Tubermycin B coated on Galactosylated Chitosan Nanoparticles synthesized by eco-friendly method ameliorates intracellular free radical production and reduces oxidative stress, reducing phosphorylation of IKKα/ß/pIкBα/NF-кB pathway.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the current study was to investigate the cytotoxic potentials of Galactosylated Chitosan Nanoparticles. Specifically, the study aimed to develop Tubermycin B coated on Galactosylated Chitosan Nanoparticles using a new green method that replaces sodium borohydride in the reduction process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study synthesized Tubermycin B coated on Galactosylated Chitosan Nanoparticles through a new green method. The cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles was evaluated in a mice intestinal tract model that had been induced with chlorpyrifos, which causes oxidative stress-related enterotoxicity. Multiple activities, including the apoptosis of intestinal macrophages and the activation of Ikappa α/ß kinase (IKKα/ß), were examined as indicators of the nanoparticles' efficacy. The stability of the synthesized Chitosan Nanoparticles was also assessed. Additionally, the encapsulation efficiency of Boscia angustifalia and Boscia senegalensis extracts within the nanoparticles was determined. RESULTS: The results of the study showed that Tubermycin B coated on Galactosylated Chitosan Nanoparticles effectively alleviated the oxidative stress-related enterotoxicity in the mice intestinal tract induced by chlorpyrifos. The nanoparticles prevented the apoptosis of intestinal macrophages and inhibited the activation of IKKα/ß. The synthesized chitosan nanoparticles exhibited high stability. The encapsulation efficiency of Boscia angustifalia extract was recorded as 46.58%, whereas for Boscia senegalensis extract, it was 9.77%. The nanoparticles showed no cytotoxicity at all tested concentrations and demonstrated a medium-level anticancer effect. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that Tubermycin B coated on Galactosylated Chitosan Nanoparticles has the potential to alleviate oxidative stress-related enterotoxicity in the mice intestinal tract. The nanoparticles showed high stability and exhibited a medium-level anticancer effect. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that Boscia angustifalia extract exhibited higher anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV) activity compared to Boscia senegalensis extract in an in-vitro system. Therefore, Boscia angustifalia could be considered a promising candidate for the development of an anti-HCV drug for future in-vivo studies.

Isolation and characterization of lectin with antibacterial, antibiofilm and antiproliferative activities from Acinetobacter baumannii of environmental origin.

AIMS: Lectin is a nonimmunogenic glycoprotein that has been extracted mostly from the primary plant source leguminoase. Its ability to precisely recognize and bind to the complex cell bound structure enables it to play diverse roles. In this study, we obligate to define new sources of lectins since the production of lectins is very expensive. Therefore, we performed a study with the goal to isolate and characterize lectin from bacteria of plant origin and screen its ability as an antibacterial, antibiofilm and antiproliferative agent. METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated isolates of environmental origin for their ability to produce lectin using phenotypic and molecular detection. The lectin was purified from an isolate AB119 which has abundant lectin activity and its molecular weight was determined by SDS-PAGE and HPLC. This lectin has a molecular weight of 30 kD and used to evaluate its antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiproliferative activities using earlier published protocols. All bacterial isolates tested in this study showed the ability to produce biofilm which was inhibited in the presence of lectin significantly. In microtitre plate assay, the scale of biofilm inhibition by the purified lectin was significantly reduced for all bacterial species. Lectin inhibited the growth of all three tested bacterial species after treatment for 24 h and this antimicrobial effect was uniform to all species irrespective of Gram positive or Gram negative. The antiproliferative effects of lectin against HeLa cells were determined using MTT assay showed significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation at an IC50 of 10 µM for 24 h. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that lectin has a promising application as an antimicrobial and, antibiofilm agent to control multidrug-resistant pathogen-associated infections. At the same time, it has also promising ability to control the proliferation of tumour cell as evident by our study results. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: AB119 lectin from A.baumannii species was verified for its capability to control microbial growth and its biofilm formation. Results showed lectin was able to reduce growth as well biofilm formation of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species. Lectin has a promising application as an antibiofilm agent to combat the growing number of multidrug-resistant pathogen-associated infections.