Detection of Specific Immunoglobulins in the Saliva of Patients With Mild COVID-19.

Saliva has many advantages over blood as a biofluid, so using it for measuring and monitoring antibody responses in COVID-19 would be highly valuable. To assess the value of saliva-based IgG and IgM/IgA antibody testing in COVID-19, this cross-sectional pilot study evaluated the accuracy of salivary and serum IgG and IgM/IgA for detecting mild COVID-19 and their correlation. Fifty-one patients with mild COVID-19 (14-28 days post-symptom onset) were included in the study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to measure IgG and IgM/IgA responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in both serum and saliva samples using a slightly modified protocol for saliva samples. Saliva-based IgG testing had 30% sensitivity and 100% specificity, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 50%. Saliva-based IgM/IgA testing had 13.2% sensitivity and 100% specificity, with a PPV of 100% and an NPV of 28.3%. Blood and saliva IgG values were positively correlated. Saliva currently has limited diagnostic value for COVID-19 testing, at least for mild disease. Nevertheless, the significant positive correlation between blood and saliva IgG titers indicates that saliva might be a complementary biofluid for assessing systemic antibody responses to the virus, especially if the assay is further optimized across the full disease spectrum.

Assessing Tele-Oral Medicine in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study on Specialists' Experiences and Effectiveness in Oral Healthcare.

INTRODUCTION: Teledentistry is an emerging tool to exchange medical information and clinical images to facilitate the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of oral diseases and patient assurance and education. Considering the shortage of oral medicine specialists in Saudi Arabia, this study aims to assess the experiences of dental specialists with tele-oral medicine and its potential applicability in addressing this shortage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a pilot, cross-sectional study conducted among specialists in the field of oral medicine from January 2020 to March 2020. A total of 16 preselected cases with oral lesions, including clinical history and images, were developed, validated, and shared via email with study participants. Each case included questions on differential diagnosis, provisional diagnosis, and management. The responses were recorded, analyzed, and presented as means and percentages. RESULTS: A total of 49 subjects participated in this study and more than half were under 40 years of age and two-thirds were women. A total of 23 participants had prior experience with tele-oral medicine, mainly via WhatsApp (95.7%), and these cases were received from patients, their families, friends, or other dentists. For all study cases, the correct diagnosis score ranged between 73.50 and 100%, and correct management ranged between 51 and 98%. CONCLUSIONS: Tele-oral medicine is an effective tool that may play an important role in patient management in rural regions with a shortage of oral medicine services. Further studies with larger sample sizes and in collaboration with international centers are warranted to confirm these findings.

Erythema multiforme-like lip presentation in pemphigus vulgaris patients: a multicenter case series.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a chronic autoimmune mucocutaneous blistering disease. Autoantibodies are directed against desmogleins, leading to the formation of intraepithelial bullae. PV, as with other autoimmune mucocutaneous disorders of the oral cavity, presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Approximately 50-70% of cases present first with oral lesions. The lesions commonly start as vesicles or bullae that rapidly rupture, leading to erosions and ulcerations. The palatal, gingival, buccal, and labial mucosa are the most commonly affected sites. Oral PV can mimic several other diseases that cause mucosal erosions and/or ulcerations, including erythema multiforme (EM). EM is an acute, immune-mediated, self-limited hypersensitivity condition primarily associated with herpes simplex infection. Oral lesions can be variable, but a very characteristic presentation with labial hemorrhagic erosions, ulcerations and crusting is commonly seen. In this case series, we present six cases of PV: one male patient and five female patients whose ages ranged from 34 to 65 years old. All patients presented with hemorrhage and crusting of the lips in addition to multiple intraoral erosions and ulcerations. Three patients presented with oral and skin lesions. All patients underwent biopsies, and a diagnosis of PV was confirmed. All patients were treated with steroids (topical and systemic) and variable steroid-sparing agents. This case series emphasizes that oral PV may be misdiagnosed as EM in a subgroup of patients who present with persistent lip hemorrhage and crusting. Therefore, a comprehensive history, clinical examination and incisional biopsies should be considered in such patients.

Perineural Invasion Is a Significant Prognostic Factor in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

(1) Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize current evidence regarding the prognostic role of perineural invasion (PNI) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). (2) Methods: We searched Cochrane Central, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science, using relevant keywords to identify eligible articles. Two independent reviewers conducted two-stage screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) criteria. All analyses were performed using comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA; version 3.3.070) software. (3) Results: The study included 101 published articles encompassing 26,062 patients. The pooled analyses showed that PNI was associated with significantly worse overall survival (OS; HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.32-1.58; p < 0.001), worse disease-specific survival (DSS; HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.65-2.12; p < 0.001), and worse disease-free survival (DFS; HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.65-2.12; p < 0.001). Similarly, both local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and regional recurrence-free survival (RRFS) were worse in patients with PNI (HR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.72-3.10, p < 0.001; and HR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.51-2.74, p < 0.001), respectively. The random-effect estimate of three studies demonstrated that the presence of PNI was associated with worse failure-free survival (FFS; HR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.12-5.98, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The current evidence suggests that PNI can be used as an independent predictor of the prognosis for patients with OSCC. The presence of PNI was associated with worse OS, DFS, DSS, FFS, and with recurrence. Asian patients and patients with extra-tumoral or peripheral PNI invasion were associated with worse prognosis.

The Association Between Long-Term Corticosteroids Use and Dental Caries: A Systematic Review.

Corticosteroids (CSs) are a group of medications prescribed regularly to treat a wide range of inflammatory and immune-related conditions with great benefit. The impact of long-term use of CSs on the oral cavity has been reported before, including increased risk of periodontal disease and dental caries. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in patients using CSs. A literature review was completed using PubMed and Cochrane search engines. The search was based on questions related to adults and children (P); corticosteroids (I); no corticosteroids (C); and dental caries (O) (PICO questions) using the keywords "steroids" and "caries" with all relevant variations and MeSH terms. Decay missing filling tooth/decay missing filling surface (DMFT/DMFS) scores were selected as parameters to assess the effects of CSs on caries prevalence. Data was extracted and analyzed for comparisons. The search yielded 1,206 articles from January 2001 to January 2023, of which 21 papers were eligible for analysis. Overall, 14 studies reported an increase in caries with CSs use. However, seven studies failed to report an association of caries prevalence with CSs use. Current evidence supports the correlation between increased risk of caries with chronic CSs use, specifically for inhaler formulation. Future studies with randomized controlled clinical studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

Semaglutide-associated hyposalivation: A report of case series.

RATIONALE: Obesity and diabetes of different types are considered global health risks with rising prevalence. In addition to low-calorie diet and daily exercise, several treatment options have been introduced to help patient in needs. Semaglutide (Ozempic) is one popular agent, which attracted the attention of both physicians and patients due to its positive outcome in improving glucose control and weight loss. However, no reports on the effect of semaglutide use on the oral cavity and specifically xerostomia are available in the literature. We are reporting 3 cases for patients who were using semaglutide and developed secondary xerostomia. PATIENT CONCERNS: Three female patients with median age of 34 (range 27-46) presented to the oral medicine clinic with chief complaint of xerostomia. All patients were overweight with a mean body mass index of 35.6 (range 35-37) and have been using semaglutide for weight loss for a mean duration of 11.3 weeks (range 6-16). DIAGNOSES: All 3 patients had severe dryness in the mouth with minimal frothy saliva with mean modified Schirmer test of 9 mL at 3 minutes (range 8-10 mL). Following exclusion of other possible underlying medical problems, the diagnosis of semaglutide-induced hyposalivation was given to all patients. INTERVENTIONS: The patients' management varied between discontinuation of the drug, the use of pilocarpine, and conservative symptomatic management. OUTCOMES: The patients resumed acceptable salivary flow. LESSONS: We are reporting for the first time hyposalivation associated with the use of semaglutide. Further prospective, larger studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

Osteolytic Lesion of the Maxilla in an Undiagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patient Identified Incidentally by Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy characterized by monoclonal plasma cell proliferation. Jaw lesions are found in nearly 35% of patients with symptomatic myeloma, and lesions occur in the mandible more often than in the maxilla. However, maxillary or mandibular lesions are rarely found as a primary manifestation of the disease. This report describes a case of a 65-year-old Palestinian woman with lytic lesions in the maxilla due to undiagnosed multiple myeloma identified incidentally on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). CASE REPORT A 65-year-old Palestinian woman presented to the Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic with an expansion of the maxilla which was initially thought of as an infection. CBCT imaging revealed diffuse osteolytic lesions involving multiple osseous structures. The patient was biopsied. Histopathological examination was suspicious for plasmacytic neoplasm. She was directly referred to the Hematology Department for further laboratory tests. These included complete blood count, liver function test, bone profile, protein electrophoresis, flow cytometry, and bone marrow biopsy, which were performed to confirm the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. The patient was treated with chemotherapy including zoledronic acid, dexamethasone, bortezomib, and cyclophosphamide. She went into remission for a year but unfortunately died 2 years later. CONCLUSIONS Primary myeloma of the maxilla is a rare presentation. The present report illustrates the role of CBCT imaging supported by a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of myeloma. Consequently, it is recommended that dental practitioners be aware of radiographic features and possible oral manifestations to avoid any delay in medical intervention.

Oral Manifestations of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study of Their Prevalence and Association with Disease Severity.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has impacted the world in an unprecedented way since December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 was found in the saliva of patients, and entry points for the virus may have been through the numerous angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors in the oral cavity. Oral manifestations of COVID-19 could contribute to the burden of oral disease. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of oral manifestations of COVID-19 in patients and their association with disease severity. METHODS: Interviews were conducted with adult participants diagnosed with COVID-19 between October 2021 and March 2022 to document their demographic and health status data, symptoms, and the presence of oral manifestations of COVID-19. Chi-square and the Fisher's exact test were used to compare data on the presence or absence of oral manifestations of COVID-19. RESULTS: Of 195 participants interviewed, 33% were 18 to 24 years old, 33% were 25 to 34 years old, and 75% were female. A total of 57 (29%) had oral manifestations; the most common were taste disorders (60%), xerostomia (42%), and oral ulcers (11%). There was no relationship between the severity of COVID-19 and the presence of the oral manifestations. CONCLUSION: Oral manifestations of COVID-19 were common among female patients and linked to certain general COVID-19 symptoms regarding frequency and extent.

A 65-Year-Old Woman with an Enlarged Tongue Due to Amyloidosis.

BACKGROUND Amyloidosis is a clinical condition characterized by the extracellular deposition of insoluble, abnormal amyloid fibrils in various body tissues. It is generally categorized into 2 forms - localized and systemic - with a wide range of signs and symptoms. This case report discusses the localized amyloidosis involvement of the oral cavity and its treatment. CASE REPORT A 65-year-old woman presented to the oral medicine clinic reporting painless tongue enlargement, which has been slowly progressing over several years, leading to difficulty in tongue movement, eating, and swallowing. Extra-oral examination showed a prominent lower lip with rubbery consistency. Intra-oral examination revealed a significantly enlarged tongue almost filling the whole oral cavity with dental indentations evident on all tongue surfaces and multiple, deep ulcerative craters of various sizes ranging from 2 to 5 mm in diameter. Histopathological examination under light microscope using hematoxylin and eosinophil and Congo red stain were diagnostic for amyloidosis. Further investigation with the Rheumatology Department, including renal and liver function tests, as well as echocardiography, were conducted and ruled out systemic involvement of other body organs. The patient was treated with weekly intra-lesional triamcinolone injections, with significant improvement. CONCLUSIONS We report a rare case of localized amyloidosis presenting as macroglossia. Although the most effective management in tongue amyloidosis is surgical resection, conservative management in cases of localized oral amyloidosis presenting as macroglossia with weekly intra-lesional triamcinolone injections can be an effective approach, providing patients with better quality of life. Future studies exploring treatment modalities for similar cases with limited oral involvement are warranted.

Oral lesions associated with smokeless tobacco users in Saudi Arabia: Single center cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) causes significant harm to the oral cavity and is considered a risk factor for oral cancer. Various forms, products, and patterns of SLT are used across different populations. Many products, such as nicotine and betel nut, have addictive and carcinogenic properties. SLT use is associated with benign, premalignant, or malignant lesions. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of these oral lesions and their association with SLT exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study, performed at our institution's Faculty of Dentistry, included all the patients with a history of using SLT within a 5-year period at the oral medicine clinic. The patients' demographic details were collected, and information regarding habit, duration, frequency, site of placement, and history of habit discontinuity were recorded. If a biopsy was performed, the diagnoses were also reported. RESULTS: Of the 59 patients included, 89.8% were male and 10.2% were female. SLT lesions in the oral cavity were usually focal lesions (76.3%). The most preferred placement site by SLT users was the mandibular posterior vestibule. Follow-up of SLT patients after quitting or clinical changes in the placement site showed a 92.8% regression or complete healing of the lesions. Of the 59 patients who underwent SLT, 18.6% were diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a high percentage of remarkable regression or complete healing of SLT lesions related to early diagnosis and habit change. In contrast, 18.6% of the lesions progressed to SCC.

Why do students skip classroom lectures: A single dental school report.

BACKGROUND: Conventional classroom lectures continue to represent a major component of the dental education system to ensure optimum delivery of knowledge. Certain number of students are less compliant and likely to skip classes which may impact the overall academic performance. The aim of this study was to investigate dental students' attitude towards classroom attendance and potential reasons for absenteeism at King Abdulaziz University-Faculty of Dentistry (KAU-FD). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey of all dental students actively enrolled at KAU-FD from January to June 2019. The survey included questions on demographics, average travel time to school, current dental year, most recent GPA, student's perspective toward classroom lectures. The survey was validated and distributed to all students at a pre-selected time frame. Data were analysed and presented as frequencies and percentages; chi-square test was used to explore parameters association. RESULTS: A total of 678 students consented and completed the survey. Overall, 44.3% of students were more likely to skip two classes or less per month. Second year dental students were more likely to be absent from classroom lectures (31.3%), while 3rd year dental students were less likely to do so (15.4%). Reported students' justifications for missing classes included early morning classes (47.9%), exams preparation (42%), and lecturer's weak presentation skills (41.9%). CONCLUSION: Compliance of dental students with classroom attendance has been an ongoing challenge for most programs. The current data suggests a multifactorial module for students' attitude toward classroom attendance. Future studies focusing on reasons behind classroom attendance behavior and addressing students' concerns are needed.

The application of teledentistry for Saudi patients' care: A national survey study.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Teledentistry has emerged as a new communication tool in various dental disciplines around the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability and reliability of teledentistry in the field of diagnostic dentistry and explore the perception of Saudi dentists of its benefits and concerns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic survey with 40 questions was developed, validated and distributed electronically by email and social media channels to dentists from different specialty in Saudi Arabia. Collected data were analyzed for statistical significance. RESULTS: A total of 148 dentists completed the survey. The current data demonstrated that 50% of study participants have had applied teledentistry in their clinical practice. Out of all, 90% have computers in their dental offices and 72% have been using electronic medical records in which radiographs and clinical images are uploaded. Most participants had smart phones (91%), in which they were used more commonly (74.3%) than conventional cameras (54.1%) to capture and share patients' clinical images over communication applications (74.3%) and less likely through emails (62.2%). Overall, 83% were confident that teledentistry can improve daily dental practice, specifically in the fields of oral radiology followed by endodontics and oral medicine. CONCLUSION: Teledentistry is an emerging tool with potential to improve the delivery of diagnostic dental care for communities with limited or no access to dental specialists. As of today, teledentistry has not been truly implemented by the Saudi dental community. Development of national programs to educate the public and promote teledentistry among dental practitioners are warranted.

Architectural Alterations in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia are Similar in Unifocal and Proliferative Leukoplakia.

The current WHO histopathologic criteria for oral epithelial dysplasia (ED) are based on architectural and cytologic alterations, and do not address other histopathologic features of ED. Here we propose new diagnostic criteria including architectural, organizational, and cytologic features for oral ED. Cases of unifocal leukoplakia (UL) and proliferative leukoplakia (PL) with clinical photographs and follow-up information were identified. Only cases that showed minimal cytologic atypia or mild ED were used to demonstrate critical architectural changes as defined in this study. Eight biopsies from eight UL patients and 34 biopsies from four PL patients were included. The biopsies showed (a) corrugated, verrucous or papillary architecture, (b) hyperkeratosis with epithelial atrophy, (c) bulky squamous epithelial proliferation, and (d) demarcated hyperkeratosis and "skip" segments. The architectural alterations defined here are as important as the currently used criteria for the diagnosis of ED. Clinicopathologic correlation when diagnosing oral ED is also of the utmost importance in accurate diagnosis.

Systemic Use of Arnica Montana for the Reduction of Postsurgical Sequels following Extraction of Impacted Mandibular 3rd Molars: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: Postsurgical sequels (PSS) are a group of complications commonly encountered following invasive dental surgical procedures such as bone grafting procedures, external sinus grafting, and 3rd molar extractions. These include pain, intraoral and extraoral bruising, and edema. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of arnica montana (AM) in the management of PSS following extraction of impacted mandibular 3rd molars. The investigators null hypothesis includes no significant role of AM in reducing PSS following dental extraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The investigators implemented a case-control pilot study enrolling twenty-three patients with impacted mandibular 3rd molars. These patients were allocated to AM or control group. Baseline clinical measurements were collected and included: (1) length of the surgical procedure, (2) pain score, (3) maximum mouth opening, and (4) facial measurements to evaluate edema levels. Subjects in active group received systemic AM tablets following the manufacturer instructions. All study subjects were followed up on Days 2, 4, and 7. Data was analyzed for statistical significance. RESULTS: A total of 30 impacted mandibular 3rd molars were extracted, in which 22 completed with AM. There were 16 females, and the average age was 26 years. On Day 2, subjects in the AM group reported significantly lower VAS compared to control group (3.09 ± 2.22 versus 4.75 ± 1.28). In addition, bleeding, extraoral bruising, edema, and decrease in maximum mouth opening were significantly less reported in the AM group. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes the potential benefit of AM in reducing PSS following dental extractions.

Medication-Induced Oral Hyperpigmentation: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Medication-induced oral hyperpigmentation is an oral condition that impacts patients' quality of life and has been linked to many systemic therapeutic agents. The exact pathogenesis of tissue pigmentation varies greatly and is not completely known. This systematic review aimed to present data on the causal association between medications and the development of oral/mucosal pigmentation as an adverse drug reaction. METHODS: A systematic review and analysis of literature were conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Scopus. The systematic review included original articles written in English and published between January 1982 and June 2020. Following the PRISMA statement, eligible articles were systematically reviewed, and data were extracted from eligible studies and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 235 articles were identified, of which 57 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The mean age of included patients was 46.2±16.38 years (range: 10-90 years) with a male to female ratio of 1:1.45. Oral mucosal hyperpigmentation was reported following the use of several classes of medications such as antiviral (eg, zidovudine), antibiotic (eg, minocycline), antimalarial (eg, chloroquine), anti-fungal (eg, ketoconazole), antileprotic (eg, clofazimine), antihypertensive (eg, amlodipine), chemotherapeutic, and antineoplastic drugs. The risk of developing oral pigmentation was significantly higher with antimalarial medications, antibiotics, antineoplastic and chemotherapeutic agents. Medication-induced oral hyperpigmentation was most frequent among women and in the hard palate. CONCLUSION: Future research is warranted to better understand the pathogenesis and risk factors for medication-induced oral hyperpigmentation in order to reassure patients during prescription and management.

Double lingual frenulum: a case report.

BACKGROUND: The lingual frenulum is a mucous membrane fold found underneath the tongue. It helps the tongue to perform its function. There are few anomalies that can affect the lingual frenulum, such as ankyloglossia and absence of the lingual frenulum. We report a case of two lingual frenula to educate practitioners about the presence of such an anomaly. CASE PRESENTATION: A 10-year-old healthy Saudi girl came to our dental clinic complaining of "malpositioned frontal teeth." Upon intraoral examination, two lingual frenula were found connecting the tongue with the floor of the mouth. Intraoral examination revealed no other abnormalities. CONCLUSION: Double lingual frenulum is an existing frenulum anomaly that did not affect normal function of our patient. A search of the literature revealed that this may well be the first reported case of such a condition.

Oral changes associated with kolanut use: a report of 2 cases.

INTRODUCTION: Contact stomatitis (CS) is an inflammatory reaction of the oral mucosa induced by contact with an irritant, such as menthol and cinnamon compounds. We are reporting 2 cases of CS related to the use of kolanut, a caffeine-containing nut of evergreen trees. CASE DESCRIPTION: Case 1 was a 22-year-old man with history of chewing kolanut for the past 10 years; he presented with a grayish-white, velvety, leukoplakia-like plaque with ill-defined borders in the mandibular anterior facial vestibule and extending to the lower labial mucosa. The patient had never consumed tobacco products or alcohol before. Histopathologic analysis revealed hyperparakeratosis with otherwise normal epithelium. The patient continued kolanut consumption with persistent oral changes. Case 2 was a 29-year-old man with history of chewing kolanut for the past 2 years; he presented with extensive, diffuse, white, leukoplakia-like plaques on the anterior maxillary and all mandibular gingiva and vestibule, with epithelial desquamation and erosive patches. The patient reported smoking 30 cigarettes per day for the last 11 year. Following cessation of kolanut use, the leukoplakia-like lesion resolved with persistent erythema. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of histopathologic characterization of CS associated with the use of kolanut, which is believed to be reactive in nature with unknown premalignant potential.

Tolerability of a green tea-based mouth rinse: A pilot study.

INTRODUCTION: Mouth rinse containing essential oil is one of the most popular, over the counter dental products which has been promoted to have anti-inflammatory, anti-plaque and anti-microbial properties. An essential oil alcohol-free mouth rinse with green tea has been introduced recently and promoted for management of periodontitis and gingivitis. As the role of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) mouth rinse in management of periodontal disease has been evaluated previously, the aim of this study is to compare the tolerability of none-alcohol containing green tea-based (NAGT) mouth rinse with CHX mouth rinse. METHODS: Forty healthy subjects were enrolled in September 2018 at King Abdulaziz University and allocated randomly to two study arms: NAGT mouth rinse and chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse. Study subjects were instructed to follow the manufacturer instructions and rinse twice daily for two weeks. Collected data included age, gender, smoking history in addition to subjective assessment using a validated questionnaire. Intraoral clinical examination was completed at baseline and 2-weeks time point. RESULTS: The data of 36 patients were included in this study and analyzed. At 2 weeks, NAGT group reported higher burning sensation score compared to chlorhexidine group (mean: 4.33 and 0.6 respectively; P < 0.05). Reported mucosal dryness was more evident in NAGT group (mean: 1.9 Vs 1.7 for chlorhexidine group). Oral examination revealed significant mucosal desquamation (27.8%) in NAGT group. However, oral ulceration was reported equally in both groups (5.6%). CONCLUSION: The current data demonstrates an overall less tolerability of a non-alcohol containing green tea-based mouth rinse compared to chlorhexidine gluconate. Further long term randomized clinical trials are recommended to confirm our findings.

The Agreement Rate between Radiographic Interpretation and Histopathologic Diagnosis of Jaw Lesions.

BACKGROUND: To determine the agreement rate between histopathologic diagnosis and radiographic interpretation of jaw lesions. METHODS: Cases with jaw pathologies that have diagnostically adequate histopathologic samples and radiographic examinations were reviewed retrospectively. Two board-certified oral and maxillofacial pathologists (OMFP) independently determined the histopathologic diagnosis, while two board-certified oral and maxillofacial radiologists (OMFR) determined the radiographic interpretations independently. Then the histopathologic diagnosis and the radiographic interpretation were compared for agreement. RESULTS: A total of 104 cases (53% females) were included with a mean age of 31 years. The agreement rate between histopathologic diagnosis and radiographic interpretation was 49%. OMFP required OMFR consultations to reach a diagnosis in 16% of cases. The most commonly encountered lesions were by far odontogenic cysts of inflammatory origin and the agreement for this disease category was 49.1%. However, agreement rates were highest for the disease category of tumors (62.5%). CONCLUSION: The agreement rate between OMFP and OMFR was higher for tumors than cysts. Agreement rates between OMFP and OMFR improved with efficient consultation between the two disciplines.