members (80.6%), infecting others (66.7%), side-effects of treatment (50.0%), disease progression to cirrhosis (44.4%), loss of employment (41.7%), liver transplantation (36.1%), social stigma (36.1%), change in lifestyle (33.3%), development of liver cancer (25%), costs and money (22.2%), fear of disease (5.6%) and psychological disease (5.6%). Health care providers who focus counselling efforts exclusively on viral transmission are unlikely to address other important concerns.
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Aconselhamento , Hepatite B Crônica/psicologia , Hepatite C Crônica/psicologia , Avaliação das Necessidades/organização & administração , Adulto , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Aconselhamento/organização & administração , Progressão da Doença , Emprego/psicologia , Medo , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hepatite B Crônica/complicações , Hepatite B Crônica/terapia , Hepatite B Crônica/transmissão , Hepatite C Crônica/complicações , Hepatite C Crônica/terapia , Hepatite C Crônica/transmissão , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Estilo de Vida , Neoplasias Hepáticas/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Hepáticas/virologia , Transplante de Fígado/psicologia , Masculino , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/organização & administração , Método Simples-Cego , Estereotipagem , Inquéritos e Questionários , População UrbanaRESUMO
Counselling of patients with viral hepatitis is often limited to discussions about how the virus is transmitted. The aim of the present study was to document the principal concerns of patients suffering from chronic hepatitis B and C infection. The most common volunteered concerns were infecting family members [80.6%], infecting others [66.7%], side-effects of treatment [50.0%], disease progression to cirrhosis [44.4%], loss of employment [41.7%], liver transplantation [36.1%], social stigma [36.1%], change in lifestyle [33.3%], development of liver cancer [25%], costs and money [22.2%], fear of disease [5.6%] and psychological disease [5.6%]. Health care providers who focus counseling efforts exclusively on viral transmission are unlikely to address other important concerns
Assuntos
Hepatite C Crônica , Emprego , Aconselhamento , Pacientes , Hepatite B CrônicaRESUMO
This study investigated the frequency of Escherichia col, Shigella and Salmonella species in stool specimens from patients with diarrhoea presenting to health centres in Hamedan province, Islamic Republic of Iran. From 144 samples, Shigella strains were isolated in 17 cases (11.8%): 10 Sh. flexneri, 3 Sh. sonnei, 2 Sh. boydii and 2 untyped strains. No Salmonella strains were isolated. Using molecular diagnostic methods, diarrheogenic E. coli were detected in 37 cases (25.7%), the majority were enterotoxigenic (ETEC) (22 cases) and Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) strains (15 cases). In 14 cases (9.7%) there was co-infection.
Assuntos
Diarreia , Disenteria Bacilar/complicações , Infecções por Escherichia coli/complicações , Infecções por Salmonella/complicações , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Centros Comunitários de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Comorbidade , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Disenteria Bacilar/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Escherichia coli O157/genética , Escherichia coli O157/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epidemiologia Molecular , Vigilância da População , Infecções por Salmonella/microbiologia , Sorotipagem , Distribuição por Sexo , Shigella boydii/genética , Shigella boydii/isolamento & purificação , Shigella flexneri/genética , Shigella flexneri/isolamento & purificação , Shigella sonnei/genética , Shigella sonnei/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
This study investigated the frequency of Escherichia coli, Shigella and Salmonella species in stool specimens from patients with diarrhoea presenting to health centres in Hamedan province, Islamic Republic of Iran. From 144 samples, Shigella strains were isolated in 17 cases [11.8%]: 10 Sh. flexneri, 3 Sh. sonnei, 2 Sh. boydii and 2 untyped strains. No Salmonella strains were isolated. Using molecular diagnostic methods, diarrheogenic E. coli were detected in 37 cases [25.7%], the majority were enterotoxigenic [ETEC] [22 cases] and Shiga toxin- producing [STEC] strains [15 cases]. In 14 cases [9.7%] there was co- infection
Assuntos
Diarreia , Escherichia coli , Shigella , Salmonella typhi , Fezes , Meios de Cultura , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection requires a good host immune response. Cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- alpha) may play a role in such immune response. Genetic changes in TNF-a gene promoter region are known to influence TNF- alpha expression. We therefore studied the role of one such mutation in chronic HBV infection. METHODS: Presence of -308 G/A polymorphism in the promoter region of TNF- alpha gene was looked for in 100 patients with chronic HBV infection, 91 subjects with spontaneously recovered HBV infection and 89 healthy controls, using a PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS: Variant alleles (A/A or A/G) were found in 22 of 100 (22%) patients with chronic HBV infection, 21 of 91 (23%) subjects with spontaneous HBV clearance and 14 of 89 (15.7%) control subjects (p=ns for inter-group comparisons). CONCLUSION: TNF- alpha promoter polymorphism -308A is common in Iranian population, but has no association with development of chronic HBV infection.
Assuntos
Hepatite B Crônica/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Alelos , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genéticaRESUMO
We determined the seroprevalence of hepatitis B in Nahavand in a sample of 1824 subjects > 5 years in 2002. Face-to-face interviews were conducted and blood samples taken. The association between risk factor and hepatitis B was assessed using logistic regression. The prevalence of HBsAg positive cases was 2.3%, and HBcAb and HBsAb were isolated in 7.8% and 11.6% of the participants respectively; 11.9% were positive for both HBcAb and HBsAb. History of surgery and imprisonment were the major risk factors for infection with odds ratios of 2.14 (95% CI: 1.22-3.05) and 3.57 (95% CI: 1.68-5.4) respectively.
Assuntos
Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Saúde da População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/imunologia , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Vigilância da População , Prisioneiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Distribuição por Sexo , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/efeitos adversos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
We determined the seroprevalence of hepatitis B in Nahavand in a sample of 1824 subjects > 5 years in 2002. Face- to- face interviews were conducted and blood samples taken. The association between risk factor and hepatitis B was assessed using logistic regression. The prevalence of HbsAg positive cases was 2.3%, and HBcAb and HBsAb were isolated in 7.8% and 11.6% of the participants respectively; 11.9% were positive for both HBcAb and HBsAb. History of surgery and imprisonment were the major risk factors for infection with odds ratios of 2.14 [95% CI: 1.22- 3.05] and 3.57 [95% CI: 1.68- 5.4] respectively
