Prevalence and Severity of Social Anxiety Symptoms and Their Relationship With Body Dysmorphic Symptoms.

Background Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a subtype of anxiety characterized by avoidance, fear, and physical symptoms such as dry mouth, sweating, palpitations, and blushing. SAD is one of the most common mental disorders. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental disorder marked by a distressing or impairing preoccupation with imagined or minor flaws in one's physical appearance. Both disorders share similar symptoms. No satisfactory data have been provided about the prevalence of social anxiety symptoms in our region. In our study, we measured the prevalence and severity of SAD symptoms among adults in Riyadh City, as well as the sociodemographic factors associated with it. Additionally, the correlation between SAD and BDD was assessed. Methods Our study is quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional. It was conducted by administering a translated Arabic version of the Severity Measure for Social Anxiety Disorder scale and BDD scales in five locations in Riyadh, which include two general hospitals and three shopping malls. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistical data are presented through mean values, standard deviations, and percentages. Results A total of 752 responses were received, of which 509 (68.32%) were from females with a mean age of 30.12 years. The majority of the sample had a low to middle family income, with 64% earning less than $2555 monthly. The sample possessed a good educational level; 63% had a bachelor's degree or higher. Our study also shows that 233 subjects (30.98%) had scores indicating a moderate to severe form of SAD. Among these participants, 86 (36.9%) had scores indicating a moderate to severe form of BDD. There was a significant positive correlation between SAD and BDD (r = 0.496). Conclusion The prevalence of SAD was 30.98%, which is higher compared to Western countries. Low income, education, and female gender have roles in the disease condition. Moreover, there was a linear relationship between SAD and BDD.

One-Year Mortality Rates Following Fragility Femoral Fractures in Patients Presenting to King Saud Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective is to investigate one-year mortality rates following femur osteoporotic fractures, and to investigate factors that are associated with higher mortality rates. DESIGN: A retrospective study was conducted from 2010 to 2021 (11 years) of all patients who presented to King Saud Medical City, Saudi Arabia, and had a fragility fracture of the proximal or distal femur. PATIENTS: One hundred eight patients who sustained a proximal or distal femoral fracture, as a result of low-energy trauma, were included. RESULTS: The majority of our cohort (77.8%) had proximal femoral fractures, whereas only 22.2% had a distal femoral fracture. 55.6% were less than 75 years old, and 44.4% were 75 years or older. All patients had fallen from standing height. Hypertension and diabetes were the most common comorbidities among our cohort at 49.1% and 47.2%, respectively, but neither showed a statistically significant increase in the risk of mortality. When assessing the overall mortality, 21.3% of our patients had passed away. Although this finding was not statistically significant, mortality rates were found to be higher in patients with proximal femoral fractures compared to distal femoral fractures (25% vs. 8.3%, respectively, p=0.095). Patients with a normal bone mass density (BMD) had higher mortality rates as opposed to those with abnormal BMD (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality rates are higher in proximal femoral fractures compared to distal femoral fractures. In addition, within our study cohort, patients with normal BMD had higher mortality rates. We recommend prospective studies that compare mortality rates between proximal and distal femoral fractures in patients with osteoporosis, as these studies would provide more accurate data. We also recommend having BMD measured in those patients to avoid further fractures in this patient population.

Terrible triad of the hip: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Pipkin-III femoral head fracture dislocation is a rare injury and its outcome is guarded. Some authors believe femoral neck fracture of Pipkin-III injury is largely iatrogenic. Recent literature showed none of these injuries had excellent outcome, and most patients end up with hip replacement. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 34-year-old man sustained a traumatic hip injury with fracture-dislocation and an iatrogenic femoral neck fracture during reduction. A modified Gibson approach was performed to reduce and fix the femoral head and neck fractures in a retrograde fashion. Follow-up at 26 months assessment showed viable femoral head, and excellent functional outcome. DISCUSSION: Iatrogenic femoral neck fracture in the setting of femoral head dislocation is not uncommon. Clinical and radiological signs of irreducible dislocation can easily be missed which might lead to devastating complications like iatrogenic femoral neck fracture. Recognition of this unique injury, timely intervention, and meticulous dissection might positively alter the patient's outcome. CONCLUSION: This case serves to enlighten orthopedists about the risk of iatrogenic femoral neck fracture, methods to avoid such complication, and the proper management.

Medical specialty visits and diagnoses received by Saudi patients prior to a diagnosis of narcolepsy.

PURPOSE: Narcolepsy is an uncommon neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and multiple other symptoms. Due to the under-recognition of narcolepsy symptoms, patients are often misdiagnosed. This study aimed to assess the types of specialties visited and the diagnoses received by Saudi patients prior to their narcolepsy diagnosis. METHODS: The study included 55 consecutive patients with type-1 and type-2 narcolepsy who attended the narcolepsy clinic between August 2017 and December 2017. Narcolepsy was diagnosed according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-third edition criteria. We evaluated sociodemographic data, the specialties visited, and diagnoses and treatments received prior to visiting a sleep specialist. RESULTS: The mean diagnostic delay was 9.1 ± 8.4 years (1-43 years). Multiple linear regression analysis identified early onset as the only predictor of a delayed diagnosis (ß coefficient = - 0.262, p = 0.03). EDS was the main symptom that prompted patients to seek medical consultation, and only one patient had been (1.8%) referred with the diagnosis of narcolepsy. In the study group, 82% of the patients were misdiagnosed with a mental or neurological disorder or were thought to be afflicted by "envy," "evil eye," or "black magic" before receiving a correct diagnosis. No significant differences were detected between patients with narcolepsy type-1 and narcolepsy type-2. CONCLUSIONS: Delays in diagnosing narcolepsy remain a major problem for Saudi patients with this disorder. We found that Saudi patients with narcolepsy had visited several medical specialists and faith healers and were misdiagnosed prior to visiting a sleep specialist.