Irisin Induces Apoptosis in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells and Inhibits Tumor Growth In Vivo.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in males worldwide, with αVß5 in-tegrin, a coactivator receptor, being highly expressed in advanced prostate cancer. Irisin, a hormone secreted from skeletal muscles, can reduce cell viability and migration and potentially inhibit αVß5. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the potential impact of irisin on prostate cancer cells and its underlying mechanism. METHODS: In vitro evaluation of the antiproliferative action of irisin on metastatic prostate cancer (PC-3) cells was tested through MTT assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot. An in vivo evaluation of the antiproliferative effect on prostate cancer xenograft was evaluated in nude mice. RESULTS: In vitro evaluations showed that irisin reduced PC-3 cell viability to 70% and increased the Annexin-V/7AAD positive cell population. Irisin altered the expression of apoptotic proteins, αVß5, and proteins involved in the P13k-Akt pathway. In vivo, irisin inhibited tumor growth and progression, positively affecting animal well-being. In conclusion, irisin has an apoptotic effect on PC-3, possibly through altering αVß5 and the Bcl2/BAX and P13k-Akt signaling pathway, inhibiting tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION: Our findings can serve as a foundation for further evaluation of irisin's role in prostate cancer.

Examining bedtime procrastination, study engagement, and studyholism in undergraduate students, and their association with insomnia.

Introduction: Compulsive overstudying, known as studyholism, is an emerging behavioral addiction. In this study, we examine the prevalence of, and the relationships between, insomnia, study engagement, studyholism, bedtime procrastination among undergraduate students. Methods: The Studyholism (SI-10), Athens Insomnia (AIS), and bedtime procrastination scales were administered to a convenience sample of 495 university students. Results: Our findings indicate that the prevalence of insomnia was 75.31%, high studyholism was found in 15.31% of the sample, and increased study engagement was detected in 16.94%. Gender differences analysis revealed that females reported higher studyholism and bedtime procrastination than males. Fifth-year students had higher levels of studyholism than internship (p < 0.001), first-year (p < 0.01), and sixth-year students (p < 0.05). Insomnia was positively related to studyholism and bedtime procrastination. Furthermore, insomnia can be positively predicted by studyholism and bedtime procrastination. Participants with a medium level of studyholism were twice as likely to experience insomnia as those with a low level. Studyholics were six times more susceptible to insomnia than students with low studyholism levels. Compared to individuals with low bedtime procrastination levels, those with medium and high bedtime procrastination were twice as likely to report insomnia. Conclusion: Our study highlights the interplay between insomnia, studyholism, and bedtime procrastination. Further, the findings indicate the need to increase awareness of insomnia.