[Prevalence of arterial hypertension in a rural population of Buenos Aires]. / Prevalencia de la hipertensión arterial en una población rural bonaerense.

We screened 1.080 individuals of both sexes between 15 and 75 years old of a rural population of Gral. Belgrano (Prov. of Bs As) in order to assess: 1) prevalence of hypertension (HP) 2) state of awareness of the population about hypertension and 3) treatment and control of the hypertensive population. The sample represented 11% of the population between 15 and 75 years old. BP was measured 3 times in one occasion and the average of these determinations was used to state prevalence. The prevalence of HP (BP > or = 140 and/or 90 mmHg) was 39.8% (35.1% for women and 44.9% for men, P < 0.001) (Fig. 2). The prevalence of diastolic hypertension (DHP) was 22.4% in women and 30.1% in men whereas the prevalence of systolic hypertension (SHP) was 9.6% and 12% respectively. 47% of the hypertensive individuals were aware of being hypertensive and 13% of this group were without pharmacological treatment. If we consider the group who was treated (34%) only 7.6% were controlled with the medication. A very high prevalence of this disease was detected in this population. It will be necessary to evaluate obesity and high salt and alcohol intake. The reduction of these risk factors will be of great value for the primary prevention of this disease.

Prevalencia de la hipertensión arterial en una población rural bonaerense. / [Prevalence of arterial hypertension in a rural population of Buenos Aires]

We screened 1.080 individuals of both sexes between 15 and 75 years old of a rural population of Gral. Belgrano (Prov. of Bs As) in order to assess: 1) prevalence of hypertension (HP) 2) state of awareness of the population about hypertension and 3) treatment and control of the hypertensive population. The sample represented 11

of the population between 15 and 75 years old. BP was measured 3 times in one occasion and the average of these determinations was used to state prevalence. The prevalence of HP (BP > or = 140 and/or 90 mmHg) was 39.8

(35.1

for women and 44.9

for men, P < 0.001) (Fig. 2). The prevalence of diastolic hypertension (DHP) was 22.4

in women and 30.1

in men whereas the prevalence of systolic hypertension (SHP) was 9.6

and 12

respectively. 47

of the hypertensive individuals were aware of being hypertensive and 13

of this group were without pharmacological treatment. If we consider the group who was treated (34

) only 7.6

were controlled with the medication. A very high prevalence of this disease was detected in this population. It will be necessary to evaluate obesity and high salt and alcohol intake. The reduction of these risk factors will be of great value for the primary prevention of this disease.

Differences in prevalence of diastolic arterial hypertension in 1423 young individuals in two different interviews.

OBJECTIVES: To determine prevalence of diastolic arterial hypertension (DAH) in young individuals using different criteria. Secondly, to test the possible different blood pressure reactions to mental stress and hand grip in two groups: group A, a 'low blood pressure group', and group B, diastolic blood pressure 90 mmHg or greater in one interview and below these values in a second interview. SUBJECTS: A total of 1423 volunteer medical students was recruited at La Plata School of Medicine, average age 21 +/- 3 years. DESIGN: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured three times on two different occasions separated by one week. With the values obtained, prevalence of arterial hypertension was determined according to the criteria suggested by The Joint National Committee 4 (JNC-4) and the World Health Organization (WHO), and to statistical bases. INTERVENTIONS: Mental stress and hand grip tests were performed by groups A and B. MAIN RESULTS: The prevalence of DAH when only the first determination of the first interview was considered was 14.7%, 6.7% (considering the WHO criterion) or 5% (using the statistical criterion). These values are reduced if repeated measurements are averaged. The greatest reduction was obtained when the JNC-4 criterion was used (1.6%). The reactivity of stressors did not show any relationship with the initial blood pressure of the subjects. CONCLUSIONS: In epidemiological studies, the differences among the criteria should be considered when analyzing blood pressure of populations. Stress tests (mental stress and hand grip) do not help in identifying differences between the groups studied.

[Definition of hypertension based on a prevalence study of 1,423 young adults]. / Consideraciones sobre la definición de hipertensión arterial a partir de un estudio de prevalencia en 1423 jóvenes.

The prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) was studied in 1423 individuals (702 males and 721 females) aged 21 years (Fig. 1, Table 1). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures and heart rate (HR) were measured three times on two different occasions separated by at least one week. Three different criteria were used to define AH (Table 3): 1) World Health Organization (WHO) [PAD > or = 95 mmHg in one casual determination]; Joint National Committee IV (JNC-4) [PAD > or = 90 mmHg on two different occasions]; and 3) Statistical [PAD > percentile 95 of the respective distribution]. BP was distributed normally in both males and females (Fig. 4). DBP decreased progressively along the six measurements (Fig. 2, Table 2), with the average of DBP determinations 4-6 being significantly lower than the average of determinations 1-3 (p < 0.05). SBP behaved in the same way (Fig. 2, Table 2), but in this case the 2nd and 3rd determinations within each occasion (2-3 and 5-6) were significantly lower than determinations 1 and 4, respectively (p < 0.05). As a result, the percentage of individuals of either sex with DBP > 90 mmHg was 14.7% based on the 1st determination (Fig. 5), but if the averages of determinations 1 to 3 or 1 to 6 were considered, these percentages decreased to 8.7% and 4% respectively (Fig. 5). With the WHO criterion (PAD > or = 160/95 mmHg based on the first determination) there were 3.3% of individuals with AH. With the statistical criterion the prevalence of AH was always 5%, but the actual value of percentile 95 was progressively lower as we took into account the 1st. determination, the average of 1-3 or the average of 1-6: 100, 95 and 90 mmHg in males and 90, 88 and 84 mmHg in females, respectively (Fig. 6). With the JNC-4 criterion there were 1.6% of individuals with AH (Fig. 5). These low figures were caused by the lack of repeatability of DBP readings in the second determination, since 79% of the individuals with DBP > or = 90 mmHg on the first occasion were normotensive on the second one, whereas more than 95% of those being initially normotensive remained in that category on the second visit (Fig. 7). The FC did not show important changes (Fig. 8), and the percentage of individuals with systolic AH was low (Table 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Consideraciones sobre la definicion de hipertension arterial a partir de un estudio de prevalencia de 1423 jovenes / Hypertension definition based on a prevalence study in 1.423 young adults

Se estudió la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (HA) en una muestra de 1423 jóvenes (702 varones y 721 mujeres) de 21 años de edad promedio. En cada individuo se midió la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD) y la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) tres veces en cada una de dos ocasiones separadas entre sí por al menos una semana. Para definir HA se utilizaron tres criterios: 1) el de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) [PAD * 95 mmHg]; 2) el del Joint National Commitee IV (JNC-4) [PAD * 90 mmHg en dos fechas distintas]; y Estadístico: PAD > al percentilo 95 de la distribucción respectiva. La PAD y PAS descendieron significativamente en la segunda ocasión con respecto a la primera (p < 0,05), y en el caso de la PAS hubo descensos significativos en la segunda y tercera tmas de cada ocasión con respecto a la primera toma (p < 0,05). Como consecuencia, el número de indivíduos con PAD * 90 mmHg fue, en ambos sexos, de 14,7% si nos basamos en la primera toma, pero bajó a 8,7% si nos basamos en el promdeio de las tomas 1 a 3; y a un 4% si nos basamos en el promdeio 1-6. Con el criterio de la OMS (basado en la medición 1) hay un 3,3% de hipertensos en ambos sexos . Con el criterio estadístico hubo siempre un 5% con HA, pero la línea de corte (percentilo 95) bajó a medida que consideramos la toma 1, el promedio 1-3 o el promedio 1-6: 100, 95 y 90 mmHg en varones y 90, 88 y 84 mmHg en mujeres. Con el criterio del JNC-4 se detectaron 1,6% de individuos con HA. En el bajo porcentaje detectado con este último criterio influyó más la falta de repetibilidad de las cifras que el mismo exige que el descenso progresivo de la PAD antes mencionado, ya que aproximadamente un 80% de los inicialmente hipertensos fueron normotensos, ya que aproximadamente un 80% de los inicialmente hipertensos fueron normotensos en la segunda fecha; mientras que más del 95% de los inciialmente nomotensos se conservaron como tales en la segunda fecha. La FC no mostró alteraciones de importancia, y el número de individuos con PASelevada fue escaso...

Consideraciones sobre la definición de hipertensión arterial a partir de un estudio de prevalencia en 1423 jóvenes. / [Definition of hypertension based on a prevalence study of 1,423 young adults]

The prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) was studied in 1423 individuals (702 males and 721 females) aged 21 years (Fig. 1, Table 1). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures and heart rate (HR) were measured three times on two different occasions separated by at least one week. Three different criteria were used to define AH (Table 3): 1) World Health Organization (WHO) [PAD > or = 95 mmHg in one casual determination]; Joint National Committee IV (JNC-4) [PAD > or = 90 mmHg on two different occasions]; and 3) Statistical [PAD > percentile 95 of the respective distribution]. BP was distributed normally in both males and females (Fig. 4). DBP decreased progressively along the six measurements (Fig. 2, Table 2), with the average of DBP determinations 4-6 being significantly lower than the average of determinations 1-3 (p < 0.05). SBP behaved in the same way (Fig. 2, Table 2), but in this case the 2nd and 3rd determinations within each occasion (2-3 and 5-6) were significantly lower than determinations 1 and 4, respectively (p < 0.05). As a result, the percentage of individuals of either sex with DBP > 90 mmHg was 14.7

based on the 1st determination (Fig. 5), but if the averages of determinations 1 to 3 or 1 to 6 were considered, these percentages decreased to 8.7

and 4

respectively (Fig. 5). With the WHO criterion (PAD > or = 160/95 mmHg based on the first determination) there were 3.3

of individuals with AH. With the statistical criterion the prevalence of AH was always 5

, but the actual value of percentile 95 was progressively lower as we took into account the 1st. determination, the average of 1-3 or the average of 1-6: 100, 95 and 90 mmHg in males and 90, 88 and 84 mmHg in females, respectively (Fig. 6). With the JNC-4 criterion there were 1.6

of individuals with AH (Fig. 5). These low figures were caused by the lack of repeatability of DBP readings in the second determination, since 79

of the individuals with DBP > or = 90 mmHg on the first occasion were normotensive on the second one, whereas more than 95

of those being initially normotensive remained in that category on the second visit (Fig. 7). The FC did not show important changes (Fig. 8), and the percentage of individuals with systolic AH was low (Table 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Consideraciones sobre la definicion de hipertension arterial a partir de un estudio de prevalencia de 1423 jovenes / Hypertension definition based on a prevalence study in 1.423 young adults

Se estudió la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (HA) en una muestra de 1423 jóvenes (702 varones y 721 mujeres) de 21 años de edad promedio. En cada individuo se midió la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD) y la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) tres veces en cada una de dos ocasiones separadas entre sí por al menos una semana. Para definir HA se utilizaron tres criterios: 1) el de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) [PAD * 95 mmHg]; 2) el del Joint National Commitee IV (JNC-4) [PAD * 90 mmHg en dos fechas distintas]; y Estadístico: PAD > al percentilo 95 de la distribucción respectiva. La PAD y PAS descendieron significativamente en la segunda ocasión con respecto a la primera (p < 0,05), y en el caso de la PAS hubo descensos significativos en la segunda y tercera tmas de cada ocasión con respecto a la primera toma (p < 0,05). Como consecuencia, el número de indivíduos con PAD * 90 mmHg fue, en ambos sexos, de 14,7% si nos basamos en la primera toma, pero bajó a 8,7% si nos basamos en el promdeio de las tomas 1 a 3; y a un 4% si nos basamos en el promdeio 1-6. Con el criterio de la OMS (basado en la medición 1) hay un 3,3% de hipertensos en ambos sexos . Con el criterio estadístico hubo siempre un 5% con HA, pero la línea de corte (percentilo 95) bajó a medida que consideramos la toma 1, el promedio 1-3 o el promedio 1-6: 100, 95 y 90 mmHg en varones y 90, 88 y 84 mmHg en mujeres. Con el criterio del JNC-4 se detectaron 1,6% de individuos con HA. En el bajo porcentaje detectado con este último criterio influyó más la falta de repetibilidad de las cifras que el mismo exige que el descenso progresivo de la PAD antes mencionado, ya que aproximadamente un 80% de los inicialmente hipertensos fueron normotensos, ya que aproximadamente un 80% de los inicialmente hipertensos fueron normotensos en la segunda fecha; mientras que más del 95% de los inciialmente nomotensos se conservaron como tales en la segunda fecha. La FC no mostró alteraciones de importancia, y el número de individuos con PASelevada fue escaso...(AU)

Consideraciones sobre la definición de hipertensión arterial a partir de un estudio de prevalencia en 1423 jóvenes. / [Definition of hypertension based on a prevalence study of 1,423 young adults]

The prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) was studied in 1423 individuals (702 males and 721 females) aged 21 years (Fig. 1, Table 1). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures and heart rate (HR) were measured three times on two different occasions separated by at least one week. Three different criteria were used to define AH (Table 3): 1) World Health Organization (WHO) [PAD > or = 95 mmHg in one casual determination]; Joint National Committee IV (JNC-4) [PAD > or = 90 mmHg on two different occasions]; and 3) Statistical [PAD > percentile 95 of the respective distribution]. BP was distributed normally in both males and females (Fig. 4). DBP decreased progressively along the six measurements (Fig. 2, Table 2), with the average of DBP determinations 4-6 being significantly lower than the average of determinations 1-3 (p < 0.05). SBP behaved in the same way (Fig. 2, Table 2), but in this case the 2nd and 3rd determinations within each occasion (2-3 and 5-6) were significantly lower than determinations 1 and 4, respectively (p < 0.05). As a result, the percentage of individuals of either sex with DBP > 90 mmHg was 14.7

based on the 1st determination (Fig. 5), but if the averages of determinations 1 to 3 or 1 to 6 were considered, these percentages decreased to 8.7

and 4

respectively (Fig. 5). With the WHO criterion (PAD > or = 160/95 mmHg based on the first determination) there were 3.3

of individuals with AH. With the statistical criterion the prevalence of AH was always 5

, but the actual value of percentile 95 was progressively lower as we took into account the 1st. determination, the average of 1-3 or the average of 1-6: 100, 95 and 90 mmHg in males and 90, 88 and 84 mmHg in females, respectively (Fig. 6). With the JNC-4 criterion there were 1.6

of individuals with AH (Fig. 5). These low figures were caused by the lack of repeatability of DBP readings in the second determination, since 79

of the individuals with DBP > or = 90 mmHg on the first occasion were normotensive on the second one, whereas more than 95

of those being initially normotensive remained in that category on the second visit (Fig. 7). The FC did not show important changes (Fig. 8), and the percentage of individuals with systolic AH was low (Table 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Comparison between parental report and results of microbiologic agar assay for presence of antibiotic in urine of Argentinian children with acute lower respiratory tract infection.

This study compares two sources of information on prior use of antibiotics in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection. The presence of antibiotics in respiratory specimens complicates recovery of bacterial pathogens and the selection of appropriate antibiotic treatment. The first source of information is the parents, who are asked about recent use of antibiotics by their child. The second source is an agar diffusion assay that detects antibiotics in urine specimens. In Argentina, where antibiotics are readily available without prescription, parental information about a child's recent antibiotic therapy was found to be relatively reliable only when their answer was affirmative.