Bem-Estar Subjetivo e Autoestima de pessoas em tratamento hemodialítico / Subjective well-being and self-esteem of people undergoing hemodialysis

A Doença Renal Crônica é progressiva e permanente, ocasiona perdas funcionais e interferências psicológicas que culminam sob o desgaste pessoal e implicam na modificação do cotidiano. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os níveis de bem-estar subjetivo e autoestima de pessoas em tratamento hemodialítico, e identificar a relação entre esses construtos. Estudo quantitativo transversal, envolvendo 152 pessoas, em um Centro de Nefrologia. Os dados foram recolhidos utilizando questionário sociodemográfico, as Escalas de Bem-Estar Subjetivo e Autoestima. Para o estudo da associação do bem-estar subjetivo com a autoestima foi aplicado o Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson; para associação com as variáveis sociodemográficas foram aplicados os testes estatísticos: Teste T de Student; Análise da Variância, Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman. Houve predomínio do sexo masculino (65,1%), média de idade 55,3 (±13,6), casados (36,2%) com renda familiar de 1 a 5 salários mínimos e ensino médio completo (36,9%). Em relação ao Bem-estar subjetivo, constatou-se nível satisfatório de afetos positivos e baixa expressão de afetos negativos e maior nível de satisfação com a vida. O escore médio da autoestima foi de 29,63, indicando índices satisfatórios e correlações significativas. Constatou-se uma correlação positiva forte, significativa e proporcional, quanto maior o bem-estar subjetivo da pessoa, maior foi autoestima, e identificaram a associação com sexo, idade, estado civil, renda familiar e grau de escolaridade. A renda familiar apresentou relação com todas as dimensões dos construtos.

Chronic Kidney Disease is progressive and permanent, causing functional losses and psychological interference that culminate under personal exhaustion and imply a change in daily life. The objective of the study was to assess the levels of subjective well-being and self-esteem of people undergoing hemodialysis, and to identify the relationship between these constructs. This was a cross-sectional quantitative study, involving 152 people, in a Nephrology Center. Data were collected using a sociodemographic survey and the Subjective Well-Being and Self-Esteem Scales, respectively. Pearson's Correlation Coefficient was applied to study the association of subjective well-being with self-esteem; for association with sociodemographic variables, the following statistical tests were applied: Student's T test; Analysis of Variance, Spearman's Correlation Coefficient. There was a predominance of males (65.1%), average age 55.3 years old (± 13.6), married (36.2%) with a family income of 1 to 5 minimum wages, and complete high school education (36.9%). In relation to subjective well-being, there was a satisfactory level of positive feelings, and low expression of negative feelings, and a higher level of satisfaction with life. The average self-esteem score was 29.63, indicating satisfactory indices and significant correlations. A strong, significant, and proportional positive correlation was found. The greater the person's subjective well-being, the greater their self-esteem was, and an association with sex, age, marital status, family income, and education level was identified. Family income was related to all dimensions of the constructs.

A review of Euryoryzomys legatus (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae): morphological redescription, cytogenetics, and molecular phylogeny.

The taxonomic history of Euryoryzomys legatus has been complex and controversial, being either included in the synonymy of other oryzomyine species or considered as a valid species, as in the most recent review of the genus. Previous phylogenetic analyses segregated E. legatus from E. russatus, its putative senior synonym, but recovered it nested within E. nitidus. A general lack of authoritative evaluation of morphological attributes, details of the chromosome complement, or other data types has hampered the ability to choose among alternative taxonomic hypotheses, and thus reach a general consensus for the status of the taxon. Herein we revisit the status of E. legatus using an integrated approach that includes: (1) a morphological review, especially centered on specimens from northwestern Argentina not examined previously, (2) comparative cytogenetics, and (3) phylogenetic reconstruction, using mitochondrial genes. Euryoryzomys legatus is morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from all other species-level taxa in the genus, but its 2n=80, FN=86 karyotype is shared with E. emmonsae, E. nitidus, and E. russatus. Several morphological and morphometric characters distinguish E. legatus from other species of Euryoryzomys, and we provide an amended diagnosis for the species. Morphological characters useful in distinguishing E. legatus from E. nitidus, its sister taxon following molecular analyses, include: larger overall size, dorsal fur with a strong yellowish brown to orange brown tinge, flanks and cheeks with an orange lateral line, ventral color grayish-white with pure white hairs present only on the chin, presence of a thin blackish eye-ring, tail bicolored, presence of an alisphenoid strut and a well-developed temporal and lambdoid crests in the skull, and a labial cingulum on M3. Molecular phylogenetic analyses recovered E. legatus as a monophyletic group with high support nested within a paraphyletic E. nitidus; genetic distances segregated members of both species, except for an exemplar of E. nitidus. Our integrated analyses reinforce E. legatus as a full species, but highlight that E. macconnelli, E. emmonsae, and E. nitidus each may be a species complex and worthy of systematic attention. Finally, we also evaluated the chromosome evolution of the genus within a phylogenetic context.

A review of Euryoryzomys legatus (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae): morphological redescription, cytogenetics, and molecular phylogeny

The taxonomic history of Euryoryzomys legatus has been complex and controversial, being either included in the synonymy of other oryzomyine species or considered as a valid species, as in the most recent review of the genus. Previous phylogenetic analyses segregated E. legatus from E. russatus, its putative senior synonym, but recovered it nested within E. nitidus. A general lack of authoritative evaluation of morphological attributes, details of the chromosome complement, or other data types has hampered the ability to choose among alternative taxonomic hypotheses, and thus reach a general consensus for the status of the taxon. Herein we revisit the status of E. legatus using an integrated approach that includes: (1) a morphological review, especially centered on specimens from northwestern Argentina not examined previously, (2) comparative cytogenetics, and (3) phylogenetic reconstruction, using mitochondrial genes. Euryoryzomys legatus is morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from all other species-level taxa in the genus, but its 2n=80, FN=86 karyotype is shared with E. emmonsae, E. nitidus, and E. russatus. Several morphological and morphometric characters distinguish E. legatus from other species of Euryoryzomys, and we provide an amended diagnosis for the species. Morphological characters useful in distinguishing E. legatus from E. nitidus, its sister taxon following molecular analyses, include: larger overall size, dorsal fur with a strong yellowish brown to orange brown tinge, flanks and cheeks with an orange lateral line, ventral color grayish-white with pure white hairs present only on the chin, presence of a thin blackish eye-ring, tail bicolored, presence of an alisphenoid strut and a well-developed temporal and lambdoid crests in the skull, and a labial cingulum on M3. Molecular phylogenetic analyses recovered E. legatus as a monophyletic group with high support nested within a paraphyletic E. nitidus; genetic distances segregated members of both species, except for an exemplar of E. nitidus. Our integrated analyses reinforce E. legatus as a full species, but highlight that E. macconnelli, E. emmonsae, and E. nitidus each may be a species complex and worthy of systematic attention. Finally, we also evaluated the chromosome evolution of the genus within a phylogenetic context.

Prevalence and factors associated with coinfection of human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis in adolescents and young women.

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis share the same route of sexual transmission and possess similar risk factors, indicating that coinfection may act synergistically in the induction of epithelial cell abnormalities. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis in adolescents and young women and identify factors associated with coinfection. STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study included 276 female participants, aged 15-24 years, who were sexually active. Interviews were conducted and cervical specimens were collected for cervical smears and molecular tests. All cervical specimens were tested for 27 human papillomavirus genotypes by polymerase chain reaction amplification and hybridization to a human papillomavirus linear array. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis was performed by polymerase chain reaction using primers directed to the region encoding the cryptic plasmid. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the factors associated with coinfection with human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis. The odds ratio, the adjusted odds ratio, and the 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS: The prevalence of infection by Chlamydia trachomatis and human papillomavirus was 9.1% (95% confidence interval, 5.61-12.4) and 47.1% (95% confidence interval, 41.0-53.2), respectively. The prevalence of coinfection with human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis was 5.8% (95% confidence interval, 3.3-9.2); coinfection with 1 human papillomavirus type was 3.3% (95% confidence interval, 1.5-6.1) and with multiple types was 2.5% (95% confidence interval, 1.0-5.2). The prevalence of cytological abnormalities was 12.3% (95% confidence interval, 8.6-16.79). Human papillomavirus infections of high oncogenic risk were more prevalent (85.4%). Factors independently associated with coinfection of human papillomavirus/Chlamydia trachomatis obtained by multivariate analysis were the initiation of sexual activity under 16 years of age with an an odds ratio of 4.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-23.63; P = .05) and cytological abnormalities with an odds ratio of 10.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.9-59.5; P = .01), which indicates there is risk for the detection of cytological abnormalities in adolescents and young women coinfected with human papillomavirus/Chlamydia trachomatis. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of coinfection among our study population was of a magnitude that warrants attention by public health services. Adolescents and young women should be monitored for Chlamydia trachomatis infection and vaccinated against human papillomavirus. The association between cytological abnormalities and coinfection with human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis indicates the potential synergistic role of these infections in carcinogenesis of the cervix.

Determinação da composição físico-química de produtos lácteos: estudo exploratório de comparação dos resultados obtidos por metodologia oficial e por ultra-som / Determination of the physical-chemical composition of dairy products: exploratory study to compare the results obtained by classic methodology and by ultra-sound

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo comparar os métodos oficiais de determinação físico-química de produtos lácteos (extrato seco desengordurado, proteína, gordura e densidade) com metodologia de ultra-som. Foram analisados diferentes leites (integral e desnatado, convencional e orgânico), leites fermentados comerciais, bases lácteas para leites fermentados e soro de queijo, totalizando vinte produtos lácteos de características diferentes. O método por ultra-som é rápido e os resultados obtidos correlacionam-se àqueles das análises oficiais. Entretanto, é necessário o emprego de um perfil específico através da calibração do equipamento com base nas informações das análises oficiais. Os resultados deste trabalho exploratório sugerem a necessidade de se realizar um estudo com grande número de amostras a fim de validar as conclusões obtidas. As evidências descritas neste artigo são importantes para a indústria brasileira de produtos lácteos.

The present paper aims to compare the official methods of physical-chemical determination of dairy products (defatted dry matter, protein, fat and density) with methodology using ultra-sound. Different products were analyzed: milks (integral and skimmed conventional and organic), commercial fermented milks and dairy milk bases prepared in laboratory and whey totalizing twenty dairy products of different characteristics. The method using ultra-sound is fast and the results are correlated with those of the official analyses. However, the operator of the equipment should be attentive to employ a specific profile of the equipment according to the analysis to be carried out and, to calibrate the equipment based in the information obtained by the official analyses. The results of this exploratory article suggest the need to perform a study with a great number of samples in order to validate the obtained conclusions. The evidences described in this article are important for the Brazilian industry of dairy products.

Avaliação do perfil de acidificação e viabilidade de bactérias probióticas em misturas leite-soro para elaboração de bebidas lácteas utilizando soro de queijo Minas frescal / Profile evaluation acidification and viability of probiotic bacteria in milk-whey mixtures for beverage production using whey Minas frescal cheese

A tecnologia de fabricação de bebidas lácteas envolve a mistura de leite e soro, podendo ser fermentada por bactérias do iogurte ou probióticas e adicionada de polpa de fruta e outros aditivos permitidos. O produto final deve conter bactérias lácticas viáveis em número adequado. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram desenvolver bebidas lácteas probióticas a partir das misturas leite-soro e estudar sua vida-de-prateleira. O efeito da composição da cultura probiótica (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus e Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis em co-cultura com Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus) e o efeito do pH final da fermentação na cinética de acidificação, pós-acidificação e contagem de bactérias probióticas foram estudados em soro de queijo Minas frescal e em diferentes misturas leite-soro. Bebidas lácteas probióticas foram desenvolvidas a partir das diferentes misturas leite-soro e a vida-de-prateleira foi determinada ao longo de 28 dias de armazenamento do produto a 4°C. As características dos produtos foram seguidas pelas determinações físico-químicas, microbiológicas e sensoriais. O soro apresentou efeito positivo sobre a velocidade máxima das co-culturas estudadas, bem como as diferentes composições das co-culturas influenciaram o parâmetro estudado. Todas as culturas apresentaram contagens maiores em pH final de fermentação 4,5, quando comparadas às obtidas em pH 5,5. A co-cultura StLb foi a mais rápida a fermentar os diferentes meios estudados e, a StLr, a mais lenta. Com a adição de açúcar e de estabilizante, os parâmetros cinéticos mostraram comportamento diferenciado daqueles obtidos em misturas leite-soro. Nas bebidas lácteas, as contagens de B. lactis mantiveram-se acima do limite exigido pela legislação até 28 dias de armazenamento do produto refrigerado. A pós-acidificação, cor e reologia variaram durante o período de armazenamento, influenciando a análise sensorial, cujos atributos obtiveram maior aceitação em bebidas elaboradas com 10% de sólidos lácteos. Os resultados indicaram que a bebida láctea elaborada com a co-cultura StBl foi a melhor alternativa para desenvolvimento de uma bebida funcional com boas características sensoriais

The technology of production of lactic beverages involves the mixture of milk fermented by yoghurt or probiotic bacteria and whey in appropriate proportions, and the addition of fruit pulp and other allowed additives. The final product should contain viable lactic bacteria in appropriate counts. The objective of this work was to develop a probiotic lactic beverage from milk-whey mixtures and to study its shelf-life. The effect of the composition of the probiotic culture (Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis in co-culture with Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus) and the effect of the pH of the end of fermentation in the acidification kinetics, post-acidification and counts of probiotic bacteria were studied in Minas frescal cheese whey and in different mixtures milk-whey. Probiotic lactic beverages were developed from different milk-whey mixtures and the shelf-life was determined along 28 days of storage of the product at 4°C. The characteristics of the products were followed by determination of post-acidification, total acidity, color, rheology, probiotic viability and sensorial analysis. Whey presented positive effect on maximum acidification rates of the studied co-cultures, as well as the different compositions of the co-cultures influenced the studied parameter. All cultures presented higher counts when fermentation was stopped at pH 4.5, when compared to pH 5.5. The co-culture StLb presented the fast acidification performance while StLr, the slowest. The addition of sucrose and stabilizer affected the acidification kinetic parameters. In probiotic lactic beverages, counts of B. lactis were higher than the limit required by the legislation until 28 days of cool storage of the product. The post-acidification, color and rheological parameters varied during shelf-life, influencing the sensorial analysis, whose attributes obtained higher acceptance in the elaborated beverage with 10% of total solids. The results indicated that the lactic beverage elaborated with the co-culture StBl was the best alternative for development of a functional lactic beverage with good sensorial characteristics