Avaliação de programas sociais de mensuração de resultados para uma abordagem construtivista / Evaluation of social programs from mensuration of results towards a constructivist approach

O artigo discute duas formas de avaliar um programa social. No métodoconvencional busca-se verificar o valor e/ou o mérito de um programa, com a finalidadede responder às indagações dos financiadores ou executores, levantando dadosquantificáveis segundo uma abordagem positivista. Já na perspectiva construtivista,propõe-se avaliar o impacto dos programas sociais em seu contexto de implantação. Essemétodo mostra-se pertinente às necessidades da Psicologia Social, já que mais do queobter um estudo das relações sociais, considera a subjetividade dos sujeitos pesquisados,como, por exemplo, na sua capacidade de reordenamento diante das intervenções quelhe são dirigidas. Com isso busca-se intervir nas formas como essas relações acontecem,podendo contribuir, com as políticas sociais, uma vez que está em construção uma novaforma de se fazer política, na qual o protagonismo e o controle social tornam-seelementos indispensáveis(AU)

The paper makes a comparison between two evaluative approaches. In a moreconventional way, the goal is to verify the value of a program according to the interestsof its sponsors. In a positivist view, the evaluation is carried out only with the basis ofquantifiable data. Differently, the constructivist approach seeks to evaluate socialprograms in their context of application. It is a method more useful for Social Psychologybecause it focus on social relations as well as in the subjectivities of those involved in the research. It considers that the subjects are capable of reorganize themselves under theimpact of the social interventions. The constructivist approach aims to intervene in theserelations and to contribute for social policies, pointing out to a new way of doing politics,with the basis on social control and participation of the involved social actors(AU)

Diagnóstico ecocardiográfico de transposiçäo das grandes artérias associada à drenagem anômala de veias pulmonares / Echocardiographic diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries associated with anomalous pulmonary venous connection

We report 2 cases of transposition of the great arteries associated with anomalous pulmonary venous connection emphasizing the clinical findings, the diagnosis, and the evolution of the association. One of the patients had the anomalous pulmonary venous connection in its total infradiaphragmatic form, in the portal system, and the other patient had a partial form, in which an anomalous connection of the left superior lobar vein with the innominate vein existed. At the time of hospital admission, the patients had cyanosis and respiratory distress with clinical findings suggesting transposition of the great arteries. The diagnosis in 1 of the cases, in which the anomalous connection was partial, was established only with echocardiography, without invasive procedures that would represent risk for the patient; in the other case, in which the anomalous connection was total, the malformation was only evidenced with catheterization. The patients underwent surgery for anatomical correction of the heart disease. Only 1 patient had a good outcome