RESUMO
Previous studies have observed worse sleep quality in patients undergoing conventional dialysis as compared to daily dialysis. Our aim was to compare the sleep parameters of patients undergoing daily or conventional dialysis using an objective measure (actigraphy). This cross-sectional study was performed in three dialysis centers, including a convenience sample (nonprobability sampling) of 73 patients (36 patients on daily hemodialysis and 37 patients on conventional hemodialysis). The following parameters were evaluated: nocturnal total sleep time (NTST), expressed in minutes; wake time after sleep onset (WASO), expressed in minutes; number of nighttime awakenings; daytime total sleep time (DTST), expressed in minutes; number of daytime naps; and nighttime percentage of sleep (% sleep). The Mini-Mental State Examination and the Beck Depression Inventory were also administered. The mean age was 53.4 ± 17.0 years. After adjustment of confounding factors using multiple linear regression analysis, no difference in actigraphy parameters was detected between the groups: NTST (p = 0.468), WASO (p = 0.88), % sleep (p = 0.754), awakenings (p = 0.648), naps (p = 0.414), and DTST (p = 0.805). Different from previous studies employing qualitative analysis, the present assessment did not observe an influence of hemodialysis modality on objective sleep parameters in chronic renal patients.
RESUMO
Introdução: Distúrbios do sono são frequentemente observados na população idosa. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio de análises qualitativas e paramétricas, o sono de pessoas idosas submetidas à hemodiálise. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em três centros de hemodiálise, com amostra de conveniência composta por 28 pacientes que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Foi analisada a qualidade do sono por meio do índice de Pitsburgh e medidas actimétricas por sete dias com as seguintes variáveis: tempo total de sono noturno (TTSN), tempo acordado após iniciar o sono (TAIS), número de despertares noturnos (despertares), tempo total de sono diurno (TTSD), número de cochilos e percentual de sono noturno (% sono). RESULTADOS: 17 pacientes (58,6%) apresentavam PSQI > 5, caracterizando um sono de má qualidade nos últimos 30 dias. As análises actimétricas demonstraram parâmetros ruins na média: TTSN de 341,2 ± 90,8 minutos por noite; TAIS de 91,1 ± 46,44 minutos por noite; %sono de 79,6 ± 9,8 por noite; 28,5 ± 11,4 despertares por noite; 48,5 ± 14,6 cochilos por dia e TTSD de 222,4 ± 73,9 minutos por dia. Conclusão: Este estudo observou, por meio de análise qualitativa subjetiva (PSQI) e por parâmetros actimétricos (actimetria), que idosos submetidos à hemodiálise apresentam má qualidade do sono.
Introduction: Sleep disturbances are frequently observed in the elderly population. The objective of this study was to evaluate, by means of qualitative and parametric analyses, the sleep pattern of elderly people undergoing dialysis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at three hemodialysis centers, with a convenience sample composed of 28 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Their sleep quality was analyzed by means of the Pittsburgh index and actimetric measurements for seven days with the following variables: total nocturnal sleep time (TNST), time awake after the onset of sleep (TAOS), number of nocturnal awakenings (awakenings), total daytime sleep time (TDST), number of naps, and percentage of nocturnal sleep (% sleep). RESULTS: Seventeen patients (58.6%) presented PSQI > 5, characterizing poor quality sleep in the last 30 days. The actimetric analyses demonstrated poor parameters on average: TNST of 341. 2 ± 90.8 minutes per night; TAOS of 91.1 ± 46.44 minutes per night, % sleep of 79.6 ± 9.8 per night; 28.5 ± 11.4 times woken up per night; 48.5 ± 14.6 naps per day, and TDST of 222.4 ± 73.9 minutes per day. Conclusion: This study observed, by means of a subjective qualitative analysis (PSQI) and actimetric parameters (actimetry), that elderly people undergoing hemodialysis demonstrate having poor sleep quality.
