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1.
Vacunas ; 2023 Mar 06.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37362840

RESUMO

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affected the school-aged population because of the disease itself and due to the measures applied for prevention and control of the infection. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of population-based vaccination against COVID-19 on the incidence of infection in school settings. Material and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of COVID-19 cases and school outbreaks was carried out at the province level. Students, teachers and staff from different educational stages of the schools were included. The outcome measure was the incidence according to educational stage, case profile and clinic during the first of the academic year 2020/2021 versus the same period 2021/2022. Results: The total incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in classrooms was 2,470 cases per 100,000 population in the first trimester of the academic year 2020/2021 and 2,720 cases per 100,000 population in the same period 2021/2022. The number of reported school outbreaks was 7 times higher in this second period; and the risk of infection in classrooms over 12 years of age (students and teachers) was reduced by 43.1% (vaccinated in high percentage). Conclusions: This study shows a reduction in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in students of higher educational stages (secondary and high school) during the first of the academic year 2021/2022 (group with high vaccination coverage at the beginning of the period) compared to the previous school year (without vaccination).

2.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 89(1): 99-105, 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25946590

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The consumption of butterfish is spreading in our country; if appropriate standards of conservation and preparation of this type of food are not met may cause poisoning. The objective is to describe an outbreak of histamine poisoning and double cerous esters after consumption butterfish. METHODS: A descriptive study of the double intoxication at a banquet held in July 2013 in Valladolid. It was studied by filling a specific survey, by phone or by the medical centers who treated the guests. The database and subsequent descriptive statistical analyzes were performed with Microsoft Excel Professional Plus 2010 program. RESULTS: Of the 27 cases reported in 24 we obtained information on symptoms. The attack rate was 22.5 %, with a clinical picture in which predominant diarrhea (75%), headache (46%), abdominal pain (38%) and sweating (38%), highlighting its specificity itching/burning of mouth (29%). Four patients had orange and oily stools (keriorrhea). The average time from the start of dinner to onset of symptoms was 119 minutes. The mean duration of symptoms was 14 hours. Analytical served fish showed histamine levels above 2,000 mg / kg. CONCLUSIONS: A double poisoning (histamine and cerous esters) was produced by consumption of butterfish. The picture was mild and self-limiting. You need to know this type of poison to properly handle avoiding unnecessary tests, and to notify the health authority for investigation and subsequent adoption of appropriate measures.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Peixes , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/epidemiologia , Histamina/intoxicação , Alimentos Marinhos/intoxicação , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Diarreia/etiologia , Feminino , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espanha/epidemiologia
3.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 89(1): 99-105, ene.-feb. 2015. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-133811

RESUMO

Fundamentos: El consumo de pez mantequilla se está extendiendo en nuestro país. Si no se cumplen unas adecuadas normas de conservación y preparación de este tipo de alimento puede producir intoxicaciones. El objetivo del trabajo fue describir un brote de doble intoxicación por histamina y ésteres cerosos tras el consumo de pez mantequilla. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de la doble intoxicación producida en un banquete celebrado en julio de 2013 en Valladolid. Se estudió mediante la cumplimentación de una encuesta específica telefónica o desde los centros asistenciales que atendieron a los comensales. La base de datos y posterior análisis estadístico descriptivo se realizaron con el programa Microsoft Excel Professional Plus 2010. Resultados. De los 27 casos declarados, en 24 se obtuvo información sobre los síntomas. La tasa de ataque fue 22,5%, con un cuadro clínico en el que predominó la diarrea (75%), la cefalea (46%), el dolor abdominal (38%) y la sudoración (38%), destacando por su especificidad el picor/ardor de boca (29%). Cuatro pacientes presentaron heces anaranjadas y oleosas (keriorrhea). El tiempo medio transcurrido, desde el inicio de la cena hasta la aparición de los síntomas, fue de dos horas. La duración media de la sintomatología fue de 14 horas. La analítica del pescado servido mostró niveles de histamina superiores a 2.000 mg/kg. Conclusiones. Se produjo una doble intoxicación (histamina y ésteres cerosos) por consumo de pez mantequilla. El cuadro fue leve y autolimitado (AU)


Background. The consumption of butterfish is spreading in our country; if appropriate standards of conservation and preparation of this type of food are not met may cause poisoning. The objective is to describe an outbreak of histamine poisoning and double cerous esters after consumption butterfish. Methods. A descriptive study of the double intoxication at a banquet held in July 2013 in Valladolid. It was studied by filling a specific survey, by phone or by the medical centers who treated the guests. The database and subsequent descriptive statistical analyzes were performed with Microsoft Excel Professional Plus 2010 program. Results. Of the 27 cases reported in 24 we obtained information on symptoms. The attack rate was 22.5 %, with a clinical picture in which predominant diarrhea (75%), headache (46%), abdominal pain (38%) and sweating (38%), highlighting its specificity itching/burning of mouth (29%). Four patients had orange and oily stools (keriorrhea). The average time from the start of dinner to onset of symptoms was 119 minutes. The mean duration of symptoms was 14 hours. Analytical served fish showed histamine levels above 2,000 mg / kg. Conclusions. A double poisoning (histamine and cerous esters) was produced by consumption of butterfish. The picture was mild and self-limiting. You need to know this type of poison to properly handle avoiding unnecessary tests, and to notify the health authority for investigation and subsequent adoption of appropriate measures (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Peixes/transmissão , Histamina/efeitos adversos , Ésteres/efeitos adversos , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Produtos Pesqueiros/efeitos adversos , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos
4.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 74(5/6): 527-536, sept. 2000.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-9705

RESUMO

Fundamento: En la primavera de 1998 hubo un brote de gastroenteritis aguda en Guadarrama (Comunidad de Madrid, España) que afectó sobre todo a niños en edad preescolar. Métodos: Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y analítico (casos y controles) del brote. Se tomaron muestras para estudio microbiológico de las heces de los afectados. Se inspeccionó el sistema de captación de agua de consumo de propiedad municipal y se tomaron muestras para análisis microbiológico. Resultados: Veintiún niños/as de 0 a 5 años presentaron diarrea líquida de más de 5 días de duración. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el consumo de agua del grifo y la gastroenteritis [OR=5,73 (1,18-43,30); p<0,05]. No se halló asociación con otras variables investigadas. Se detectaron ooquistes de Cryptosporidium parvum en heces de ocho de las personas afectadas. Se observaron deficiencias en el sistema de captación y depuración de agua de consumo público de propiedad municipal pero no se encontraron ooquistes en los análisis del agua. Conclusiones: Los resultados de la investigación epidemiológica sustentan que el origen del brote de gastroenteritis por Cryptosporidium parvum fue el agua del grifo. Aunque no se detectó este parásito en los análisis de agua, esto es explicable por las dificultades que entraña esta técnica. En la revisión bibliográfica, no se han hallado descripciones de brotes epidémicos similares en nuestro país, pero según algunos informes, no son infrecuentes en países de nuestro entorno. Por tanto, Cryptosporidium parvum debería ser tenido en cuenta en el diagnóstico y manejo de estas situaciones (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Masculino , Lactente , Surtos de Doenças , Criptosporidiose , Espanha , População Urbana , Estudos de Casos e Controles
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