Sleep Patterns and Associated Insomnia in Junior and Senior Medical Students: A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Appropriate quality and quantity of sleep are critical for good mental health, optimal body functioning, memory consolidation, and other cognitive processes. Objectives To evaluate the sleeping patterns of medical students in Saudi Arabia and their relationships with psychological distress. Methods This was a cross-sectional, self-administered, questionnaire-based study. The study included medical students from a university in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) were used to evaluate the prevalence and burden of inadequate sleep quality and insomnia in the participants. Results The majority of the participants was women (76.6%). Furthermore, most participants (96.2%) were aged between 18 and 24 years old, while 54.4% of the participants were in their senior year. According to the AIS scores (mean: 15.85 ± 4.52), 98.7% of the participants exhibited insomnia symptoms. The PSQI scores (mean: 9.53 ± 5.67) revealed that 70.5% of the participants had poor sleep quality. Students in their fundamental and junior years had significantly higher percentages of insomnia symptoms and poor sleep quality compared with students in their senior years. Conclusion The prevalence of insomnia and poor sleep quality is high among medical students. Therefore, appropriate strategies for early detection and intervention are warranted.

Sleep Patterns and Associated Insomnia in Junior and Senior Medical Students: A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Introduction Appropriate quality and quantity of sleep are critical for good mental health, optimal body functioning, memory consolidation, and other cognitive processes. Objectives To evaluate the sleeping patterns of medical students in Saudi Arabia and their relationships with psychological distress. Methods This was a cross-sectional, self-administered, questionnaire-based study. The study included medical students from a university in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) were used to evaluate the prevalence and burden of inadequate sleep quality and insomnia in the participants. Results The majority of the participants was women (76.6%). Furthermore, most participants (96.2%) were aged between 18 and 24 years old, while 54.4% of the participants were in their senior year. According to the AIS scores (mean: 15.85 ± 4.52), 98.7% of the participants exhibited insomnia symptoms. The PSQI scores (mean: 9.53 ± 5.67) revealed that 70.5% of the participants had poor sleep quality. Students in their fundamental and junior years had significantly higher percentages of insomnia symptoms and poor sleep quality compared with students in their senior years. Conclusion The prevalence of insomnia and poor sleep quality is high among medical students. Therefore, appropriate strategies for early detection and intervention are warranted.

Common Causes of Failed Septoplasty: A Systematic Review.

Failed septal correction is an undesirable outcome of primary septoplasty. In this systematic review, we aimed to assess all current studies concerning septoplasty failure, with a view to identifying its common causes. A systematic literature search was conducted by screening the PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for studies that assessed septoplasty failure and were published between January 2008 and January 2021. Three authors independently extracted information from each study and examined all included articles for bias. Four articles provided pertinent data regarding septoplasty failure. We gathered that missed nasal valve abnormality diagnosis, insufficient separation and resection of the bony-cartilaginous junction, and insufficient correction of caudal septal deviation could cause septoplasty failure. Additionally, iatrogenic problems, nasal asymmetry, and side-wall concavity involving the nasofrontal and columellar labial angles are contributing factors. Determining the cause of nasal blockage is challenging because it is subjective. Based on our findings, we concluded that in all patients with septal deviation, utmost care should be taken to avoid overlooking nasal valve abnormalities and other nasal diseases before conducting septoplasty. Moreover, inadequate correction of caudal septal deviation should be avoided. Furthermore, there is currently no widely accepted classification system for septal abnormalities to measure and describe septal deviation characteristics, making surgical planning and documentation difficult. Hence, further research that would lead to the creation of such a classification system is warranted.

The Association Between Abnormal Vital Signs and Mortality in the Emergency Department.

Background The emergency department (ED) receives patients from all over the world every day. Hence, using various triage scales to detect sick patients and the need for early admission are essential. Triage is a process used in the ED to prioritize patients requiring the most urgent care over those with minor injuries based on medical urgency and medical needs. These decisions may be based on patients' chief complaints at the time of their ED visit and their vital signs. Vital signs, including blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), and body temperature, are necessary tools that are traditionally used in the ED during procedures such as triage and recognizing high-risk hospital inpatients. This study aimed to determine the relationship between abnormal vital signs and mortality in the ED. Method and Material This retrospective record review study was performed at the ED of King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH). Altogether, 641 patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Data including patients' demographics, vital signs, in-hospital mortality, triage level, and precipitating factors were collected. Results The mean age of the patients was 45.66 ± 18.43 years (69.3% females), and the majority of them had Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) level 3 (71.1%). The total number of in-hospital mortalities was 32 (5%). Lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high respiratory rates, and low oxygen saturation (O2SAT) were significantly associated with high mortality rates. Conclusion Abnormal vital signs play a major role in determining patient prognosis and outcomes. Triage score systems should be adjusted and carefully studied in each center according to its population.