Effect of N-Methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) on the Equilibrium Solubility of Meloxicam in Aqueous Media: Correlation, Dissolution Thermodynamics, and Preferential Solvation.

Meloxicam is an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug widely prescribed in current therapeutics that exhibits very low solubility in water. Thus, this physicochemical property has been studied in N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP)-aqueous mixtures at several temperatures to expand the solubility database about pharmaceutical compounds in aqueous-mixed solvents. The flask-shake method and UV-vis spectrophotometry were used for meloxicam solubility determination as a function of temperature and mixture composition. Several cosolvency models, including the Jouyban-Acree model, were challenged for equilibrium solubility correlation and/or prediction. The van't Hoff and Gibbs equations were employed here to calculate the apparent standard thermodynamic quantities for the dissolution and mixing processes of this drug in these aqueous mixtures. Inverse Kirkwood-Buff integrals were employed to calculate the preferential solvation parameters of meloxicam by NMP in all mixtures. Meloxicam equilibrium solubility increased with increasing temperature, and maximal solubilities were observed in neat NMP at all temperatures. The mole fraction solubility of meloxicam increased from 1.137 × 10-6 in neat water to 3.639 × 10-3 in neat NMP at 298.15 K. The Jouyban-Acree model correlated the meloxicam solubility in these mixtures very well. Dissolution processes were endothermic and entropy-driven in all cases, except in neat water, where nonenthalpy- nor entropy-driven was observed. Apparent Gibbs energies of dissolution varied from 34.35 kJ·mol-1 in pure water to 7.99 kJ·mol-1 in pure NMP at a mean harmonic temperature of 303.0 K. A nonlinear enthalpy-entropy relationship was observed in the plot of dissolution enthalpy vs dissolution Gibbs energy. Meloxicam is preferentially hydrated in water-rich mixtures but preferentially solvated by NMP in the composition interval of 0.16 < x 1 < 1.00.

Anthocyanin composition of wild Colombian fruits and antioxidant capacity measurement by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.

The qualitative and quantitative anthocyanin composition of four wild tropical fruits from Colombia was studied. Compounds of "mora pequeña" ( Rubus megalococcus Focke.), "uva de árbol" ( Myrciaria aff. cauliflora O. Berg), coral, and motilón ( Hyeronima macrocarpa Mull. Arg.) fruits were separately extracted with methanol-acetic acid (95:5, v/v). The anthocyanin-rich extracts (AREs) were obtained by selective adsorption on Amberlite XAD-7. Each extract was analyzed by HPLC-PDA and HPLC-HRESI-MS(n) with LCMS-IT-TOF equipment in order to characterize the anthocyanin pigments and the coinjection in HPLC using standards allowed identifying the major constituents in each extract. The antioxidant activity was measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and UV-vis spectroscopy, using ABTS and DPPH free radicals. The ARE of motilón ( H. macrocarpa Müll. Arg) exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity in comparison to the other extracts. A second-order kinetic model was followed in all of the cases. These results suggested that the studied fruits are promising not only as source of natural pigments but also as antioxidant materials for food industry.

Elaboración de dosímetros de alanina y sus posibles aplicaciones en riesgos profesionales / Elaboração de dosímetros de alanina e suas possíveis aplicações em riscos profissionais / Elaboration of alanine dosimeters and their possible applications in professional risks

Desarrollar dosímetros de alanina y alanina/parafina con miras a atender la creciente utilización de la radiación ionizante a nivel tecnológico. Materiales y métodos. Los radicales libres producidos por la radiación ionizante en la alanina se detectan por resonancia magnética electrónica (ESR); la parafina se utiliza como aglutinante. La metodología de preparación incluye: elaboración, irradiación, lectura y análisis de datos para los dos tipos de dosímetros. Los espectros ESR estudiados corresponden a dosímetros de alanina con masas entre 60 y 120 mg e irradiados con dosis de 10 y 20 Gy, y dosímetros de alanina/parafina de 160 mg e irradiados con diferentes dosis en un haz de fotones de 4 MV. Resultados. La intensidad de los espectros (las cinco líneas características) depende de las dosis recibidas por los dosímetros y su relación es lineal. Con alanina pura y una dosis de 10 Gy la mínima cantidad requerida fue 120 mg; la compactación del cilindro lograda no fue suficiente para evitar la fragmentación parcial del dosímetro. La parafina no tiene señal paramagnética; en los dosímetros de alanina/parafina (cilindros de longitud 13 mm y diámetro 3.5 mm, en la relación 80:20, y buena dureza) se estudió la respuesta señal ESR-dosis en un rango entre 20 y 120 Gy. Conclusiones. Los cilindros de alanina/parafina fabricados tienen una dureza apropiada para ser manipulados como dosímetros de radiación ionizante; su reproducibilidad y la efectividad en la acumulación de dosis es buena...

Elaboration of alanine dosimeters and their possible applications in professional risks. Objective. To develop dosimeters of alanine and alanine/paraffin in order to meet the growing use of ionizing radiation at the technological level. Materials and methods. Free radicals produced by ionizing radiation in alanine are detected by electron spin resonance (ESR); paraffin is used as binder. The methodology ofpreparation includes: elaboration, irradiation, data collection and data analysis for the two types of dosimeters. The ESR spectra studied correspond to alanine dosimeters with masses between 60 and 120 mg and irradiated with doses of 10 and 20 Gy, and alanine/paraffin dosimeters with 160 mg and irradiated with different doses in a beam of photons 4 MV. Results. The intensity of the spectra (thecharacteristic five lines) depends on the doses received by the dosimeters and their relationship is linear. With pure alanine and a dose of 10 Gy, the minimum amount required was 120 mg; the achieved cylinder compaction was not sufficient to avoid the partial fragmentation of the dosimeter. Paraffin has no paramagnetic signal; in the alanine/paraffin dosimeters (cylinders of 13 mm in length and 3.5 mm of diameter, with a ratio 80:20, and good hardness) the response signal ESR-dose was studied in a range between 20 and 120 Gy. Conclusions. The cylinders of alanine/paraffin manufactured have an appropriate hardness to be handled as dosimeters of ionizing radiation; their reproducibility and effectiveness in the accumulation of dose is good...

Elaboração de dosímetros de alanina e suas possíveis aplicações em riscos profissionais. Objetivo. Desenvolver dosímetros de alanina e alanina/parafina com a finalidade de satisfazer a crescente utilização de radiações ionizantes ao nível tecnológico. Materiais e métodos. Os radicais livres produzidos pela radiação ionizante na alanina são detectados por ressonância magnética eletrônica (EPR); a parafina é utilizada como aglutinante. O método de preparação inclui: elaboração, irradiação, leitura e analise dos dados para os dois tiposde dosímetros. Os espectros ESR estudados correspondem a dosímetros de alanina com massas entre 60 e 120 mg e irradiados com doses de 10 e 20 Gy, e dosímetros de alanina/parafina de 160 mg e irradiados com diferentes doses de um feixe de fótons de 4 MV. Resultados.A intensidade dos espectros (as cinco linhas características) depende das doses recebidas pelos dosímetros e sua relação é linear. Com lanina pura e uma dose de 10 Gy a mínima quantidade requerida foi de 120 mg; a compactação do cilindro alcançada não foi suficiente para evitar a fragmentação parcial do dosímetro. A parafina não tem sinal paramagnético; nos dosímetros de alanina/parafina (cilindros de 13 mmde comprimento e 3,5 mm de diâmetro, na proporção 80:20 e boa dureza) foi estudada a resposta a sinal ESR-dose em um intervalo entre 20 e 120 Gy. Conclusões. Os cilindros de alanina/parafina fabricados têm uma dureza adequada para ser tratados como dosímetros de radiação ionizante; sua reprodutibilidade e eficiência no acúmulo de dose é bom...

Evaluación del ffecto de la impregnación de plaino sobre las características ssuperficiales y estructurales de una zeolita y / Evauation of thee platinum impregnaion effect on the surface and sstructure features of a zeolite y / Avaliação do efeito da impregnação da platina sore as características superficiiais e estruturais de uma zeolita y

El presente artículo muestra la evaluación de los cambios texturales, superficiales y estructurales en una zeolita Y empleada en la síntesis de sólidos a base de platino soportado. Las características estructurales se analizaron mediante difracción de rayos X (DRX), y las propiedades texturales y morfológicas mediante fisiadsorción de nitrógeno a 77K y microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). Adicionalmente, se determinó la dimensión fractal y la distribución de potenciales de adsorción para todos los sólidos. Los resultados muestran que el proceso de síntesis induce la formación de microporosidad en los sólidos, conservando la estructura de la zeolita y sin ocasionar alteraciones topográficas o energéticas importantes sobre la superficie del soporte.

The present paper shows the evaluation of texture, surface and structure changes on a zeolite Y employed in the synthesis of solids based on supported platinum. The structure features were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) whereas the texture and morphologic properties were studied from nitrogen adsorption isotherms (77K) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, fractal dimension and adsorption potential distribution were determinedall solids. The results show that the synthesis process induces the microporosity formation, maintaining the zeolite structure and without important topographic or energetic alterations on the surface.

O presente artigo mostra a avaliação das mudanças texturais, superficiais e estruturais em uma zeolita Y empregada na síntese de sólidos na base de platina suportada. As características estruturais foram analisadas mediante difração de raios X (DRX) e as propriedades texturais e morfológicas mediante fisiadsorção de nitrogênio a 77K e microscopia eletrônico de varredura (SEM). Adicionalmente se determinou a dimensão fractal e a distribuição dos potenciais de adsorção para todos os sólidos. Os resultados mostram que o processo da síntese induz a formação da microporosidade, conservando a estrutura da zeolita sem causar alterações topográficas ou energéticas importantes sobre a superfície de suporte.