Citizen science data on urban forageable plants: a case study in Brazil.

This paper presents two key data sets derived from the Pomar Urbano project. The first data set is a comprehensive catalog of edible fruit-bearing plant species, native or introduced to Brazil. The second data set, sourced from the iNaturalist platform, tracks the distribution and monitoring of these plants within urban landscapes across Brazil. The study includes data from the capitals of all 27 federative units of Brazil, focusing on the ten cities that contributed the most observations as of August 2023. The research emphasizes the significance of citizen science in urban biodiversity monitoring and its potential to contribute to various fields, including food and nutrition, creative industry, study of plant phenology, and machine learning applications. We expect the data sets presented in this paper to serve as resources for further studies in urban foraging, food security, cultural ecosystem services, and environmental sustainability.

Leveraging citizen science for monitoring urban forageable plants.

Urbanization brings forth social challenges in emerging countries such as Brazil, encompassing food scarcity, health deterioration, air pollution, and biodiversity loss. Despite this, urban areas like the city of São Paulo still boast ample green spaces, offering opportunities for nature appreciation and conservation, enhancing city resilience and livability. Citizen science is a collaborative endeavor between professional scientists and nonprofessional scientists in scientific research that may help to understand the dynamics of urban ecosystems. We believe citizen science has the potential to promote human and nature connection in urban areas and provide useful data on urban biodiversity.

Omics-based identification of an NRF2-related auranofin resistance signature in cancer: Insights into drug repurposing.

Auranofin is a thioredoxin reductase-1 inhibitor originally approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, auranofin has been repurposed as an anticancer drug, with pharmacological activity reported in multiple cancer types. In this study, we characterized transcriptional and genetic alterations associated with auranofin response in cancer. By integrating data from an auranofin cytotoxicity screen with transcriptome profiling of lung cancer cell lines, we identified an auranofin resistance signature comprising 29 genes, most of which are classical targets of the transcription factor NRF2, such as genes involved in glutathione metabolism (GCLC, GSR, SLC7A11) and thioredoxin system (TXN, TXNRD1). Pan-cancer analysis revealed that mutations in NRF2 pathway genes, namely KEAP1 and NFE2L2, are strongly associated with overexpression of the auranofin resistance gene set. By clustering cancer types based on auranofin resistance signature expression, hepatocellular carcinoma, and a subset of non-small cell lung cancer, head-neck squamous cell carcinoma, and esophageal cancer carrying NFE2L2/KEAP1 mutations were predicted resistant, whereas leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma were predicted sensitive to auranofin. Cell viability assays in a panel of 20 cancer cell lines confirmed the augmented sensitivity of hematological cancers to auranofin; an effect associated with dependence upon glutathione and decreased expression of NRF2 target genes involved in GSH synthesis and recycling (GCLC, GCLM and GSR) in these cancer types. In summary, the omics-based identification of sensitive/resistant cancers and genetic alterations associated with these phenotypes may guide an appropriate repurposing of auranofin in cancer therapy.

Tempo até o Início do Tratamento Oncológico em Crianças e Adolescentes no Brasil / Time until the Beginning of Cancer Treatment in Children and Adolescents in Brazil / Tiempo hasta el Inicio del Tratamiento del Cáncer en Niños y Adolescentes en el Brasil

Introdução: O câncer infantojuvenil é a principal causa de morte por doença nessa faixa etária no Brasil com elevadas taxas de incidência, sendo o tempo até o início do tratamento crucial para o prognóstico. Objetivo: Investigar os fatores associados à instituição do tratamento do câncer infantojuvenil no Brasil nos primeiros 30 dias após o diagnóstico. Método: Estudo transversal, analítico e quantitativo, realizado com a população de 0 a 19 anos que iniciou o tratamento oncológico de 2017 a 2021 no Brasil. Os dados foram coletados com base no PAINEL-Oncologia e analisados utilizando frequências absolutas e relativas. Além disso, foram calculadas as razões de prevalência entre o tempo de diagnóstico e tratamento por Região Geográfica, grupos de neoplasias e faixa etária. Resultados: Aproximadamente 80% iniciaram o tratamento em até 30 dias e os fatores associados a essa maior prevalência são: menor idade, cirurgia como modalidade terapêutica inicial e diagnóstico nas Regiões Sul e Centro-Oeste. As neoplasias in situ e de comportamento incerto foram o grupo com maior frequência quando comparado aos outros tipos analisados. Destaca-se a diferença no tempo entre as Regiões, evidenciando heterogeneidade da distribuição dos serviços de referência em Oncologia. Não houve diferenças significativas em relação ao sexo. Conclusão: Notou-se a heterogeneidade do tempo oportuno de tratamento nas Regiões, sobretudo no acesso às unidades de tratamento, e na complexidade do quadro oncológico. Mais estudos sobre o percurso até a instituição terapêutica em todas as Regiões são necessários.

Introduction: Cancer in children and adolescents is the main cause of death by disease in this age range in Brazil, with high incidence rates, and the time until the beginning of the treatment is crucial for the prognosis. Objective: To investigate factors associated with the implementation of childhood cancer treatment in Brazil in the first 30 days after the diagnosis. Method: Cross-sectional, analytical and quantitative study carried out with the population aged 0 to 19 years in Brazil who initiated cancer treatment between 2017 and 2021. Data were collected based on PAINEL-Oncologia and analyzed utilizing absolute and relative frequencies and calculating the prevalence ratios between the time of diagnosis and treatment by Geographic Region, neoplasm groups and age group. Results: Approximately 80% initiated treatment within 30 days, and the factors associated with this higher prevalence ratio were: younger age, surgery as the initial therapeutic modality and diagnosis in the South and Midwest Regions. The neoplasms in situ and of uncertain behavior were the group with higher frequency when compared to other types analyzed. The difference in time found in the Regions stands out, showing heterogeneity of the distribution of oncology reference services. No significant difference was found in relation to sex. Conclusion: The heterogeneity of the timely time of treatment in the Regions was noticed, especially in terms of access to treatment centers and the complexity of the oncological condition. Therefore, it is important to carry out studies addressing the pathway to access the therapeutic institution in all Regions.

Introdução: O câncer infantojuvenil é a principal causa de morte por doença nessa faixa etária no Brasil com elevadas taxas de incidência, sendo o tempo até o início do tratamento crucial para o prognóstico. Objetivo: Investigar os fatores associados à instituição do tratamento do câncer infantojuvenil no Brasil nos primeiros 30 dias após o diagnóstico. Método: Estudo transversal, analítico e quantitativo, realizado com a população de 0 a 19 anos que iniciou o tratamento oncológico de 2017 a 2021 no Brasil. Os dados foram coletados com base no PAINEL-Oncologia e analisados utilizando frequências absolutas e relativas. Além disso, foram calculadas as razões de prevalência entre o tempo de diagnóstico e tratamento por Região Geográfica, grupos de neoplasias e faixa etária. Resultados: Aproximadamente 80% iniciaram o tratamento em até 30 dias e os fatores associados a essa maior prevalência são: menor idade, cirurgia como modalidade terapêutica inicial e diagnóstico nas Regiões Sul e Centro-Oeste. As neoplasias in situ e de comportamento incerto foram o grupo com maior frequência quando comparado aos outros tipos analisados. Destaca-se a diferença no tempo entre as Regiões, evidenciando heterogeneidade da distribuição dos serviços de referência em Oncologia. Não houve diferenças significativas em relação ao sexo. Conclusão: Notou-se a heterogeneidade do tempo oportuno de tratamento nas Regiões, sobretudo no acesso às unidades de tratamento, e na complexidade do quadro oncológico. Mais estudos sobre o percurso até a instituição terapêutica em todas as Regiões são necessários

Análise do Tratamento Precoce do Câncer Infantojuvenil no Brasil / Analysis of Early Treatment of Childhood Cancer in Brazil / Análisis del Tratamiento Temprano del Cáncer Infantil en Brasil

Introdução: O tratamento precoce do câncer infantojuvenil possibilita um prognóstico significativo para o paciente, aumentando a sobrevida e diminuindo os riscos de complicações oncológicas, o que torna imperiosa a sua instituição o mais rápido possível. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados à instituição precoce do tratamento oncológico na população pediátrica brasileira. Método: Estudo ecológico, com dados de casos de todos os tipos de câncer diagnosticados no Brasil de 2013 a 2019, na população infantojuvenil (0 a 19 anos), disponibilizados no PAINEL-Oncologia. Resultados: Foram incluídos 39.711 casos, dos quais 29.381 (74%) realizaram o tratamento oportuno, isto é, 30 dias antes do prazo máximo estipulado pela Lei Federal nº. 12.732/12. Entre os principais fatores associados ao maior tempo até a chegada à instituição terapêutica, destacam-se: neoplasias malignas, com modalidade terapêutica não cirúrgica, residentes da Região Norte, entre 11 e 19 anos, e neoplasias que acometem os olhos e o Sistema Nervoso Central. Conclusão: Os achados deste estudo apontam dados essenciais, em consonância com a literatura, para visualização da situação atual do tratamento oncológico na população infantojuvenil no Brasil, ao mesmo tempo que demostram problemáticas que, se solucionadas, podem contribuir significativamente para a queda da morbimortalidade

Introduction: The early treatment of childhood cancer should be implemented as soon as possible because it favors a good prognosis for the patient, increasing survival and reducing the risk of oncologic complications. Objective: Understand the factors associated with the early implementation of cancer treatment in the Brazilian pediatric population. Method: Ecological study, with data on cases of all types of cancer diagnosed in Brazil from 2013 to 2019 in the juvenile population (0 to 19 years old) available on PANEL-Oncology. Results: 39,711 cases were included, of which 29,381 (74%) underwent timely treatment, that is, 30 days before Federal Law 12.732/12-mandated maximum period. Among the main factors associated with more time until the arrival at the therapeutic institution, the following stand out: malignant neoplasms, with non-surgical therapeutic modality, residents of the North region, between 0 and 19 years, and neoplasms affecting the eyes and the central nervous system. Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal essential data in line with the literature, portraying the current situation of cancer treatment in children and adolescents in Brazil, and issues that if resolved can contribute significantly to reduce the morbimortality

Introducción: El tratamiento temprano del cáncer infantil y adolescente permite un pronóstico significativo para el paciente, lo que hace imperativa su institución lo antes posible. Objetivo: Analizar los factores asociados con la institución precoz del tratamiento del cáncer en la población pediátrica brasileña. Método: Estudio ecológico, con datos de casos de todos los tipos de cáncer diagnosticados en Brasil de 2013 a 2019 en la población juvenil (0 a 19 años) disponibles en el PANEL-Oncología. Resultados: Se incluyeron 39.711 casos, de los cuales 29.381 (74%) recibieron tratamiento en forma oportuna, es decir, 30 días antes del plazo máximo estipulado por la Ley Federal nº. 12.732/12. Entre los principales factores asociados a más tempo hasta la institución terapéutica, se destacan: neoplasias malignas, con modalidad terapéutica no quirúrgica, residentes de la región norte, entre 11 y 19 años, y neoplasias que afectan los ojos y el sistema nervioso central. Conclusión: Los hallazgos de este estudio señalaron datos esenciales, en línea con la literatura, visualizar la situación actual del tratamiento del cáncer en niños y adolescentes en Brasil, señalando problemas que, de ser resueltos, pueden contribuir significativamente a la disminución de la morbimortalidad

Thioredoxin reductase-1 levels are associated with NRF2 pathway activation and tumor recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer.

Activating mutations in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway characterize a subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) associated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis. We herein evaluated the relationship between 64 oxidative stress-related genes and overall survival data from 35 lung cancer datasets. Thioredoxin reductase-1 (TXNRD1) stood out as the most significant predictor of poor outcome. In a cohort of NSCLC patients, high TXNRD1 protein levels correlated with shorter disease-free survival and distal metastasis-free survival post-surgery, including a subset of individuals treated with platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that NSCLC tumors harboring genetic alterations in the NRF2 pathway (KEAP1, NFE2L2 and CUL3 mutations, and NFE2L2 amplification) overexpress TXNRD1, while no association with EGFR, KRAS, TP53 and PIK3CA mutations was found. In addition, nuclear accumulation of NRF2 overlapped with upregulated TXNRD1 protein in NSCLC tumors. Functional cell assays and gene dependency analysis revealed that NRF2, but not TXNRD1, has a pivotal role in KEAP1 mutant cells' survival. KEAP1 mutants overexpress TXNRD1 and are less susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of the TXNRD1 inhibitor auranofin when compared to wild-type cell lines. Inhibition of NRF2 with siRNA or ML-385, and glutathione depletion with buthionine-sulfoximine, sensitized KEAP1 mutant A549 cells to auranofin. NRF2 knockdown and GSH depletion also augmented cisplatin cytotoxicity in A549 cells, whereas auranofin had no effect. In summary, these findings suggest that TXNRD1 is not a key determinant of malignant phenotypes in KEAP1 mutant cells, although this protein can be a surrogate marker of NRF2 pathway activation, predicting tumor recurrence and possibly other aggressive phenotypes associated with NRF2 hyperactivation in NSCLC.

Agricultural wastes as alternative substrates in the production of conilon coffee seedlings / Resíduos agrícolas como substratos alternativos na produção de mudas de café conilon

Research related to the use of agricultural residues as alternatives to commercial substrates has become fundamental for reducing the production costs of coffee seedlings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of residues of pepper (Piper nigrum) powder, coffee (Coffea) husk, coconut (Cocos nucifera) fiber and pine (Pinus) bark as alternative substrates in the development of coffee (Coffea canephora) seedlings in tubes. The experiment was carried out at the Demuner Seedling Nursery, in the municipality of São Roque do Canaã, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, with six treatments: T0- Bioplant® commercial substrate (control); and from T1 to T5, increasing proportions (%) of pepper powder and decreasing coconut fiber and pine bark (0/20/50, 10/15/45, 20/10/40, 30/5/35 and 40/0/30) and fixed proportions of coffee husk (30%). At 120 days after staking, we evaluated the plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, shoot dry mass and root dry mass. Any of the substrates containing different proportions of agricultural residues can be used as an alternative to the commercial substrate in the production of Conilon coffee seedlings since most of the growth variables evaluated did not differ from the control. Due to the high availability of pepper powder in the region, we recommended the substrate with 40% pepper powder, 30% coffee husk and 30% pine bark

Pesquisas relacionadas ao uso de resíduos agrícolas como alternativas aos substratos comerciais são fundamental para reduzir os custos de produção das mudas de café. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos resíduos pó de pimenta (Piper nigrum), casca de café (Coffea), fibra de coco (Cocos nucifera) e casca de pinus (Pinus) como substratos alternativos no desenvolvimento de mudas de café Conilon (Coffea canephora) em tubetes. O experimento foi realizado no viveiro de produção de mudas Demuner, localizado no município de São Roque do Canaã, ES. Foi adotado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos, sendo, T0: Substrato comercial Bioplant® (testemunha); e de T1 ao T5, proporções crescentes de pó-de-pimenta e decrescentes de fibra de coco e casca de pinus (0/20/50; 10/15/45; 20/20; 20/10/40, 30/5/35 e 40/0/30) e proporções fixas de casca de café (30%). Aos 120 dias após estaqueamento avaliaram-se: altura de planta, número de folhas, diâmetro do coleto, massa de matéria seca da parte aérea e massa de matéria seca radicular. Qualquer um dos substratos contendo diferentes proporções de resíduos agrícolas pode ser uma alternativa ao substrato comercial na produção de mudas de café Conilon, já que a maioria das variáveis de crescimento avaliadas não diferiu da testemunha. Em razão da maior disponibilidade de pó-de-pimenta na região, recomenda-se o substrato contento 40% de pó-de-pimenta, 30% de casca de café e 30% de casca de pinus.

Análise comparativa da técnica de baciloscopia no diagnósticoda tuberculose pulmonar frente ao GeneXpert em amostras depacientes da cidade de Recife, Pernambuco / Comparative analysis of the bacilloscopy technique in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis against GeneXpert in samples of patients in the city of Recife, Pernambuco

Objetivo: Considerando que atualmente ainda existem algumas limitações quanto à escolha do teste ideal para diagnóstico da TB, ligadas principalmente aos custos e realização adequada das técnicas, o presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar a eficácia do teste de baciloscopia no diagnóstico da tuberculose pulmonar, a partir da comparação dos resultados obtidos através dos testes de baciloscopia e GeneXpert de pacientes da cidade de Recife-PE. Métodos: Foram analisadas neste estudo amostras de escarro com os resultados já positivos para TB através da cultura microbiológica. As espécimes foram submetidas ainda aos testes de baciloscopia e GeneXpert para uma análise comparativa dos resultados. Resultados: Foi analisado um total de 100 amostras, com positividade para todos os testes realizados no estudo (cultura microbiológica, GeneXpert e baciloscopia). Conclusão: O diagnóstico através do GeneXpert representa um ganho expressivo quando levado em conta sua sensibilidade, rapidez e confiabilidade dos resultados, em contrapartida, os custos para realização deste teste ainda são elevados. Este fato reforça a importância das metodologias convencionais de baciloscopia e cultura, quando utilizadas dentro dos parâmetros de controle de qualidade adequados.

Objective: Considering that currently there are still some limitations regarding the choice of the ideal test for diagnosis of TB, related mainly to costs and adequate performance of the techniques, the present study aimed to verify the efficacy of the bacilloscopy test in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, based on the comparison of the results obtained through the bacilloscopy and GeneXpert tests of patients from the city of Recife-PE. Methods: Sputum samples with already positive results for TB were analyzed in this study through the microbiological culture. The specimens were also submitted to bacilloscopy and GeneXpert tests for a comparative analysis of the results. Results: A total of 100 samples were analyzed, with positivity for all tests performed in the study (microbiological culture, GeneXpert and smear microscopy). Conclusion: The diagnosis through GeneXpert represents an expressive gain when taking into account its sensitivity, speed and reliability of results, in contrast, the costs to perform this test are still high. This fact reinforces the importance of conventional bacilloscopy and culture methodologies when used within the appropriate quality control parameters

Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clones persist on hospital inanimate surfaces

ABSTRACT Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most frequent Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens associated with hospital-acquired infection worldwide. We briefly describe A. baumannii isolates that were recovered from surrounding ICU bed surfaces, exhibiting multidrug resistance phenotype and belonging to some widely spread clonal complexes of clinical A. baumannii isolates.

Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clones persist on hospital inanimate surfaces.

Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most frequent Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens associated with hospital-acquired infection worldwide. We briefly describe A. baumannii isolates that were recovered from surrounding ICU bed surfaces, exhibiting multidrug resistance phenotype and belonging to some widely spread clonal complexes of clinical A. baumannii isolates.

Influence of human and bovine substrate on the microleakage of two adhesive systems

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the marginal sealing of two adhesive systems and to analyze the influence of human and bovine substrates on marginal microleakage in enamel. Rectangular-shaped class V cavities (4 mm wide x 2 mm high x 2 mm deep) were made as follows: 8 cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of the human teeth with margins located on enamel and 16 cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of the bovine teeth. The cavities were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 8 cavities according to the adhesive system and substrate: G1 - Prime & Bond 2.1 (Dentsply)/human substrate; G2 - Adhese (Ivoclar/Vivadent)/human substrate; G3 - Prime & Bond 2.1 (Dentsply)/bovine substrate; G4 - Adhese (Ivoclar/Vivadent)/bovine substrate. The cavities were filled with microhybrid composite resin (Fillmagic) and after polishing/finishing procedures, the teeth were subjected to a thermocycling regimen of 500 cycles with 1-min immersions in water at 55° ±2°C and 5° ± 2°C. Next, the teeth were coated with two layers of nail polish to within 1 mm of the margin, submerged in a 50 percent silver nitrate solution for 2 h, rinsed thoroughly in running tap and immersed in developing solution for 8 h. The restorations were bisected resulting in 16 specimens. Microleakage was observed under a stereomicroscope at x25 and recorded using four-point (0-3) scoring system. The data were analyzed statistically by the Mann Whitney U-test at 5 percent significance level. Leakage was present in all specimens and there was statistically significant difference between the adhesive systems. Adhese self-etching system showed significantly more leakage in both substrates (human - p= 0.0001 and bovine - p= 0.0031). There was no statistically significant difference between human and bovine substrates for either of the adhesive systems based on different bonding mechanisms (Prime & Bond 2.1 - p= 0.6923 and Adhese - p= 0.6109). Neither of the...

Influence of human and bovine substrate on the microleakage of two adhesive systems.

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the marginal sealing of two adhesive systems and to analyze the influence of human and bovine substrates on marginal microleakage in enamel. Rectangular-shaped class V cavities (4 mm wide x 2 mm high x 2 mm deep) were made as follows: 8 cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of the human teeth with margins located on enamel and 16 cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of the bovine teeth. The cavities were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 8 cavities according to the adhesive system and substrate: G1--Prime & Bond 2.1 (Dentsply)/human substrate; G2--Adhese (Ivoclar/Vivadent)/human substrate; G3--Prime & Bond 2.1 (Dentsply)/bovine substrate; G4--Adhese (Ivoclar/Vivadent)/bovine substrate. The cavities were filled with microhybrid composite resin (Fillmagic) and after polishing/finishing procedures, the teeth were subjected to a thermocycling regimen of 500 cycles with 1-min immersions in water at 55 degrees+/-2 degrees C and 5 degrees+/-2 degrees C. Next, the teeth were coated with two layers of nail polish to within 1 mm of the margin, submerged in a 50% silver nitrate solution for 2 h, rinsed thoroughly in running tap and immersed in developing solution for 8 h. The restorations were bisected resulting in 16 specimens. Microleakage was observed under a stereomicroscope at x25 and recorded using four-point (0-3) scoring system. The data were analyzed statistically by the Mann Whitney U-test at 5% significance level. Leakage was present in all specimens and there was statistically significant difference between the adhesive systems. Adhese self-etching system showed significantly more leakage in both substrates (human--p= 0.0001 and bovine--p=0.0031). There was no statistically significant difference between human and bovine substrates for either of the adhesive systems based on different bonding mechanisms (Prime & Bond 2.1--p= 0.6923 and Adhese--p= 0.6109). Neither of the adhesive systems was capable to completely prevent microleakage and the self-etching system was more susceptible to microleakage.

Effect of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of microhybrid composites

The use of composite resins in dentistry is well accepted for restoring anterior and posterior teeth. Many polishing protocols have been evaluated for their effect on the surface roughness of restorative materials. This study compared the effect of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of microhybrid composites. Thirty-six specimens were prepared for each composite $#91;Charisma® (Heraeus Kulzer), Fill Magic® (Vigodent), TPH Spectrum® (Dentsply), Z100® (3M/ESPE) and Z250® (3M/ESPE)] and submitted to surface treatment with Enhance® and PoGo® (Dentsply) points, sequential Sof-Lex XT® aluminum oxide disks (3M/ESPE), and felt disks (TDV) combined with Excel® diamond polishing paste (TDV). Average surface roughness (Ra) was measured with a mechanical roughness tester. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with repetition of the factorial design and the Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.01). The F-test result for treatments and resins was high (p<0.0001 for both), indicating that the effect of the treatment applied to the specimen surface and the effect of the type of resin on surface roughness was highly significant. Regarding the interaction between polishing system and type of resin used, a p value of 0.0002 was obtained, indicating a statistically significant difference. A Ra of 1.3663 was obtained for the Sof-Lex/TPH Spectrum interaction. In contrast, the Ra for the felt disk+paste/Z250 interactions was 0.1846. In conclusion, Sof-Lex polishing system produced a higher surface roughness on TPH Spectrum resin when compared to the other interactions.

Effect of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of microhybrid composites.

The use of composite resins in dentistry is well accepted for restoring anterior and posterior teeth. Many polishing protocols have been evaluated for their effect on the surface roughness of restorative materials. This study compared the effect of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of microhybrid composites. Thirty-six specimens were prepared for each composite $#91;Charisma (Heraeus Kulzer), Fill Magic (Vigodent), TPH Spectrum (Dentsply), Z100 (3M/ESPE) and Z250 (3M/ESPE)] and submitted to surface treatment with Enhance and PoGo (Dentsply) points, sequential Sof-Lex XT aluminum oxide disks (3M/ESPE), and felt disks (TDV) combined with Excel diamond polishing paste (TDV). Average surface roughness (Ra) was measured with a mechanical roughness tester. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with repetition of the factorial design and the Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.01). The F-test result for treatments and resins was high (p<0.0001 for both), indicating that the effect of the treatment applied to the specimen surface and the effect of the type of resin on surface roughness was highly significant. Regarding the interaction between polishing system and type of resin used, a p value of 0.0002 was obtained, indicating a statistically significant difference. A Ra of 1.3663 was obtained for the Sof-Lex/TPH Spectrum interaction. In contrast, the Ra for the felt disk+paste/Z250 interactions was 0.1846. In conclusion, Sof-Lex polishing system produced a higher surface roughness on TPH Spectrum resin when compared to the other interactions.

A doença periodontal como fator de risco para os acidentescerebrovasculares / Periodontal disease as risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents

Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares, entre elas osacidentes vasculares cerebrais, são responsáveis por 20% detodas as mortes anualmente. Estudos têm evidenciado a associaçãodas doenças periodontais com fatores inerentes ao hospedeirocomo fumo, doenças sistêmicas, estresse, obesidade e outros.Recentemente, a doença periodontal tem sido estudada como fatorde risco para a ocorrência de acidentes vasculares cerebrais.Objetivo: Analisar a relação existente entre acidente vascularcerebral e doenças periodontais, através de evidências da literaturauma vez que ambas as doenças são de grande prevalência nasociedade atual.Conclusão: Apesar de estudos mostrarem evidências da doençaperiodontal como fator de risco para os acidentes vascularescerebrais, os mecanismos biológicos que ligam as duas doençasainda não estão totalmente esclarecidos. Estudos adicionais devemser realizados para esclarecer esta associação, bem como medidaspreventivas devem ser realizadas, visando prevenir a ocorrênciade ambas as doenças.

Levantamento das biopsias da cavidade oral realizadas no Hospital Universitário - Unidade Presidente Dutra-UFMA da cidade de São Luís - MA, no período de 1992 a 2002 / Survey oral cavity biopsies in the University Hospital(UFMA)- Presidente Dutra's Unity, in São Luis, During the periodo of 1992 -2002

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento das lesões orais do Hospital Universitário - Unidade Presidente Dutra, da UFMA, no período de 1992 a 2002, sendo analisadas 295 fichas clínicas com seus respectivos laudos de diagnóstico histopatológico. Foram avaliadas a freqüência das lesões orais examinadas, a localização anatômica e a distribuição das mesmas quanto ao tipo, sexo e idade. Cada caso foi classificado em onze diferentes grupos, apresentando-se número e índice percentual das lesões de maiores ocorrências. Os resultados demonstraram um predomínio das lesões proliferativas não neoplásicas, com sessenta casos; a hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória representou a entidade mais comum, sendo o sexo feminino mais envolvido e na primeira década de vida ocorreu um maior percentual de casos