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1.
Can J Hosp Pharm ; 76(3): 221-227, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37409145

RESUMO

Background: Oral antineoplastic drugs (OADs) play an increasing role in the treatment of cancer. Patients must have a high degree of understanding and autonomy to manage the numerous adverse effects at home. In Quebec, recommendations have been made for oncology pharmacists to systematically counsel all patients who are starting an OAD. Objective: To measure the impact of education provided by oncology pharmacists on patient activation. Methods: In this prospective, single-centre, observational cohort study, patients starting an OAD received education from oncology pharmacists, who used the 2020 updated version of information sheets from the Groupe d'étude en oncologie du Québec (GEOQ, www.geoq.info). The Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13) questionnaire was used to measure patients' activation before and after the intervention. Results: Of the 43 patients recruited in the intention-to-treat analysis, 41 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. The mean difference between PAM-13 scores before and after the intervention was 2.30 (standard deviation [SD] 11.85) (p = 0.22) in the intention-to-treat analysis and 3.63 (SD 10.33) (p = 0.032) in the modified intention-to-treat analysis; these differences were less than the 5 points required for a result to be considered clinically meaningful. None of the effect-modifying variables for which data were collected had a significant impact on the degree of activation; however, a weak negative correlation was observed between the level of health literacy and the change in PAM-13 score. Conclusions: The study did not show a clinically meaningful change in patient activation following pharmacist-provided education, according to the updated GEOQ information sheets. Further studies are needed to evaluate these data in a larger population and to determine whether the impact of education persists beyond the first treatment cycle.


Contexte: Les médicaments antinéoplasiques par voie orale (MAVO) occupent une place grandissante dans le traitement du cancer. Les patients doivent avoir un degré élevé de compréhension et d'autonomie pour gérer les nombreux effets indésirables à domicile. Au Québec, des recommandations ont été émises pour que les pharmaciens en oncologie conseillent systématiquement tous les patients qui débutent des MAVO. Objectif: Mesurer l'impact des enseignements effectués par les pharmaciens en oncologie sur l'activation du patient. Méthodes: Dans cette étude de cohorte prospective, monocentrique et observationnelle, les patients qui commençaient à prendre des MAVO ont reçu un enseignement effectué par un pharmacien en oncologie. Ceux-ci utilisaient les feuillets d'information pour les patients du Groupe d'étude en oncologie du Québec (GEOQ, www.geoq.info) mis à jour en 2020. Le questionnaire de Mesure d'activation du patient (MAP-13) a été utilisé pour mesurer l'activation des participants avant et après l'intervention. Résultats: Sur les 43 participants recrutés dans l'analyse en intention de traiter, 41 ont été inclus dans l'analyse en intention de traiter modifiée (mITT). La différence moyenne entre les scores MAP-13 avant et après était de 2,30 (écart type [SD] 11,85) (p = 0,22) dans l'analyse en intention de traiter et de 3,63 (SD 10,33) (p = 0,032) dans l'analyse mITT; ces différences étaient inférieures aux 5 points requis pour qu'un résultat soit considéré comme cliniquement significatif. Aucune des variables modificatrices d'effet pour lesquelles des données ont été recueillies n'a eu d'effet significatif sur le degré d'activation; cependant, une faible corrélation négative a été observée entre le niveau de littératie en santé et la variation du score MAP-13. Conclusions: L'étude n'a pas démontré de changement cliniquement significatif dans l'activation des patients à la suite de l'enseignement effectué par le pharmacien en oncologie sur la base des feuillets d'information actualisés du GEOQ. D'autres études sont nécessaires pour évaluer ces données chez une plus grande population et pour déterminer si l'impact de l'enseignement perdure au-delà du premier cycle de traitement.

2.
Can J Hosp Pharm ; 70(2): 99-106, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28487576

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity occurs in about one-third of patients who receive this chemotherapy drug. In late 2012, the study institution began measuring serum creatinine on day 7 after administration of cisplatin to identify patients with acute renal failure. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the extent of nephrotoxicity associated with cisplatin and the influence of risk factors for nephrotoxicity. METHODS: This retrospective study involved patients who received a first cycle of cisplatin-based chemotherapy between November 1, 2012, and November 1, 2013. Patients' medical records were reviewed to determine the increase in creatinine level (graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) and the influence of certain prespecified risk factors, such as age, concomitant medications, initial dose of cisplatin, and related medical conditions. RESULTS: Among the 80 patients evaluated, 14 (17%) experienced no increase in the level of serum creatinine (grade 0), 44 (55%) experienced a grade 1 increase, 19 (24%) a grade 2 increase, and 3 (4%) a grade 3 increase; no patients experienced a grade 4 increase. Patients with the greatest risk of a grade 2 or 3 increase were those treated with hydrochlorothiazide (odds ratio [OR] 9.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.49 to 35.14) or an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker (OR 5.02, 95% CI 1.76 to 14.32). After adjustment, only hydrochlorothiazide was associated with an increased risk of nephrotoxicity (OR 5.39, 95% CI 1.04 to 28.07). Among patients taking hydrochlorothiazide, the average incremental increase in serum creatinine was 59.9 µmol/L (95% CI 34.3 to 85.4 µmol/L). CONCLUSIONS: Taking hydrochlorothiazide was associated with a significant increase in serum creatinine following cisplatin therapy. On the basis of these results, patients should stop taking hydrochlorothiazide before undergoing cisplatin-based chemotherapy.


CONTEXTE: La néphrotoxicité associée au cisplatine se produit chez environ le tiers des patients qui reçoivent ce médicament de chimiothérapie. À la fin de 2012, l'établissement de santé des auteurs a commencé à mesurer la créatinine sérique au jour 7 après l'administration de cisplatine afin de repérer les patients atteints d'insuffisance rénale aiguë. OBJECTIF: Évaluer le degré de la néphrotoxicité associée au cisplatine et déterminer si des facteurs de risque favorisent cette néphrotoxicité. MÉTHODES: Cette étude rétrospective a été menée auprès de patients ayant subi un premier cycle de chimiothérapie à base de cisplatine entre le premier novembre 2012 et le premier novembre 2013. Les dossiers médicaux des patients ont été examinés afin de détecter les cas d'augmentation de créatinine sérique (qui ont été classés selon les critères pour une terminologie commune des événements indésirables du National Cancer Institute) et l'influence de facteurs de risque préétablis (âge, médicaments concomitants, dose initiale de cisplatine et pathologies associées). RÉSULTATS: Parmi les 80 patients analysés, 14 (17 %) n'affichaient aucune augmentation du taux de créatinine sérique (degré 0), 44 (55 %) présentaient une augmentation de degré 1, 19 (24 %) affichaient une augmentation de degré 2 et 3 (4 %) présentaient une augmentation de degré 3; aucun ne présentait une augmentation de degré 4. Les patients qui couraient le plus grand risque de connaître une augmentation de degré 2 ou 3 étaient ceux traités avec l'hydrochlorothiazide (risque relatif approché [RRA] de 9,35, intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 % de 2,49 à 35,14) ou d'un inhibiteur de l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine ou d'un bloqueur des récepteurs de l'angiotensine II (RRA de 5,02, IC à 95 % de 1,76 à 14,32). Après ajustement, seul l'hydrochlorothiazide était associé à une augmentation du risque de néphrotoxicité (RRA de 5,39, IC à 95 % de 1,04 à 28,07). Parmi les patients qui prenaient de l'hydrochlorothiazide, l'augmentation différentielle moyenne de créatinine sérique était de 59,9 µmol/L (IC à 95 % de 34,3 à 85,4 µmol/L). CONCLUSIONS: La prise concomitante d'hydrochlorothiazide a été associée à une augmentation significative de la créatinine sérique après un traitement de cisplatine. Considérant ces résultats, les patients devraient cesser de prendre de l'hydrochlorothiazide avant de recevoir une chimiothérapie à base de cisplatine.

3.
Gynecol Oncol ; 131(1): 231-40, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23872191

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Despite the very good prognosis of endometrial cancer, a number of patients with localized disease relapse following surgery. Therefore, various adjuvant therapeutic approaches have been studied. The objective of this review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies in patients with resectable endometrial cancer and to develop evidence-based recommendations. METHODS: A review of the scientific literature published between January 1990 and June 2012 was performed. The search was limited to published phase III clinical trials and meta-analyses evaluating the efficacy of neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapies in patients with endometrial carcinoma or carcinosarcoma. A total of 23 studies and five meta-analyses were identified. RESULTS: The selected literature showed that in patients with a low risk of recurrence, post-surgical observation is safe and recommended in most cases. There are several therapeutic modalities available for treatment of endometrial cancers with higher risk of recurrence, including vaginal brachytherapy, external beam radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the evidence available to date, the CEPO recommends the following: (1)post-surgical observation for most patients with a low recurrence risk; (2)adjuvant vaginal brachytherapy for patients with an intermediate recurrence risk; (3)adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy with or without vaginal brachytherapy for patients with a high recurrence risk; addition of adjuvant chemotherapy may be considered as an option for selected patients (excellent functional status, no significant co-morbidities, poor prognostic factors); (4)adjuvant chemotherapy and pelvic radiotherapy with or without brachytherapy and para-aortic irradiation for patients with advanced disease;


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Carcinossarcoma/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Neoplasias do Endométrio/terapia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/prevenção & controle , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Braquiterapia , Carcinossarcoma/cirurgia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Neoplasias do Endométrio/patologia , Neoplasias do Endométrio/cirurgia , Feminino , Hormônios/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Radioterapia Adjuvante
4.
Thromb Res ; 116(1): 41-50, 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15850607

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Enoxaparin dosage for obese patients and patients with renal impairment remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To compare anti-factor Xa activity (anti-Xa) among obese and renal impairment patients to patients with healthy weight and adequate renal function. DESIGN: Open, prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial. SETTING: A major community teaching hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 233 patients with prescription of enoxaparin. INTERVENTIONS: Enoxaparin 1.5 mg/kg once daily or 1 mg/kg twice daily except those on dialysis, who received 75% of the dose. MEASUREMENTS: Anti-Xa was measured 4 h post-injection on day 2 or 3. RESULTS: Mean (95% confidence interval (95% CI)) anti-Xa was equal to 1.14 IU/mL (1.07-1.21) and 1.14 IU/mL (1.08-1.20) among patients who received one (n=92) and two injections (n=122) per day, respectively. Anti-Xa increases with body mass index (BMI) (0.01 IU/mL for each kg/m2; 95% CI: 0.002-0.017), but the increase is insufficient to reach supratherapeutic anti-Xa. Anti-Xa decreases with higher creatinine clearance (CrCl) (-0.003 IU/mL for each mL/min; 95% CI: -0.006 to -0.001). On the twice-daily regimen, this is sufficient to reach supratherapeutic anti-Xa. The odd ratio (OR) (95% CI) of having a nontherapeutic anti-Xa is equal to 2.28 (1.25-4.16) when enoxaparin is administered twice daily and to 3.03 (1.16-7.86) among severe renal impairment patients (< or =30 mL/min). CONCLUSIONS: Based on Anti-Xa, no dosage adjustments are required in obese patients. In renally impaired patients, adjustments may be necessary when enoxaparin is administered twice daily.


Assuntos
Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Enoxaparina/administração & dosagem , Obesidade , Insuficiência Renal , Idoso , Testes de Coagulação Sanguínea , Peso Corporal , Doenças Cardiovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Enoxaparina/farmacocinética , Inibidores do Fator Xa , Feminino , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/administração & dosagem , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/farmacocinética , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
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