RESUMO
Despite the numerous reports of cutaneous manifestations associated with vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the relationship between COVID-19 vaccines and cutaneous side effects remains unevaluated. In this review, we examine these manifestations and their management. Reported dermatoses included injection-site reaction (early and delayed), type I allergic reaction, morbilliform eruption, pityriasis rosea, Sweet syndrome, lichen planus, psoriasis, herpes zoster reactivation, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). The most common COVID-19 vaccination-related cutaneous manifestations are delayed local reactions, approximately 66% of which are associated with the Moderna vaccine, and 33% with the Pfizer vaccine. Aside from mild injection-site reactions, severe reactions include anaphylaxis and TEN. Most reactions, except for Stevens-Johnson syndrome and anaphylaxis, though unpredictable and unpreventable are mild and can be treated symptomatically. Findings from this review should allow primary care physicians and dermatologists to reach faster diagnosis and initiate prompt intervention.
RESUMO
The coronavirus vaccine was developed to help overcome the COVID-19 crisis. This study aimed to identify the cutaneous side effects secondary to Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines in the general population of Saudi Arabia and to list the risk factors for the development of cutaneous side effects. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021, self-administered surveys were distributed electronically through social media, and telephonic interviews were conducted with a sample size of 1000 participants. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. A total of 1021 patients (229 male and 722 female) aged 12 years or older were included. While 833 participants were medically free, 188 had chronic illnesses. While 802 participants were not taking any medications, 219 were taking medications regularly. Oxford-Astra Zeneca and Pfizer BioNTech vaccines were administered to 319 and 702 participants, respectively. One-hundred and twenty-five participants previously had COVID-19 infection and 407 were exposed to a PCR positive case of COVID. Six hundred and fifty-nine patients (64.5%) reported experiencing injection site reactions: 606 (59.4%) had injection site pain, 168 (16.5%) had injection site swelling, and 107 (10.5%) had injection site redness. Only 51 patients (5%) experienced cutaneous side effects after injection. A significant association was found between chronic illnesses and cutaneous side effects post-vaccine (9% vs. 4.1%; p value = 0.005). Patients on medications showed a higher rate of symptoms (8.2% vs. 4.1%; p value = 0.005). Age, gender, vaccine types, and history of COVID-19 infection were not significantly associated with cutaneous side effects post-vaccine.
