Metastatic prostate cancer on the thyroid cartilage: unusual symptoms of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Case report.

OBJECTIVE: To review the unusual localizations of metastasic prostate cancer with the contribution of a clinical case of prostatic adenocarcinoma metastasis in the thyroid cartilage. METHODS: 49-year-old-male admitted with history of 48 hour hematuria associated with lumbar pain radiating to the lower extremities and cervical tumour for 3 months. RESULTS: CT scan of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis was performed showing an insufflating lesion on the left thyroid cartilage lamina suggesting chondrosarcoma, a 4 cm tumour on the posterior side of the bladder, and metastases on L4-S1 vertebral bodies and left iliac bone. Cystoscopy revealed an image on the posterior vesical wall suggesting prostatic infiltration by a tumoral process without evidence of urothelial tumors. PSA was 617 ng/ml. Digital rectal examination: Prostate with augmented consistency. Due to these results an ultrasound-guided transrectal prostatic biopsy was performed with the pathological result of Gleason 8 prostatic adenocarcinoma involving boths lobes. Complete androgen blockade with Bicalutamide and Goserelin was started with good response lowering the PSA level down to 29 ng/ml. Regarding the cervical mass suggestive of thyroid chondrosarcoma a left vertical partial laryngectomy was performed with replacement of the thyroid cartilage by septal cartilage. Pathological study of the piece revealed the presence of prostatic adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: Metastatic prostate cancer in the thyroid cartilage is exceptional, there being only five cases described in the literature. This fact, linked to the scant frequency of tumours lying in this cartilage and diagnosis by means of radiological suspicion, makes it very difficult to include metastatic prostate cancer in the routine differential diagnosis of cervical masses.

Bladder augmentation using the gastrointestinal tract. Indication, follow up and complications.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of bladder augmentation using the gastrointestinal tract is to create a low-pressure and high-capacity reservoir, permitting suitable continence and voiding, preserving the upper urinary tract. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the indications, complications and results of our series of augmentation enterocystoplasties. METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing augmentation enterocystoplasty in our department between 1997 and 2010, both included. The indications were: Interstitial cystitis, neurogenic bladder and inflammatory bladder retraction. In all cases a cystography, urethrocystoscopy, urodynamic study and studies of each condition. Bladder release is performed by means of medial laparotomy and an extraperitoneal approach with bivalve opening to the urethral orifices. The bladder augmentation is performed with a 15-20 cm segment of detubularized ileum obtained at 20 cm from the ileocecal valve; in cases of kidney failure, a 7-cm gastric body wedge is added. The bladder catheter was removed following cystogram after 15 days. Monitoring was performed by means of ultrasound with postvoid residual, blood analyses, urine culture and voiding diary. We performed a descriptive study of the demographic characteristics, postoperative complications according to the Clavien classification and in the long term. RESULTS: We included 24 patients, 19 women and 5 men with a mean age of 48.5 years and a median of 47 (21-77). Mean follow up was 7.5 years with a median of 8 (1-11). The indications were: 7 interstitial cystitis, 8 bladder retraction and 7 neurogenic bladder. There were no intraoperative complications. The postoperative complications were 3 Clavien I, 2 type II, 2 IIIA and 1 IIIB. In the long term, 3 patients presented urinary incontinence, 2 mild metabolic acidosis, 5 required self-catheterization, 6 bladder stones, 2 febrile urinary tract infections and 1 stricture of the anastomotic mouth. In three cases, an ileogastrocystoplasty was performed without hydroelectrolytic impairment or impairment of kidney function. CONCLUSIONS: In selected patients, augmentation enterocystoplasty constitutes an efficacious therapeutic option in the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction with scant morbidity and few complications.