RESUMO
There is a broad spectrum of congenital anomalies of the central pulmonary arteries including abnormalities of development, origin, course and caliber. These anomalies incorporate simple lesions such as isolated pulmonary valve stenosis to very complex anomalies with many associated abnormalities. Part 1 and Part 2 of this review describe the range of anatomical variations that are encountered as well as important aspects of anatomy, physiology and surgical correction. The authors summarize and illustrate well-recognized as well as more complex anomalies to provide a broad and comprehensive understanding of these lesions and their appearances on CT and MR imaging. Part 1 covers anomalous development or origin of the main pulmonary artery.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Artéria Pulmonar/anormalidades , Anormalidades do Sistema Respiratório/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Malformações Vasculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Anormalidades Múltiplas , Variação Anatômica , Humanos , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
There is a broad spectrum of congenital anomalies of the central pulmonary arteries including abnormalities of development, origin, course and caliber. These anomalies incorporate simple lesions such as isolated pulmonary valve stenosis to very complex anomalies with many associated abnormalities. Part 1 and Part 2 of this review describe the range of anatomical variations that are encountered as well as important aspects of anatomy, physiology and surgical correction. The authors summarize and illustrate both well-recognized and more complex anomalies to provide a broad and comprehensive understanding of these lesions and their appearances on CT and MR imaging. In Part 2 the authors review abnormalities in development, origin and course of the central branch pulmonary arteries as well as abnormal pulmonary artery caliber.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Artéria Pulmonar/anormalidades , Anormalidades do Sistema Respiratório/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Malformações Vasculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Anormalidades Múltiplas , Variação Anatômica , Humanos , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
In this pictorial essay the authors review the normal sonographic gray-scale and Doppler appearance of the pediatric scrotum with an emphasis on technique. The authors present an update on ultrasound diagnosis and outcomes in testicular torsion and differentiation from other acute scrotal processes, as well as sonographic imaging of testicular microlithiasis and uncommon or atypical scrotal masses including splenogonadal fusion, polyorchidism, meconium peritonitis and epidermoid cyst. Further, the authors discuss testicular neoplasms in the context of testicular microlithiasis.
