Prediction models of methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ventilator associated pneumonia relapse in trauma and brain injury patients: A retrospective analysis.

PURPOSE: To describe the incidence and risk factors of methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ventilator associated pneumonia (MSSA-VAP) relapse in trauma and non-traumatic brain injury patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective observational monocentric cohort study of consecutive ICU patients who developed a first episode of MSSA-VAP after trauma and non-traumatic brain injury. MSSA-VAP relapse encompass MSSA-VAP treatment failure (persistence or recurrence of MSSA) or other pathogen - VAP. RESULTS: A total of 165 patients (71% of trauma and 29% of non-traumatic brain injury) with MSSA-VAP were included. MSSA-VAP relapse occurred in 54 (33%) patients, including 28 (17%) MSSA-VAP treatment failure and 46 (28%) other pathogen-VAP. Empirical first-line antibiotic therapy was appropriate in 96% of cases. In multivariate analysis, the presence of Streptococcus species (Odds ratio [OR] 7.37) and oropharyngeal flora (OR 3.64) as initial MSSA co-pathogen, suggested aspiration at the time of admission and independently predicted MSSA-VAP treatment failure. Initial Glasgow coma scale (OR 0.89), need for emergent surgery (OR 5.71) and the presence of an acute respiratory distress syndrome at the time of the first MSSA-VAP (3.99), independently predicted the onset of other pathogen - VAP. CONCLUSION: Early and simple factors may help to identify patients with high-risk of MSSA-VAP relapse.

Comparison of several methods for pain management after video-assisted thoracic surgery for pneumothorax: an observational study.

BACKGROUND: There is no defined gold standard for pain management after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for pneumothorax. In addition to systemic analgesia, various loco-regional analgesic techniques have been proposed but remain poorly evaluated in this context. We aimed to assess the analgesic efficacy of several of these techniques for the management of postoperative pain. METHODS: We conducted a monocentric prospective observational cohort study from February 2017 to April 2018 in patients suffering from spontaneous pneumothorax and scheduled for VATS (n = 59). Patients received systemic analgesia (i) alone (n = 15); (ii) combined with a continuous paravertebral block (n = 9); (iii) combined with a continuous serratus plane block (n = 19); or (iv) single-shot serratus plane block (n = 16) as decided by the attending physician. Pain scores and analgesic-related side effects were prospectively collected by an independent observer during the first postoperative 72 h. The primary endpoint criterion was the cumulative oral morphine consumption at the end of the third postoperative day. Statistical analysis used univariate and multivariate step-by-step forward logistic regression models to determine risk factors associated with the main criteria. RESULTS: Mean pain scores and morphine consumption were not significantly different between the 4 groups. In the multivariate analysis, the use of a continuous serratus plane block through a catheter was the only technique associated with a reduced incidence of high-dose oral morphine consumption (OR 0.09-95%CI [0.01-0.79], p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that serratus plane block combined with continuous infusion through a catheter may have some benefits, although further studies are needed to confirm these results and determine the true place of the serratus plane block in pain management after VATS for pneumothorax.

Postoperative serum levels of Endocan are associated with the duration of norepinephrine support after coronary artery bypass surgery.

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with a systemic inflammatory response and an endothelial dysfunction, whose qualitative assessment appears to be a major issue. Endocan (ESM-1, endothelial cell specific molecule-1) is a protein preferentially expressed by the endothelium and previously associated with prognosis of septic shock or acute respiratory distress syndrome. In this pilot study, we investigated the kinetic of Endocan in planned coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery with CPB. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted an observational, prospective, mono centre study. All adult patients with left systolic ejection fraction>50%, undergoing planned on-pump CABG, were screened for inclusion. A written informed consent was obtained. Measurements and main results Serum Endocan concentrations were respectively 2.4 [2.1-3.0] ng. mL-1, 10.4 [7.4-13.9] ng.mL-1, 5.7 [4.4-8.2] ng.mL-1, and 5.4 [4.1-7.5] ng.mL-1 at day 0, day 1, day 3 and day 5. Endocan concentrations increased at day 1, day 3, and day 5 in comparison with preoperative concentration (P<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, age (P=0.002), history of acute coronary syndrome (P=0.024) and the catecholamine-free days at day 28 (P=0.007) were associated to the increase of perioperative Endocan concentrations. CONCLUSION: Serum Endocan concentration increases after CABG surgery with CPB until day 1. The norepinephrine support increases the risk of Endocan release, suggesting a relationship between the kinetic of Endocan and the vasoplegic syndrome. At day 3, Endocan concentration decreases slowly but is not normalised at day 5. Further studies should investigate the prognostic value of the magnitude of postoperative Endocan concentration after cardiac surgery.