Incidence of Unplanned Readmissions After One-Day Surgery Discharge Among Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction The prevalence of one-day surgery (also known as same-day surgery or outpatient surgery) has been increasing recently among patients and physicians in many countries due to its benefits. The main benefits of one-day surgery are that the patient is not planned to stay overnight before the surgery and can be discharged on the same day of the surgery. The lower cost to the health system can make these surgeries more favorable for both sides. However, unplanned readmission after such surgeries can happen and this has broad implications for patients, their families, and the healthcare system. Therefore, this study primarily aims to identify the incidence of unexpected hospital readmissions following one-day surgery after discharge among children. The study also aims to identify any significant variables that can be identified with the cases of readmissions to allow for further investigations in future studies Methods This study was done at King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The target population included all pediatric patients who underwent one-day surgeries and were admitted within one week of their discharge from 2017 to 2023 through outpatient clinics and the emergency department. Results The study sample size was 403 patients, with male patients accounting for 241 surgeries (59.8%), and female patients accounting for 162 surgeries (40.1%). The most common American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification was II, accounting for 169 cases (41.9%). Toddlers and preschoolers (aged 1-6 years) were the age groups with the highest number of patients (n=252, 62.5% combined). Elective surgeries accounted for 382 cases (94.7%). The specialty with the highest number of surgeries was ear, nose, and throat with 284 cases (70.4%) with tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy being the most common surgery with 234 cases (58%). The most common reasons for unplanned readmission were poor oral intake (n=146, 36.2%) and bleeding (n=131, 32.5%). The most common day of readmission was the seventh day in five surgical specialties (45.4%). Conclusion Over the past seven years, 403 patients were readmitted within one week after their one-day surgery at King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital. Such a situation may cause dissatisfaction with the medical care that the patients were given and eventually may build an untrusted relationship between the patient and the physician. Future investigations should be established to lower such a condition and develop prevention methods to lower its prevalence.

Orbital and Intracranial Complications of Acute Rhinosinusitis in a Tertiary Center, Saudi Arabia.

Background Rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the nasal cavity's mucosa and paranasal sinuses. In rare cases, acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) might lead to significant orbital and intracranial complications. This study aims to review the patients who presented with orbital or intracranial complications of ARS and to identify the main outcomes of these complications and their prognosis. Methods In this study, a retrospective chart review of patients with orbital or intracranial complications of ARS who presented to the otolaryngology department at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from 2016 to 2022 was conducted. Results A total of 43 patients with orbital, intracranial, or both (orbital and intracranial) complications of ARS were included. The most involved sinuses were maxillary sinuses. The most reported orbital complications were subperiosteal abscesses, and the most reported intracranial complications were epidural abscesses. Conclusion Orbital and intracranial complications of ARS are serious and life-threatening if not recognized early and treated effectively. The majority of ARS complications in this study were orbital complications. Fortunately, most of the cases carry a favorable outcome.

Factors Influencing Satisfaction With Online Learning During COVID-19 Crisis by Undergraduate Medical Students From King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAUHS), Riyadh.

Background During the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Saudi Arabia implemented strict measures to prevent the entry and spread of the virus and to minimize its burden on society, including the use of online education as an alternative to traditional classroom learning. This study surveyed medical students from King Abdulaziz bin Saud University for Health Sciences-Riyadh to evaluate the factors affecting their satisfaction and experience with online learning. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2021, using consecutive sampling and a population of approximately 700 medical students from King Saud bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences. This study was carried out through an online questionnaire. Results The survey received 277 responses with a response rate of 40%. About 15.3% of respondents believed that online learning productivity was poor, and 18.9% found it below average; however, 21.7% rated it as excellent. The level of anxiety while studying at home was rated as fine by 32.7%, while 21% felt very anxious, and the level of distraction was reported to be high, by 23.1%. Additionally, 64.4% of respondents preferred more online courses even after the COVID-19 crisis. Overall, 29.2% of respondents rated online learning as excellent, while 12.5% rated it as poor. We found a significant positive correlation between feeling isolated while studying at home and feeling anxious (r=0.618; p<0.001) and a significant positive correlation between productivity during online learning and the impact on grades (r=0.495; p<0.001). Conclusion This study found that online learning had benefits but also negatively impacted academic performance and mental health, highlighting the need for tailored support services. Further research is recommended, and medical students should have more theoretical online classes while keeping practical sessions on-site.

Use of the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool as a Screening Tool for Osteoporosis in Saudi Postmenopausal Women.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is commonly referred to as the "silent disease," as bone loss is gradual and asymptomatic. In older women and men, osteoporosis can lead to increased bone fragility, thus increasing the risk of fractures. These fractures are associated with healthcare costs, physical disabilities, impaired quality of life, and mortality. Therefore, the study's main objective was to assess the applicability of the osteoporosis self-assessment tool (OST) in predicting osteoporosis in Saudi postmenopausal women who are 60 years of age and older and to give a thorough understanding of how such a method can aid in the early diagnosis of osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia and give physicians enough time to treat it.  Methods: This study was done at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, where we included postmenopausal Saudi women 60 years of age and older who took the bone mineral density (BMD) test in the family medicine department. The approximate target population in this group, between the years 2016 and 2022, was 2969 patients. All data was taken from the BestCare database at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh. Data were typed in an Excel sheet (Redmond, USA), then transferred to the R Studio software. The data collection method was chart review, so no informed consent was needed from patients. Names and medical record numbers were not stored.  Results: The study included 2969 participants. According to the bone mineral density (BMD) T score results, 490 participants (16.5%) were normal, 1746 participants (58.8%) had osteopenia, and 733 participants (24.7%) suffered from osteoporosis. BMD T scores for normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis participants were -0.6 (-0.9, -.3), -1.8 (-2.1), and -3 (-3.5, -2.7), consecutively. Estimated OSTI scores for those patients were 2 (0, 4), 1 (-2, 3), and -1 (-4, 1), consecutively. According to the OSTI score for normal participants, 4.29% were classified as being at high risk of osteoporosis. A high risk of osteoporosis was identified in 0.74% of those with osteopenia. 27.83% of osteoporosis patients were classified as being at high risk of osteoporosis. To differentiate normal individuals from those with osteopenia, the cutoff value with optimal sensitivity was 3.5. At such a cutoff value, the test sensitivity was 81.04%. To differentiate normal participants from those with osteoporosis, the cutoff value with optimal sensitivity was 2.5. At such a cutoff value, the test sensitivity was 86.49%. To differentiate osteopenia from osteoporosis patients, the cutoff threshold with optimal sensitivity was 1.5. At such a threshold, sensitivity was 78.44%.  Conclusion: OSTA is a simple and validated tool that can identify subjects at increased risk of osteoporosis. Its use could facilitate a more cost-effective use of BMD; by avoiding measurements in low-risk groups.