Effect of HKUST-1 metal-organic framework in root and shoot systems, as well as seed germination.

The seed germination, as well as root and shoot growth effect of HKUST-1 MOF, and its derived linear polymer ([Cu2(OH)(BTC)(H2O)]n·2nH2O) were herein examined. These effects were studied for seven higher plant species: sweet corn (Zea mays L.), black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), celosia (Celosia argentea L.), Aztec marigold (Tagetes erecta L.), and gypsophila (Gypsophila paniculata L.). The studied concentrations of MOFs were 10, 100, 500, or 1000 mg/L, enhancing the percentage of germination and growth of plants in most species. In general, the growth of the root is lower compared to the controls due to the capacity of the MOF to adsorb water and provide micronutrients such as C, O, and Cu, acting as a reserve for the plant. Shoot system growths are more pronounced with HKUST-1 compared with control, and linear polymer, due to the 3D structure adsorbs major water contents. It was found that all studied species are tolerant not only to Cu released from the material, but more evident to Cu structured in MOFs, and this occurs at high concentrations compared to many other systems. Finally, copper fixation was not present, studied by EDX mapping, banning the possibility of metallic phytotoxicity to the tested cultivars.

Comparison between surgical techniques in gallstone ileus and outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: Gallstone ileus is a rare cause of mechanical bowel obstruction, generally found in elderly patients who often have other significant medical conditions. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of gallstone ileus and the number of postsurgical complications and outcomes depending on what type of surgical management is performed. METHOD: Cohort, retrospective, observational, and comparative study was conducted, which included 31 patients undergoing surgery for gallstone ileus. Three groups were integrated according to the type of surgical procedure: Group 1: enterotomy and stone extraction alone,. Group 2: enterotomy and cholecystectomy with fistula closure, and Group 3: bowel resection alone. RESULTS: A total of 31 patients were analyzed. Gallstone ileus represented the 1.44% of all cases of bowel obstruction. Complication rates were similar between three groups. Mortality rate was lower in Group A, especially when compared to Group B, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Surgery is the pillar in treatment of gallstone ileus. Enterotomy with stone extraction alone appears to be associated with a lower mortality rate and better outcomes when compared to more extensive techniques.

ANTECEDENTES: El íleo biliar es una causa rara de obstrucción intestinal mecánica, que se presenta generalmente en pacientes ancianos que a menudo tienen otras afecciones médicas importantes. OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia del íleo biliar, el número de complicaciones y los resultados según el tipo de tratamiento quirúrgico que se realice. MÉTODO: Estudio de cohorte, retrospectivo, observacional y comparativo, que incluyó 31 pacientes sometidos a cirugía por íleo biliar. Se integraron tres grupos según el tipo de procedimiento quirúrgico: grupo 1, enterotomía y extracción de cálculos únicamente; grupo 2, enterotomía y colecistectomía con cierre de fístula; y grupo 3, resección intestinal únicamente. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 31 pacientes. El íleo biliar representó el 1.44% de todos los casos de obstrucción intestinal. Las tasas de complicaciones fueron similares en los tres grupos. La tasa de mortalidad fue menor en el grupo 1, en especial cuando se comparó con el grupo 2, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONES: La cirugía es el pilar en el tratamiento del íleo biliar. La enterotomía con extracción de cálculos parece asociarse con una menor tasa de mortalidad y mejores resultados en comparación con técnicas más extensas.