Maternal and paternal licit and illicit drug use, smoking and drinking and autism spectrum disorder. / Transtorno do espectro do autismo e o uso materno e paterno de medicamentos, tabaco, álcool e drogas ilícitas.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between maternal and paternal licit and illicit drug use, smoking and drinking and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We conducted a case-control study with children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD and neurotypical individuals. The data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire administered during interviews with the children's mothers or guardians. The following variables were analyzed: child sex and age; maternal and parental age; use of medicines before and during pregnancy; classes of medicines used during pregnancy; maternal and paternal smoking; maternal and paternal drinking; maternal and paternal illicit drug use. The data were analyzed using logistic regression and crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR). After adjustment, the results showed an association between maternal use of antipyretics/pain killers during pregnancy (OR = 2.26; 95%CI 1.29-3.95; p < 0.040) and ASD. No association was found between maternal and paternal smoking, drinking and illicit drug use before and during pregnancy and ASD. The findings suggest that the development of ASD is influenced by environmental factors.

O presente estudo objetivou investigar a associação entre o TEA e o uso materno e paterno de medicamentos, tabaco, álcool e drogas ilícitas. Trata-se de um estudo caso-controle realizado com crianças e adolescentes diagnosticados com TEA e indivíduos neurotípicos. Os dados foram colhidos por meio de entrevista com as mães ou responsáveis. Foram analisadas as variáveis sexo e idade das crianças/adolescentes; idade dos pais; uso de medicamentos antes e durante a gestação; classes de medicamentos usados na gestação; tabagismo materno e paterno; etilismo materno e paterno; uso de drogas ilícitas pelos pais. Para a análise das informações, utilizou-se o modelo de regressão logística, além da razão de chances (OR) bruta e ajustada. Os resultados mostraram que, após os ajustes, foi encontrada associação entre o uso materno na gestação de antitérmicos/analgésicos (OR = 2,26; IC95% 1,29-3,95; p < 0,040) com o TEA. Já o uso de tabaco, álcool e drogas ilícitas materno e paterno, antes e durante a gestação, não apontou relação com o TEA. Os dados encontrados sugerem que existe influência de fatores ambientais no desenvolvimento do TEA.

Retinoblastoma treatment in a Brazilian population. Presentation and long-term results.

INTRODUCTION: Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor with a high cure potential when proper therapy is used. The purpose of this paper is to report the clinical features and outcomes of patients with retinoblastoma who were treated with a combination of local and systemic chemotherapy-based protocols. METHOD: We retrospectively studied patients treated with systemic chemotherapy plus local treatment between 2003 and 2015 with a follow-up ≥2 years. We correlated clinical and pathological characteristics with decimal visual acuity (VA) and death. RESULTS: Among 119 patients, 60% had unilateral disease (UNI), and 52% were male. The median presentation age was 19.5 months, 10% had a positive family history, and the most frequent sign was leukocoria (68.8%). Advanced disease was more frequent in eyes with UNI (98.4%) than in eyes with bilateral retinoblastoma (BIL: 55.3%). Enucleation was performed in 97% of UNI eyes and in 55.8% of BIL eyes. The overall globe salvage was 26.6%, 44.25% of BIL eyes. Bilateral enucleation was required in 5%. High-risk pathologic features occurred in 50% and 37% of eyes enucleated without and with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, respectively. High-risk features were related to the presence of goniosynechiae in the pathologic specimen and were more frequent in children younger than 10 months or older than 40 months. Extraocular disease was present in 5% of patients, and the death rate related to metastasis of the tumor was 8%. The final VA was ≥ 0.7 in 72.8% and ≥0.1 in 91% of BIL patients. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of retinoblastoma with conservative systemic-based chemotherapy was associated with an excellent survival rate (92%). Albeit the low overall globe salvage rate, in BIL patients, approximately half the eyes were conserved, and a satisfactory functional visual result was achieved The evaluated protocol is an important treatment option, especially in developing countries.

Transtorno do espectro do autismo e o uso materno e paterno de medicamentos, tabaco, álcool e drogas ilícitas / Maternal and paternal licit and illicit drug use, smoking and drinking and autism spectrum disorder

Resumo O presente estudo objetivou investigar a associação entre o TEA e o uso materno e paterno de medicamentos, tabaco, álcool e drogas ilícitas. Trata-se de um estudo caso-controle realizado com crianças e adolescentes diagnosticados com TEA e indivíduos neurotípicos. Os dados foram colhidos por meio de entrevista com as mães ou responsáveis. Foram analisadas as variáveis sexo e idade das crianças/adolescentes; idade dos pais; uso de medicamentos antes e durante a gestação; classes de medicamentos usados na gestação; tabagismo materno e paterno; etilismo materno e paterno; uso de drogas ilícitas pelos pais. Para a análise das informações, utilizou-se o modelo de regressão logística, além da razão de chances (OR) bruta e ajustada. Os resultados mostraram que, após os ajustes, foi encontrada associação entre o uso materno na gestação de antitérmicos/analgésicos (OR = 2,26; IC95% 1,29-3,95; p < 0,040) com o TEA. Já o uso de tabaco, álcool e drogas ilícitas materno e paterno, antes e durante a gestação, não apontou relação com o TEA. Os dados encontrados sugerem que existe influência de fatores ambientais no desenvolvimento do TEA.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the association between maternal and paternal licit and illicit drug use, smoking and drinking and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We conducted a case-control study with children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD and neurotypical individuals. The data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire administered during interviews with the children's mothers or guardians. The following variables were analyzed: child sex and age; maternal and parental age; use of medicines before and during pregnancy; classes of medicines used during pregnancy; maternal and paternal smoking; maternal and paternal drinking; maternal and paternal illicit drug use. The data were analyzed using logistic regression and crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR). After adjustment, the results showed an association between maternal use of antipyretics/pain killers during pregnancy (OR = 2.26; 95%CI 1.29-3.95; p < 0.040) and ASD. No association was found between maternal and paternal smoking, drinking and illicit drug use before and during pregnancy and ASD. The findings suggest that the development of ASD is influenced by environmental factors.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia in childhood and adolescence: treatment results of a modified AIDA protocol at a Brazilian center

ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute promyelocytic leukemia currently presents an excellent chance of cure with protocols based on all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and anthracycline or only differentiation agents. However, high early mortality rates continue to be reported Methods: Between 2000 and 2018, patients were enrolled and retrospectively analyzed by medical records. A modified AIDA protocol, with a 1-year shortening of the treatment duration, reduction in the number of drugs and a strategy to reduce early mortality by the postponement of the initiation of anthracyclines were employed. Overall and event-free survival rates and toxicity were analyzed Results: Thirty-two patients were enrolled, of whom 56% were female, with a median age of 12 years and 34% belonged to the high-risk group. Two patients had the hypogranular variant and three had another cytogenetic alteration, in addition to the t(15;17). The median start of the first anthracycline dose was 7 days. There were two early deaths (6%) due to central nervous system (CNS) bleeding. All patients achieved molecular remission after the consolidation phase. Two children relapsed and were rescued by arsenic trioxide and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The presence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) at diagnosis (p = 0.03) was the only factor with survival impact. The five-year event-free survival (EFS) was 84% and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 90% Conclusion: The survival results were comparable to those found in the AIDA protocol, with a low rate of early mortality in relation to the Brazilian reality.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia in childhood and adolescence: treatment results of a modified AIDA protocol at a Brazilian center.

INTRODUCTION: Acute promyelocytic leukemia currently presents an excellent chance of cure with protocols based on all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and anthracycline or only differentiation agents. However, high early mortality rates continue to be reported METHODS: Between 2000 and 2018, patients were enrolled and retrospectively analyzed by medical records. A modified AIDA protocol, with a 1-year shortening of the treatment duration, reduction in the number of drugs and a strategy to reduce early mortality by the postponement of the initiation of anthracyclines were employed. Overall and event-free survival rates and toxicity were analyzed RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were enrolled, of whom 56% were female, with a median age of 12 years and 34% belonged to the high-risk group. Two patients had the hypogranular variant and three had another cytogenetic alteration, in addition to the t(15;17). The median start of the first anthracycline dose was 7 days. There were two early deaths (6%) due to central nervous system (CNS) bleeding. All patients achieved molecular remission after the consolidation phase. Two children relapsed and were rescued by arsenic trioxide and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The presence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) at diagnosis (p = 0.03) was the only factor with survival impact. The five-year event-free survival (EFS) was 84% and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 90% CONCLUSION: The survival results were comparable to those found in the AIDA protocol, with a low rate of early mortality in relation to the Brazilian reality.

Pandemia da Covid-19: um evento traumático para estudantes de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde? / The Covid-19 pandemic: a traumatic event for health and biological science students?

Resumo: Introdução: Os universitários de Ciências da Saúde se tornaram especialmente afetados pela pandemia do vírus Sars-CoV-2. As angústias intrinsicamente relacionadas à Covid-19 foram somadas aos impactos referentes às mudanças acontecidas nas instituições acadêmicas, particularmente a mudança para o ensino on-line, uma metodologia que pode gerar desconforto aos estudantes, além de vários obstáculos relacionados ao ensino e à aprendizagem, o que pode ter repercussões traumáticas importantes na saúde mental dessa população. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a carga mental provocada pela pandemia da Covid-19, como um evento traumático ao ponto de desencadear transtornos psiquiátricos, como o transtorno do estresse pós-traumático (Tept), em universitários. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e quantitativo, com orientação analítico-descritiva, mediante preenchimento de formulário digital anônimo, iniciado após prévia aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Os sujeitos foram estudantes de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde de uma universidade estadual localizada na Região Sudeste do Brasil. A amostra foi constituída por 618 estudantes. Resultado: Foram respondidos 618 formulários pelos estudantes que pertenciam aos cursos de Educação Física (28,8%), Medicina (25,4%), Odontologia (18,1%), Ciências Biológicas (15,2%) e Enfermagem (12,5%). A presença de sintomas de estresse pós-traumático verificados pela Escala de Impacto do Evento-Revisada (IES-R) obteve prevalência de 32,7% (n = 202) entre os estudantes universitários das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Conclusão: Houve impacto significativo na saúde mental dos universitários com presença de sintomas depressivos, ansiedade e estresse acima dos encontrados na literatura científica, e, consequentemente, constatou-se alta na prevalência do Tept.

Abstract: Introduction: Health Sciences university students were especially affected by the Sars-CoV-2 virus pandemic. The anxieties intrinsically related to Covid-19 were added to the impacts related to the changes that have taken place in academic institutions, particularly the change to online teaching, a methodology that can generate discomfort for students, in addition to several obstacles related to teaching and learning, which can have important traumatic effects on the mental health of this population. Objective: To assess the mental health burden caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, as a traumatic event capable of triggering psychiatric disorders, such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), in university students. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and quantitative study, of analytical-descriptive nature, carried out by filling out an anonymous digital form, initiated after prior approval by the Research Ethics Committee. The subjects were students of Biological and Health Sciences at a State University located in the southeastern region of Brazil. The sample consisted of 618 students. Results: 618 forms were answered by students attending the courses of Physical Education (28.8%), Medicine (25.4%), Dentistry (18.1%), Biological Sciences (15.2%) and Nursing (12.5%). The presence of post-traumatic stress symptoms assessed by the Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) obtained a prevalence of 32.7% (n = 202) among university students from Biological and Health Sciences courses. Conclusions: There was a significant impact on the mental health of university students, with the presence of depressive symptoms, anxiety and stress above those found in the scientific literature and, consequently, a high prevalence of PTSD.

Importância do agente comunitário de saúde nas ações da Estratégia Saúde da Família: revisão integrativa / Role of the community health agent in Family Health Strategy actions: an integrative review / Importancia del agente comunitario de salud en las acciones de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar: revisión integradora

Esta revisão integrativa analisa o papel do agente comunitário de saúde (ACS) e os fatores associados ao trabalho desenvolvido na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). A busca de estudos foi realizada no portal da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), incluindo as bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Base de Dados em Enfermagem (Bdenf). Incluíram-se estudos primários publicados entre 2016 e 2021, com textos completos, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Excluíram-se protocolos, normas técnicas e outras revisões. Os estudos elegíveis foram avaliados na íntegra para a sumarização de dados e classificação dos níveis de evidências A busca inicial obteve 578 estudos. Destes, excluíram-se 44 duplicados, restando 534 para leitura de títulos e resumos. Foram selecionados 29 para leitura na íntegra, excluindo-se dez por não responderem à questão de pesquisa. A amostra foi constituída por 19 estudos. O trabalho do ACS baseia-se principalmente em ações de visita domiciliar, cadastramento e acompanhamento da população adstrita em seu território de atuação. Tal profissional contribui de forma significativa para a melhoria das condições de saúde da população, pois serve de elo entre a equipe de saúde e a comunidade, possibilitando maior acesso da população aos serviços ofertados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).

This integrative review analyzes the role of community health agents (CHA) and factors associated with the work developed by the Family Health Strategy (FHS). Bibliographic search was conducted on the Virtual Health Library (VHL), including the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and Base de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF) databases. Primary studies published in Portuguese, English and Spanish between 2016 and 2021, and available in full were included. Protocols, technical standards, and other reviews were excluded. Eligible studies were assessed in full for data summarization and classification of the levels of evidence Initial search identified 578 studies, of which 44 duplicates were excluded. A total of 534 papers had their title and abstract read. Of these 29 were selected for full reading and 10 were excluded for not answering the research question, resulting in a final sample with 19 studies. CHA work consists mainly in home visits, registration, and monitoring of the population in their territory, contributing significantly to improve people's health conditions, since they serve as a link between the health team and the community, providing greater user access to Unified Health System (SUS) services.

Esta revisión integradora analiza el papel del agente comunitario de salud (ACS) y los factores asociados al trabajo desarrollado en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar (ESF). La búsqueda de estudios se realizó en el portal de Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), incluyendo las bases de datos Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) y Base de Datos en Enfermería (BDENF). Se incluyeron estudios primarios publicados entre 2016 y 2021, con textos completos en los idiomas portugués, inglés y español. Se excluyeron los protocolos, las normas técnicas y otras revisiones. Los estudios elegibles se evaluaron en su totalidad para sintetizar los datos y clasificar los niveles de evidencia La búsqueda inicial obtuvo 578 estudios. De estos, se excluyeron 44 duplicados, quedando 534 para la lectura de títulos y resúmenes. Se seleccionaron 29 para su lectura íntegra, excluyendo diez por no responder a la pregunta de investigación. La muestra estaba formada por 19 estudios. El trabajo de las ACS se basa principalmente en acciones de visita domiciliaria, registro y seguimiento de la población en su territorio de actuación. Ese profesional contribuye significativamente para la mejoría de las condiciones de salud de la población, pues sirve de enlace entre el equipo de salud y la comunidad, posibilitando un mayor acceso de la población a los servicios de salud ofrecidos por el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS).

Estudo de propriedades psicométricas do M-chat no Brasil / Study of M-chat psychometric proprieties in Brazil / Estudio de las propiedades psicométricas de M-chat en Brasil

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-Chat) em crianças de 24 a 36 meses de idade com (Grupo 1/n = 88) e sem (Grupo 2/n = 1116) o transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA). Avaliou-se a consistência interna e estimou-se a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo (VPP), valor preditivo negativo (VPN). Além disso, construiu-se a curva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). Para avaliar a validade discriminante, comparou-se a proporção de falhas entre as crianças com e sem o TEA, utilizando o teste qui-quadrado ou teste Exato de Fisher. Comparou-se ainda o número de falhas segundo sexo, faixa etária e grupo do participante por meio do teste de Mann-Whitney. O M-Chat apresentou consistência interna elevada (0,78 e 0,86), reprodutibilidade satisfatória (Kappa de 0,6 a 0,79 e CCI = 0,87 e 0,89), alta sensibilidade (0,807 e 0,932), especificidade (0,927 e 0,706) e VPN (0,984 e 0,992), porém as estimativas do VPP (0,467 e 0,250) não foram satisfatórias. Quanto à validade discriminante, observou-se que a proporção de falhas foi significativamente maior no grupo de crianças com TEA. Observou-se também que o número de falhas foi maior entre as crianças do sexo masculino, com faixa etária de 25-36 meses e no grupo com TEA. A versão brasileira do M-Chat tem propriedades psicométricas adequadas no que se refere à confiabilidade, sensibilidade, especificidade, VPN e validade discriminante, o que torna recomendável sua aplicação para rastrear crianças com sinais do TEA.(AU)

This study aims to assess the psychometric properties of the instrument Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) in children from 24 to 36 months old with (Group 1/n = 88) and without (Group 2/n = 1116) Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Internal consistency was evaluated and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were estimated. Also, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was generated. To evaluate the discriminant validity, the proportion of flaws among children with and without ASD was assessed by applying the Chi-square test or by the Exact Fisher test. The number of flaws based on sex, age group, and participant's group was also compared with the Mann-Whitney Test. The M-CHAT showed high internal consistency (0.78 and 0.86), satisfactory reproductivity (Kappa 0.60 and 0.79 and ICC = 0.87 and 0.89), high sensibility (0.807 and 0.932), specificity (0.927 and 0.706), and NPV (0.984 and 0.992); however, PPV estimates (0.467 and 0.250) were not satisfactory. Regarding the discriminant validity, the proportion of flaws was significantly higher in the group of children with ASD. Moreover, the number of flaws was larger among boys, in the age group 25-36 months, and in the group with ASD. The Brazilian version of M-CHAT has adequate psychometric properties concerning reliability, sensitivity, specificity, NPV and discriminant validity, which makes its application recommendable to track children with ASD signs.(AU)

Ese estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) en niños de 24 a los 36 meses de edad con (grupo 1/n=88) y sin (grupo 2/n=1116) el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). Fueron evaluadas la consistencia interna y estimadas la sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo (VPP), valor predictivo negativo (VPN). Además, se construyó la curva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). Para evaluar la validad discriminante se comparó la proporción de los fracasos entre los niños con y sin TEA, utilizando el examen chi-cuadrado o la prueba exacta de Fisher. Se compararon también el número de fracasos según el sexo, edad y grupo de participantes por medio del teste Mann-Whitney. El M-CHAT presentó consistencia interna elevada (0,78 y 0,86), reproductividad satisfactoria (Kappa de 0,60 a 0,79 e CCI = 0,87 e 0,89), alta sensibilidad (0,807 e 0,932), especificidad (0,927 e 0,706) y VPN (0,984 e 0,992), pero las estimativas del VPP (0,467 e 0,250) no fueron satisfactorias. Acerca de la validad discriminante, se observó que la proporción de fallas fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de niños con TEA. El número de fracasos fue mayor entre los niños varones, de 25 a 36 meses de edad y no en el grupo con TEA. La versión brasileña del M-CHAT tiene propiedades psicométricas adecuadas en lo que concierne a la confiabilidad, sensibilidad, especificidad, VPN y validad discriminante, lo que hace que su aplicación sea recomendada para rastrear los niños con señales de TEA.(AU)

[Alcohol use, family conflicts and parental supervision among high school students]. / Uso de álcool, conflitos familiares e supervisão parental entre estudantes do ensino médio.

The association between alcohol consumption by students with family conflicts, parental supervision and quality of relationships was investigated. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,265 adolescents from 21 schools. The Brazilian version of the Drug Use Screening Inventory/DUSI was used, and absolute and relative prevalence for categorical variables was estimated, while bivariate analyses and Pearson's Chi Square test were conducted. For the magnitude of the association between the dependent and independent variables, prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson multivariate regression. There was an association between alcohol consumption and drug use by family members, frequent discussions and parental lack of awareness about adolescents' activities. Family supervision, a good relationship with parents/guardians, establishing an affective family bond and parents' knowledge about teenagers' whereabouts, were protective factors for alcohol use. The conclusion was that the high rate of schoolchildren who consume alcohol is worrying, liable to health complications in general, and a harmonized family relationship is fundamental. The implementation of measures of intervention between school and the Family Health Strategy, can contribute to the establishment of a protective bond.

Investigou-se a associação entre o consumo de álcool pelos escolares com os conflitos familiares, supervisão dos pais e qualidade dos relacionamentos. Estudo transversal realizado com 1.265 adolescentes de 21 escolas. Foi utilizada a versão brasileira do Inventário de Triagem do Uso de Drogas/DUSI e estimadas prevalências absolutas e relativas para variáveis categóricas, e conduzidas análises bivariadas: teste Qui Quadrado de Pearson. Para magnitude da associação entre a variável dependente e independentes foram estimadas razões de prevalências por meio deregressão multivariável de Poisson. Houve associação do consumo de álcool com uso de drogas por familiares, discussões frequentes e desconhecimento dos pais sobre o que os adolescentes fazem. Supervisão familiar, bom relacionamento com pais/responsáveis, estabelecimento de vínculo familiar afetivo e ciência dos pais acerca do que os adolescentes fazem e onde estão, foram fatores de proteção para uso de álcool. Concluiu-se que a alta taxa de escolares que consomem álcool é preocupante, passível de complicações da saúde na sua integralidade, sendo fundamental relação familiar harmonizada. A implementação de práticas interventivas entre escola e Estratégia de Saúde da Família, podem contribuir no estabelecimento de vínculo protetivo.

Uso de álcool, conflitos familiares e supervisão parental entre estudantes do ensino médio / Alcohol use, family conflicts and parental supervision among high school students

Resumo Investigou-se a associação entre o consumo de álcool pelos escolares com os conflitos familiares, supervisão dos pais e qualidade dos relacionamentos. Estudo transversal realizado com 1.265 adolescentes de 21 escolas. Foi utilizada a versão brasileira do Inventário de Triagem do Uso de Drogas/DUSI e estimadas prevalências absolutas e relativas para variáveis categóricas, e conduzidas análises bivariadas: teste Qui Quadrado de Pearson. Para magnitude da associação entre a variável dependente e independentes foram estimadas razões de prevalências por meio deregressão multivariável de Poisson. Houve associação do consumo de álcool com uso de drogas por familiares, discussões frequentes e desconhecimento dos pais sobre o que os adolescentes fazem. Supervisão familiar, bom relacionamento com pais/responsáveis, estabelecimento de vínculo familiar afetivo e ciência dos pais acerca do que os adolescentes fazem e onde estão, foram fatores de proteção para uso de álcool. Concluiu-se que a alta taxa de escolares que consomem álcool é preocupante, passível de complicações da saúde na sua integralidade, sendo fundamental relação familiar harmonizada. A implementação de práticas interventivas entre escola e Estratégia de Saúde da Família, podem contribuir no estabelecimento de vínculo protetivo.

Abstract The association between alcohol consumption by students with family conflicts, parental supervision and quality of relationships was investigated. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,265 adolescents from 21 schools. The Brazilian version of the Drug Use Screening Inventory/DUSI was used, and absolute and relative prevalence for categorical variables was estimated, while bivariate analyses and Pearson's Chi Square test were conducted. For the magnitude of the association between the dependent and independent variables, prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson multivariate regression. There was an association between alcohol consumption and drug use by family members, frequent discussions and parental lack of awareness about adolescents' activities. Family supervision, a good relationship with parents/guardians, establishing an affective family bond and parents' knowledge about teenagers' whereabouts, were protective factors for alcohol use. The conclusion was that the high rate of schoolchildren who consume alcohol is worrying, liable to health complications in general, and a harmonized family relationship is fundamental. The implementation of measures of intervention between school and the Family Health Strategy, can contribute to the establishment of a protective bond.

Influence of breastfeeding duration on the incidence of dental caries in preschoolers: a cohort study / Influência da duração da amamentação na incidência de cárie dentária em pré-escolares: um estudo de coorte

Abstract Objectives: investigate the association between breastfeeding duration and the incidence of severe caries in preschoolers. Methods: a cohort study was conducted with 132 pairs of mothers and children in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. Data collection was performed in 2 moments: when the children were between two and three years of age (baseline- 2013/2014) and after three years (T1-2016/2017). In both moments, children were evaluated for dental caries (International Caries Detection and Assessment System - ICDAS) and a questionnaire was administered to the mothers addressing socioeconomic aspects and thee habits of children. The outcome evaluated was the incidence of severe caries (Dentin caries - ICDAS Codes 5 and 6). Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi-squared test and Poisson hierarchical regression with robust variance. Results: children who breastfed for more than 24 months (RR = 2.24 CI95%= 1.23-4.08), those whose parents were separated (RR = 1.73 CI95%= 1.11-2.69), and those with estab-lished/severe caries (RR = 2.74 CI95%= 1.37-5.49) at baseline were at greater risk of incidence of severe caries after three years. Conclusion: breastfeeding for more than 24 months is a risk factor for incidence of severe caries. In addition, family structure and established or severe baseline caries were associated.

Resumo Objetivos: investigar a associação entre a duração da amamentação e a incidência de cárie grave em pré-escolares. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo de coorte com 132 pares de mães e crianças de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil. As crianças foram avaliadas em dois momentos: dois e três anos de idade (baseline-2013/2014) e após três anos (T1- 2016/2017). Dados socioeconómicos e relativos aos hábitos das criançasforam obtidos por meio de entrevistas com as mães e a presença de cárie dentária foi diagnosticada segundo o protocolo "International Caries Detection and Assessment System - ICDAS". O desfecho foi a incidência de cárie grave (cárie em dentina - códigos ICDAS 5 e 6). Para análise dos dados empregou-se regressão hierárquica de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: crianças que amamentaram por mais de 24 meses (RR = 2,24 IC95%= 1,234,08), cujos pais viviam separados no baseline (RR = 1,73 IC95%= 1,11-2,69) e aquelas com cárie estabelecida ou grave no baseline (RR = 2, 74 IC950%= 1,37-5,49) estavam em maior risco de incidência de cárie grave após 3 anos. Conclusão: a amamentação por mais de 24 meses foi um fator de risco para a incidência de cárie dentária grave em pré-escolares. Além disso, estrutura familiar e cárie estabelecida ou grave no baseline estiveram associados.

Involvement of the central nervous system in neuroblastomas: A potential direct pathway.

Although frequently disseminated to other anatomical sites, neuroblastoma (NB) is rarely reported as involving the central nervous system (CNS), which may reflect insufficient research in poorly controlled systemic disease. Here we demonstrate the involvement of the CNS in patients with NB over 18 months of age at diagnosis of extensive systemic disease. Meningeal metastases were observed even in the presence of complete systemic control. Although no improvement in patient's survival was observed, radiotherapy was effective in preventing CNS recurrence after observation of actual or previous dural disease. In conclusion, this study uncovered the uncommon pathologic involvement of the CNS in children with advanced NB and underscores the meningeal surface as a potential pathway for this to occur.

Autism spectrum disorder and postnatal factors: a case-control study in brazil / Transtorno do espectro do autismo e fatores pós-natais: um estudo de caso controle no brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the magnitude of the association between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and postnatal factors in a Brazilian population. Methods: A case-control study was performed with 253 individuals diagnosed with ASD and 886 individuals without signs of the disorder. A semi-structured questionnaire and the multiple logistic regression model were adopted in the data analysis. To estimate the magnitude of associations, the crude and adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) was used. Results: An association with the following factors was found: having been born with congenital malformation (OR 4.24; confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI 1.92-9.34), neonatal jaundice (OR 1.43; 95%CI 1.01-2.02), absence of crying at birth and seizure episode in childhood (OR 5.75; 95%CI 3.37-9.81). The magnitude of the association was higher in the children/adolescents who had two or more postnatal complications (OR 6.39; 95%CI 4.10-10.00). Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest that malformation, neonatal jaundice, absence of crying at birth and seizure episodes in childhood are important factors to be considered when studying the etiology of ASD.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar, em uma população brasileira, a magnitude da associação entre o transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA) e os fatores pós-natais. Métodos: Estudo de caso controle realizado com 253 indivíduos com diagnóstico do TEA e 886 sem sinais do transtorno. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado e adotou-se o modelo de regressão logística múltipla na análise dos dados. Para estimar a magnitude das associações, utilizou-se a razão de chances (Odds Ratio - OR) bruta e ajustada. Resultados: Encontrou-se associação de TEA com os seguintes fatores: ter nascido com má-formação congênita (OR 4,24; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95% 1,92-9,34), icterícia neonatal (OR 1,43; IC95% 1,01-2,02), ausência de choro ao nascer (OR 1,97; IC95% 1,20-3,23) e episódio de convulsão na infância (OR 5,75; IC95% 3,37-9,81). A magnitude da associação foi maior nas crianças/adolescentes que tiveram duas ou mais complicações pós-natais (OR 6,39; IC95% 4,10-10,00). Conclusões: Os achados do presente estudo sugerem que má-formação, icterícia neonatal, ausência de choro ao nascer e episódios de convulsão na infância são fatores importantes a serem considerados ao estudar a etiologia do TEA.

AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER AND POSTNATAL FACTORS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN BRAZIL.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the magnitude of the association between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and postnatal factors in a Brazilian population. METHODS: A case-control study was performed with 253 individuals diagnosed with ASD and 886 individuals without signs of the disorder. A semi-structured questionnaire and the multiple logistic regression model were adopted in the data analysis. To estimate the magnitude of associations, the crude and adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) was used. RESULTS: An association with the following factors was found: having been born with congenital malformation (OR 4.24; confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI 1.92-9.34), neonatal jaundice (OR 1.43; 95%CI 1.01-2.02), absence of crying at birth and seizure episode in childhood (OR 5.75; 95%CI 3.37-9.81). The magnitude of the association was higher in the children/adolescents who had two or more postnatal complications (OR 6.39; 95%CI 4.10-10.00). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study suggest that malformation, neonatal jaundice, absence of crying at birth and seizure episodes in childhood are important factors to be considered when studying the etiology of ASD.

Faculty Development: Social Representations Constructed by Medical School Teachers / Desenvolvimento Docente: Representações Sociais Construídas por Professores de Escolas Médicas

ABSTRACT Faculty Development seeks to support educators in a range of functions in the areas of teaching, research, extension, management and evaluation. The aim of this study was to evaluate faculty development based on the social representations constructed by the teachers of a medical course. A qualitative survey was carried out, using the analytical method of discourse analysis and social representation as a theoretical contribution. Twelve teachers were randomly selected, and a semi-structured interview was conducted for the data collection. The responses, recorded in audio, were transcribed and discourse analysis was performed with the aim of mapping the social representations constructed by the subjects. The social representations were grouped into two categories: institutional development and personal development. Within the category institutional development, three subcategories were identified: Guiding principles of Faculty Development Programs, Teaching-learning strategies used in Faculty Development Programs, and Skills to be developed by faculty. Within the category Personal development, two subcategories were identified: Development as a person and as a social being, and Professional development. Over the years, a variety of social representations have been constructed in relation to the nature of teaching in medical education, but it is only in recent decades that managers and teachers of educational institutions have begun to focus more closely on this topic. In the present study, it was observed that for faculty development to be effective, the educator must have a desire to learn; however, institutional support and recognition are also essential. Faculty Development Programs must be flexible and adaptable, to meet the needs of the institution and its professors, and encourage reflection on their practices, though the exchange of experiences, the development of interpersonal relationships, and collaboration. However, it is vital to identify and facilitate the development of leadership skills, and to systematically evaluate the process and the results achieved. This will encourage teachers to develop in their academic careers and thereby increase the professionalization of teaching. Managers and teachers can sustain a shared mission to win resources, adapt to change, strive for excellence in the leadership of the organization in a national and international context, and consequently, provide a quality medical education.

RESUMO O desenvolvimento docente visa apoiar educadores em diversas funções nas áreas de ensino, pesquisa, extensão, gestão e avaliação. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento docente a partir das representações sociais construídas pelos professores de um curso de medicina. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual o método de análise utilizado foi análise do discurso e, como aporte teórico, as representações sociais. Foram selecionados doze professores aleatórios e uma entrevista semiestruturada foi conduzida para a coleta de dados. As respostas, gravadas em áudio, foram transcritas e a análise do discurso foi realizada com o objetivo de mapear as representações sociais construídas pelos sujeitos. As representações sociais foram agrupadas em duas categorias: Desenvolvimento Institucional e Desenvolvimento Pessoal. Na categoria Desenvolvimento Institucional, três subcategorias foram identificadas: Princípios orientadores dos Programas de Desenvolvimento docente, Estratégias de Ensino-aprendizagem utilizadas em Programas de Desenvolvimento docente, e Competências a serem desenvolvidas pelos docentes, e em Desenvolvimento Pessoal, identificaram-se duas subcategorias: Desenvolvimento como pessoa e como ser social e Desenvolvimento profissional. Muito embora uma variedade de representações sociais tenha sido construída em relação à docência em educação médica ao longo dos anos, somente nas últimas décadas o desenvolvimento docente se tornou um maior foco nas reflexões dos gestores de instituições educacionais e dos professores. No presente estudo, observou-se que para o desenvolvimento docente ser efetivo, é necessário que o educador queira aprender; no entanto, é essencial ter o reconhecimento e apoio institucional. Os Programas de Desenvolvimento Docente devem ser flexíveis e adaptáveis para atender às necessidades da instituição e dos professores e encorajar a reflexão sobre a própria prática, o intercâmbio de experiências, o desenvolvimento de relações interpessoais e a colaboração. No entanto, é vital identificar e facilitar o desenvolvimento de lideranças e avaliar sistematicamente o processo e os resultados alcançados, a fim de incentivar o desenvolvimento das carreiras acadêmicas dos professores, pois esta pode ser uma forma de profissionalizar o ensino. Portanto, é necessário que os gestores e professores possam sustentar uma missão compartilhada para alcançar recursos, se adaptar às mudanças, buscar a excelência na liderança da organização em um contexto nacional e internacional e, consequentemente, favorecer uma educação médica de qualidade.

[Autism spectrum disorder and parents' age: a case-control study in Brazil]. / Transtorno do espectro do autismo e idade dos genitores: estudo de caso-controle no Brasil.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has become a public health problem with major family, social, and economic impacts. This study aimed to estimate the association between ASD and parents' age at the time of their child's birth. A case-control study was performed, consisting of 243 individuals with ASD (cases) and 886 neurotypical controls. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied, following by multiple logistic regression. Associations between ASD and paternal age (in years) from 25 to 34 (OR = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.01-2.71), 35 to 44 (OR = 1.62; 95%CI: 0.96-2.73), and ≥ 45 (OR = 2.44; 95%CI: 1.14-5.00); and maternal age from 25 to 34 (OR = 2.38; 95%CI: 1.54-3.37) and ≥ 35 (OR = 2.09; 95%CI: 1.29-3.39) were significant when assessed in independent models. However, when included in a single model, only maternal age from 25 to 34 (OR = 2.27; 95%CI: 1.45-3.55) and ≥ 35 years (OR = 2.15; 95%CI: 1.21-3.83) remained associated with ASD. The association was stronger when both parents were older (OR = 4.87; 95%CI: 1.71-13.80). The results have important implications for clinical psychiatry and public health, since parents' age at childbirth has increased. Emphasis is needed on the prevention of late childbearing and screening and follow-up of children born to these couples.

O transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA) tem se tornado um problema de saúde pública, com grande impacto familiar, social e econômico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a associação entre o TEA e a idade dos genitores no momento do parto. Realizou-se um estudo de caso-controle constituído por 243 indivíduos com o TEA (casos) e 886 neurotípicos (controles). Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado e realizada a regressão logística múltipla. Associações entre o TEA e as idades paterna (em anos) entre 25 e 34 (OR = 1,65; IC95%: 1,01-2,71), 35 e 44 (OR = 1,62; IC95%: 0,96-2,73) e ≥ 45 (OR = 2,44; IC95%: 1,14-5,00); e materna entre 25 e 34 (OR = 2,38; IC95%: 1,54-3,37) e ≥ 35 (OR = 2,09; IC95%: 1,29-3,39) foram significativas quando avaliadas em modelos independentes. Porém, quando incluídas em um mesmo modelo apenas as idades maternas entre 25 e 34 (OR = 2,27; IC95%: 1,45-3,55) e ≥ 35 (OR = 2,15; IC95%: 1,21-3,83) se mantiveram associadas. A magnitude da associação foi maior quando ambos os genitores apresentavam idades avançadas (OR = 4,87; IC95%: 1,71-13,80). Os resultados encontrados podem ter importantes implicações para a psiquiatria clínica e a saúde pública, pois a idade dos genitores, no momento do parto, tem aumentado. Deve-se enfatizar a prevenção da idade reprodutiva tardia e o rastreamento e o acompanhamento das crianças geradas por estes casais.

El trastorno del espectro del autismo (TEA) se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública, con un gran impacto familiar, social y económico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la asociación entre el TEA y la edad de los progenitores en el momento del parto. Se realizó un estudio de caso-control constituido por 243 individuos con TEA (casos) y 886 neurotípicos (controles). Se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado y se realizó una regresión logística múltiple. Las asociaciones entre el TEA y las edades paterna (en años) entre 25 y 34 (OR = 1,65; IC95%: 1,01-2,71), 35 y 44 (OR = 1,62; IC95%: 0,96-2,73) y ≥ 45 (OR = 2,44; IC95%: 1,14-5,00); y materna entre 25 y 34 (OR = 2,38; IC95%: 1,54-3,37) y ≥ 35 (OR = 2,09; IC95%: 1,29-3,39) fueron significativas cuando se evaluaron en modelos independientes. No obstante, cuando se incluían en un mismo modelo, sólo las edades maternas entre 25 y 34 (OR = 2,27; IC95%: 1,45-3,55) y ≥ 35 (OR = 2,15; IC95%: 1,21-3,83) se mantuvieron asociadas. La magnitud de la asociación fue mayor cuando ambos progenitores presentaban edades avanzadas (OR = 4,87; IC95%: 1,71-13,80). Los resultados encontrados pueden tener importantes implicaciones para la psiquiatría clínica y la salud pública, puesto que la edad de los progenitores, en el momento del parto, ha aumentado. Se debe enfatizar la prevención de la edad reproductiva tardía y el rastreo, así como el seguimiento, de los niños generados por estas parejas.

Transtorno do espectro do autismo e idade dos genitores: estudo de caso-controle no Brasil / Autism spectrum disorder and parents' age: a case-control study in Brazil / Trastorno del espectro de autismo y edad de los progenitores: estudio de caso-control en Brasil

O transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA) tem se tornado um problema de saúde pública, com grande impacto familiar, social e econômico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a associação entre o TEA e a idade dos genitores no momento do parto. Realizou-se um estudo de caso-controle constituído por 243 indivíduos com o TEA (casos) e 886 neurotípicos (controles). Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado e realizada a regressão logística múltipla. Associações entre o TEA e as idades paterna (em anos) entre 25 e 34 (OR = 1,65; IC95%: 1,01-2,71), 35 e 44 (OR = 1,62; IC95%: 0,96-2,73) e ≥ 45 (OR = 2,44; IC95%: 1,14-5,00); e materna entre 25 e 34 (OR = 2,38; IC95%: 1,54-3,37) e ≥ 35 (OR = 2,09; IC95%: 1,29-3,39) foram significativas quando avaliadas em modelos independentes. Porém, quando incluídas em um mesmo modelo apenas as idades maternas entre 25 e 34 (OR = 2,27; IC95%: 1,45-3,55) e ≥ 35 (OR = 2,15; IC95%: 1,21-3,83) se mantiveram associadas. A magnitude da associação foi maior quando ambos os genitores apresentavam idades avançadas (OR = 4,87; IC95%: 1,71-13,80). Os resultados encontrados podem ter importantes implicações para a psiquiatria clínica e a saúde pública, pois a idade dos genitores, no momento do parto, tem aumentado. Deve-se enfatizar a prevenção da idade reprodutiva tardia e o rastreamento e o acompanhamento das crianças geradas por estes casais.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has become a public health problem with major family, social, and economic impacts. This study aimed to estimate the association between ASD and parents' age at the time of their child's birth. A case-control study was performed, consisting of 243 individuals with ASD (cases) and 886 neurotypical controls. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied, following by multiple logistic regression. Associations between ASD and paternal age (in years) from 25 to 34 (OR = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.01-2.71), 35 to 44 (OR = 1.62; 95%CI: 0.96-2.73), and ≥ 45 (OR = 2.44; 95%CI: 1.14-5.00); and maternal age from 25 to 34 (OR = 2.38; 95%CI: 1.54-3.37) and ≥ 35 (OR = 2.09; 95%CI: 1.29-3.39) were significant when assessed in independent models. However, when included in a single model, only maternal age from 25 to 34 (OR = 2.27; 95%CI: 1.45-3.55) and ≥ 35 years (OR = 2.15; 95%CI: 1.21-3.83) remained associated with ASD. The association was stronger when both parents were older (OR = 4.87; 95%CI: 1.71-13.80). The results have important implications for clinical psychiatry and public health, since parents' age at childbirth has increased. Emphasis is needed on the prevention of late childbearing and screening and follow-up of children born to these couples.

El trastorno del espectro del autismo (TEA) se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública, con un gran impacto familiar, social y económico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la asociación entre el TEA y la edad de los progenitores en el momento del parto. Se realizó un estudio de caso-control constituido por 243 individuos con TEA (casos) y 886 neurotípicos (controles). Se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado y se realizó una regresión logística múltiple. Las asociaciones entre el TEA y las edades paterna (en años) entre 25 y 34 (OR = 1,65; IC95%: 1,01-2,71), 35 y 44 (OR = 1,62; IC95%: 0,96-2,73) y ≥ 45 (OR = 2,44; IC95%: 1,14-5,00); y materna entre 25 y 34 (OR = 2,38; IC95%: 1,54-3,37) y ≥ 35 (OR = 2,09; IC95%: 1,29-3,39) fueron significativas cuando se evaluaron en modelos independientes. No obstante, cuando se incluían en un mismo modelo, sólo las edades maternas entre 25 y 34 (OR = 2,27; IC95%: 1,45-3,55) y ≥ 35 (OR = 2,15; IC95%: 1,21-3,83) se mantuvieron asociadas. La magnitud de la asociación fue mayor cuando ambos progenitores presentaban edades avanzadas (OR = 4,87; IC95%: 1,71-13,80). Los resultados encontrados pueden tener importantes implicaciones para la psiquiatría clínica y la salud pública, puesto que la edad de los progenitores, en el momento del parto, ha aumentado. Se debe enfatizar la prevención de la edad reproductiva tardía y el rastreo, así como el seguimiento, de los niños generados por estas parejas.

Results of a randomized, prospective clinical trial evaluating metronomic chemotherapy in nonmetastatic patients with high-grade, operable osteosarcomas of the extremities: A report from the Latin American Group of Osteosarcoma Treatment.

BACKGROUND: Metronomic chemotherapy (MC) consists of the administration of a low dose of chemotherapy on a daily or weekly basis without a long break to achieve an antitumoral effect through an antiangiogenic effect or stimulation of the immune system. The potential effect of MC with continuous oral cyclophosphamide and methotrexate in patients with high-grade operable osteosarcomas (OSTs) of the extremities was investigated. METHODS: Patients with high-grade OSTs who were 30 years old or younger were eligible for registration at diagnosis. Eligibility for randomization included 1) nonmetastatic disease and 2) complete resection of the primary tumor. The study design included a backbone of 10 weeks of preoperative therapy with methotrexate, adriamycin, and platinum (MAP). After surgery, patients were randomized between 2 arms to complete 31 weeks of MAP or receive 73 weeks of MC after MAP. The primary endpoint was event-free survival (EFS) from randomization. RESULTS: There were 422 nonmetastatic patients registered (May 2006 to July 2013) from 27 sites in 3 countries (Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay), and 296 were randomized to MAP plus MC (n = 139) or MAP alone (n = 157). At 5 years, the EFS cumulative proportions surviving in the MAP-MC group and the MAP-alone group were 61% (standard error [SE], 0.5%) and 64% (SE, 0.5%), respectively, and they were not statistically different (Wilcoxon [Gehan] statistic = 0.724; P =.395). The multivariate analysis showed that necrosis grades 1 and 2, tumor size, and amputation were associated with shorter EFS. CONCLUSIONS: According to the current follow-up, EFS with MAP plus MC is not statistically superior to EFS with MAP alone in patients with high-grade, resectable OSTs of the extremities. Cancer 2017;123:1003-10. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

Importância do acolhimento de pais que tiveram diagnóstico do transtorno do espectro do autismo de um filho / The importance of embracing parents of a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder

Resumo Introdução Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar os resultados de uma capacitação oferecida aos membros de uma equipe de acolhimento de pais cujo filho(a) teve diagnóstico de transtorno de espectro do autismo (TEA). Métodos Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa. Foi oferecida uma capacitação aos membros da equipe responsável pelo acolhimento da Associação Norte Mineira de apoio ao Autista (ANDA), compreendendo três módulos. Além disso, um questionário foi aplicado aos participantes antes e após a capacitação. Resultados Observou-se a mudança de percepção na assertiva que avaliava a necessidade de se compreender a importância do acolhimento de pais de crianças com TEA. Verificou-se que, antes da capacitação, os participantes apresentavam um envolvimento emocional com o trabalho a ser desenvolvido no acolhimento; após a capacitação, eles deram ênfase à importância de orientar os pais na busca por profissionais qualificados e à importância do acompanhamento da criança por uma equipe multiprofissional. A escuta também foi referida antes e após a capacitação. Conclusão A capacitação promoveu uma sensibilização dos participantes quanto à necessidade de se desenvolverem nos aspectos cognitivo, psicomotor e atitudinal para o acolhimento dos pais. São necessárias outras capacitações para garantir maior sensibilização, bem como intensificar a melhoria das competências adquiridas.

Abstract Objective This work aimed to evaluate the results of a training offered to members of an embracing team for parents who had a child diagnosed with ASD. Methods This is an exploratory research with a qualitative approach. Members of a team responsible for embracing at Associação Norte Mineira de Apoio ao Autista/ANDA received a training composed of three modules. A questionnaire was applied to the participants before and after the training. Results We observed that prior to training participants were vulnerable to emotional involvement with the work to be developed, and after the training, participants emphasized the importance of orienting parents to seek qualified professionals and the importance of having a multidisciplinary team following the child. The listening was also reported before and after training. Conclusion The training promoted the participants awareness on the importance of developing the cognitive, psychomotor and attitudinal aspects at parents embracement. Additional interventions are still necessary to ensure greater awareness, as well to improve the skills acquired.

Polyoxygenated steroids from the octocoral Leptogorgia punicea and in vitro evaluation of their cytotoxic activity.

Five new polyoxygenated marine steroids-punicinols A-E (1-5)-were isolated from the gorgonian Leptogorgia punicea and characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR, MS, 1H, 13C and 2-D NMR). The five compounds induced in vitro cytotoxic effects against lung cancer A549 cells, while punicinols A and B were the most active, with IC50 values of 9.7 µM and 9.6 µM, respectively. The synergistic effects of these compounds with paclitaxel, as well as their effects on cell cycle distribution and their performance in the clonogenic assay, were also evaluated. Both compounds demonstrated significant synergistic effects with paclitaxel.