La hiperlaxitud articular como marcador de ansiedad en niños / Joint hypermobility is a marker for anxiety in children

Antecedentes: Se ha encontrado que el síndrome de hiperlaxitud articular (SHLA) está asociado a trastornos de ansiedad en poblaciones clínicas y no clínicas, aunque hasta la fecha ningún estudio ha evaluado esta asociación en niños. El objetivo principal de este estudio es evaluar el SHLA junto con la ansiedad, las medidas somáticas y conductuales en niños, para clarificar si el SHLA está asociado a cualquiera de estas variables en este rango de edad. Métodos: Se reclutó una muestra de 160 niños (74 chicas y 86 chicos) con edades comprendidas entre los 5 y los 17 años, procedentes de una clínica de salud mental de niños/adolescentes, para participar en el estudio. A todos los niños se les realizó una entrevista diagnóstica utilizando Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents. Los instrumentos utilizados incluyeron Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Screening Questionnaire to detect Hypermobility (SQ-CH) y Children Manifested Anxiety Scale (CMAS-R). Resultados: La prevalencia de SHLA en esta muestra fue del 22%, siendo significativamente alta en chicas (31%) en comparación con los chicos (14%) (χ2=6,83; p=0,001). El grupo SHLA obtuvo una puntuación considerablemente superior en la escala de ansiedad total CMAS-R (F=4,51; p=0,035), ansiedad fisiológica CMAS-R (F=7,19; p=0,008) y quejas somáticas CBCL (F=8,46; 0,004), y los análisis de regresión reflejaron que estas 3 variables eran factores predictivos de SHLA (χ2=36,77; p <0,001; r2=0,22). El grupo SHLA obtuvo también puntuaciones superiores en determinadas medidas conductuales. Conclusión: Los niños con SHLA tienen mayor frecuencia de trastornos de ansiedad y mayor intensidad de ansiedad fisiológica, quejas somáticas y, por tanto, podría utilizarse el SHLA como marcador para este fenotipo de ansiedad en los jóvenes

Background: Joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) has been found to be associated with anxiety disorders in clinical and nonclinical populations, but to date no studies have evaluated this association in children. The main goal of this study is to evaluate JHS along with anxiety, somatic and behavioral measures in children to clarify if JHS is associated with any of these variables in this age range. Methods: A sample of 160 children (74 girls and 86 boys) ranging from 5 to 17 o were recruited from a Child-Adolescent Mental Health clinic to participate in the study. All children underwent a diagnostic interview using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents. Instruments used include the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Screening Questionnaire to detect Hypermobility (SQ-CH) and the Children Manifested Anxiety Scale (CMAS-R). Results: The prevalence of JHS in this sample was 22%, and this was significantly higher in girls (31%) than in boys (14%) (χ2=6.83; P=.001). The JHS group scored significantly higher in the CMAS-R total anxiety (F=4.51; P=.035), CMAS-R Physiological anxiety (F=7.19; P=.008) and the CBCL somatic complaints (F=8.46; 0.004) and regression analyses showed that these 3 variables were predictors of JHS (χ2=36.77; P<.001; r2=0.22). The JHS group also scored higher in some behavioral measures. Conclusion: Children with JHS have higher frequency of anxiety disorders and higher intensity of physiological anxiety, somatic complaints, and therefore, JHS might be used as marker for this anxiety phenotype in youngsters

Joint hypermobility is a marker for anxiety in children. / La hiperlaxitud articular como marcador de ansiedad en niños.

BACKGROUND: Joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) has been found to be associated with anxiety disorders in clinical and nonclinical populations, but to date no studies have evaluated this association in children. The main goal of this study is to evaluate JHS along with anxiety, somatic and behavioral measures in children to clarify if JHS is associated with any of these variables in this age range. METHODS: A sample of 160 children (74 girls and 86 boys) ranging from 5 to 17 o were recruited from a Child-Adolescent Mental Health clinic to participate in the study. All children underwent a diagnostic interview using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents. Instruments used include the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Screening Questionnaire to detect Hypermobility (SQ-CH) and the Children Manifested Anxiety Scale (CMAS-R). RESULTS: The prevalence of JHS in this sample was 22%, and this was significantly higher in girls (31%) than in boys (14%) (χ2=6.83; P=.001). The JHS group scored significantly higher in the CMAS-R total anxiety (F=4.51; P=.035), CMAS-R Physiological anxiety (F=7.19; P=.008) and the CBCL somatic complaints (F=8.46; 0.004) and regression analyses showed that these 3 variables were predictors of JHS (χ2=36.77; P<.001; r2=0.22). The JHS group also scored higher in some behavioral measures. CONCLUSION: Children with JHS have higher frequency of anxiety disorders and higher intensity of physiological anxiety, somatic complaints, and therefore, JHS might be used as marker for this anxiety phenotype in youngsters.

Use of multiple sequential injections of equal volumes to determine the apparent binding constant for antibody-antigen complexes by capillary electrophoresis.

A new modified version of the well-known flow-through partial-filling technique [viz. multiple sequential injection of equal volumes (MSI-EV) of neutral marker, antigen (Ag) and antibody (Ab)] was used to calculate the apparent binding constant (Ka) of monoclonal Ab (mAb) and polyclonal Ab (pAb) to their specific antigens (Ags). Such a constant is very important in immunoassays. The procedure involves the sequential injection of small, identical volumes of a neutral marker (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO), an Ag and an Ab into a capillary column for electrophoresing. The apparent Ka values thus obtained from a Scatchard plot were 0.76+/-0.15 mg(-1) mL for the complex of anti-canine Immunoglobulin G (IgG) as mAb and canine IgG as Ag, and 0.79+/-0.14 mg(-1) mL for that between anti-human IgG as pAb and human IgG as Ag. These values are of the same order to those provided by indirect competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (viz. 0.42+/-0.28 mg(-1) mL for the mAb-Ag complex and 0.81+/-0.09 mg(-1) mL for the pAb-Ag complex). The high sensitivity of the MSI-EV-CE technique affords the detection of very low concentrations of Ab.

Combination of solid-phase extraction and large-volume stacking with polarity switching in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for the determination of traces of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in saliva.

A reliable MEKC method for the identification and quantitation of traces of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ketoprofen, fenbufen and indomethacin in saliva is proposed. Using CE to analyze biological samples often requires suppressing the interferences and peak broadening typically resulting from high-conductivity sample matrices. We addressed this problem by using Microcon, a centrifugal filter device, to reduce the viscosity of saliva and exclude most higher-molecular-mass substances. This initial pretreatment was followed by the combined used of off-line SPE to isolate and concentrate the analytes, and large-volume stacking with polarity switching (LVSS) in the capillary. These two preconcentration steps allow the determination of NSAIDs at concentrations above 0.1 microg/L; therefore, the proposed SPE/LVSS/MEKC method affords a 500-fold sensitivity enhancement relative to conventional CE injection. The LODs obtained afford the determination of NSAIDs in saliva, where analytes can be present at the microgram-per-liter level.

Combined use of supported liquid membrane and solid-phase extraction to enhance selectivity and sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis for the determination of ochratoxin A in wine.

This paper proposes a novel strategy to enhance selectivity and sensitivity in CE, using supported liquid membrane (SLM) and off-line SPE simultaneously. The determination of ochratoxin A (OA) in wine has been used to demonstrate the potential of this methodology. In the SLM step, the donor phase (either a 20 mL volume of a standard solution at pH 1 or a wine sample at pH 8) was placed in a vial, where a micromembrane extraction unit accommodating the acceptor phase (1 mL water, pH 11) in its lumen was immersed. The SLM was constructed by impregnating a porous Fluoropore Teflon (PTFE) membrane with a water-immiscible organic solvent (octanol). In the off-line SPE step, the nonpolar sorbent (C-18, 4 mg) selectively retained the target ochratoxin, enabling small volumes of acceptor phase (1 mL) to be introduced. The captured analytes were eluted in a small volume of methanol (0.1 mL). This procedure resulted in sample cleanup and concentration enhancement. The method was evaluated for accuracy and precision, and its RSD found to be 5%. The LODs for OA in the standard solutions and wine samples were 0.5 and 30 microg/L, respectively. The results obtained demonstrate that SLM combined with off-line is a good alternative to the use of immunoaffinity columns prior to CE analysis.