[Time course changes in cytokines content and gas composition in blood of patients with salmonellosis and acute shigellosis].

AIM: To study changes in serum concentrations of interleukines (IL) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) in the course of acute moderate and severe shigellosis and salmonellosis; to elicit their correlation with disorders of gas and electrolyte blood composition and acid-base balance (ABB). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 39 patients with salmonellosis and 32 patients with acute shigellosis admitted to infectious hospital N 2 entered the study. The following parameters were assessed: serum concentrations of IL-1, IL-IO and TNFa; ABB, gas and electrolyte blood composition; leucocytic intoxication index (LII). The tests were made on the disease day 2-3 and 6-7 (in severe salmonellosis on day 10-11). RESULTS: In moderate salmonellesis and acute shigellosis the level of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and TNFa) diminished while in severe acute intestinal infection their concentration was high reflecting imbalance of immune response. Content of IL-10 depends on etiology and severity of the course of infectious process - the highest IL-10 concentrations were found in patients with severe salmonellosis on the disease day 10-11. A direct correlation was confirmed between IL-1, TNFa and LII in the disease onset in all patients with acute intestinal infections. CONCLUSION: An important role of IL-1, IL-10 and TNFa in pathogenesis of bacterial intestinal infections is confirmed. A correlation exists between blood gas composition and concentration of cytokines.

[The parietal mucin microbial population in different sections of the human gastrointestinal tract]. / Mikrobnye soobshchestvo pristenochnogo mutsina razlichnykh otdelov zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta cheloveka.

Microbiological examinations of the human-colon parietal mucin were made in different sections of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Biopsy samples of the human colon mucus tunic were used as the research material. Convincing data were found by research on the importance of the anatomic-and-morphological factor in shaping-up of microbiocenosis of the colon-wall parietal mucin. It was established that, depending on a GIT section, not only the quantitative and qualitative composition of normal microflora but also the nature of inter-microbe interactions are subject to changes. In particular, biopsy materials of the small-intestine parietal mucin are much different from that of the colon. The colon section from the ascending colon to the sigmoid colon has, with some exceptions, an identical microbial composition. At the same time, the rectum is significantly different from other colon sections. The results are suggestive of the below cluster-type pattern of parietal biological material: microorganisms are clustered as small domains with certain specific and quantitative compositions. It was established that, although feces and parietal mucin have a similar species composition of microorganisms, still, there is a number of essential differences between them in as far as the frequency ratio and the microorganism concentration are concerned, which signifies a certain degree of isolation of the above biopsy materials. Finally, a certain isolation degree of the feces biopsy materials and of the parietal ones was established.

[A study of the human parietal gastrointestinal tract microflora in health and disease]. / Issledovanie pristenochnoi mikroflory zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta u cheloveka v norme i pri patologii.

An original technique was used to investigate the human colon mucin in different pathologies of gastrointestinal tract. The microbial pattern of the biotope in question was found to be dependable on a morphological-and-functional condition of the intestinal wall. It is noteworthy, that not only its quantitative and qualitative composition but also the nature of the inter-microbe relations and the "specific content" of microbes are subject to changes. A correlation was established between the studied characteristics of the human parietal gastrointestinal biotope and the biochemical blood parameters. The results revealed a new chain in the pathogenesis of disbiotic processes occurring in the colon mucous tunic. The diagnostic value of microbiological parameters of the human colon mucous tunic is under discussion.

[Parital microflora of human intestine]. / Issledovanie pristenochnoi mikroflory kishechnika cheloveka.

The modified method of the microbiological study of parietal mucin has been developed. The proposed method makes it possible to evaluate the parietal microflora of the intestine. The advantages of using physiological saline and Hanks' solution as medium ensuring the storage and self-thinning of mucin have been proved. The optimum time of making the microbiological study of intestinal mucin has also been determined.

[Autoimmune manifestations in acute viral hepatitides]. / Autoimmunnye proiavleniia pri ostrykh virusnykh gepatitakh.

AIM: To study autoimmune reactions in patients with acute viral hepatitis A, B, and C in the dynamics of an infectious process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 134 patients with acute viral hepatitides of various etiology were examined. Among them there were 36 patients with acute viral hepatitis A, 40 with B, and 58 with viral hepatitis C. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), antismooth muscle antibodies (SMA), and antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) were determined by immunofluoresence assay using the test systems ATS COMVI-1, IMMCO diagnostics (USA). Serum rheumatoid factor was detected by the semiquantitative latex-agglutination test on a slide manufactured by the "Human" firm (Germany). Cryoglobulins were identified by the qualitative visual method. RESULTS: SMA, ANA were detected in the diagnostically significant titers (1:40-1:160) in patients with acute viral hepatitis A, B, and C. A distinction of autoimmune manifestations was ascertained in viral hepatitis C. It has been demonstrated that in 71% of the patients cryoglobulins appear in the acute period of the disease and, in their presence, rheumatoid factor was found in 17.2% and 6.9% exhibited anti-LKM-1 and AMA. CONCLUSION: The presented data on the nature and time course of changes in autoimmune reactions in patients with acute viral hepatitis A, B, and C during an infectious process suggest that autoimmune disorders are characteristic of viral hepatic lesions just at the early stages of the disease irrespective of its etiology and play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of these nosological entities.

[The clinical laboratory indices in ancylostomiasis among the population of Kindia Prefecture (Republic of Guinea)]. / Kliniko-laboratornye pokazateli pri ankilostomidozakh u naseleniia prefektury Kindia (Gvineiskaia Respublika).

Clinical and laboratory data have been compared in patients with ankylostomiasis and healthy population of Guinea Republic. An increase in ankylostomiasis morbidity during the humid season has been observed. The clinical pattern of the disease did not differ from that earlier described in literature. Anemia and eosinophilia were the most persistent signs of the disease. The patients with ankylostomiasis revealed an elevated IgM level and a trend towards an increase in 0-lymphocyte population, which is indicative of certain shifts in cellular and humoral immunity.

[The clinico-immunological characteristics of intestinal schistosomiasis in the Republic of Guinea]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskaia kharakteristika kishechnogo shistosomoza v Gvineiskoi Respublike.

The results of clinic and immunological examination of patients with intestinal schistosomiasis at the stage of developed infection in the natives of Guinea are presented. Polymorphism of clinical manifestations was accompanied by diagnostically significant changes in hematological (eosinophilia, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rates) and immunological (higher absolute count of B lymphocytes, IgM levels, amount of T suppressors, lower Tx/Tc ratio) parameters, which, together with the results of parasitological studies, are to be taken into account during the choice of treatment and control over its efficacy.